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  • 1
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    Concerted nonsyntenic allelic loss in human colorectal carcinoma (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: Familial polyposis coli (FPC) is caused by an autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 5, and it has been proposed that colorectal cancer in the general population arises from loss or inactivation of the FPC gene, analogous to recessive tumor genes in retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor. Since allelic loss can be erroneously scored in nonhomogeneous samples, tumor cell populations were first microdissected from 24 colorectal carcinomas, an additional nine cancers were engrafted in nude mice, and nuclei were flow-sorted from an additional two. Of 31 cancers informative for chromosome 5 markers, only 6 (19%) showed loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 5 alleles, compared to 19 of 34 (56%) on chromosome 17, and 17 of 33 (52%) on chromosome 18. Therefore, it appears that (i) FPC is a true dominant for adenomatosis but not a common recessive gene for colon cancer; and (ii) simple Mendelian models involving loss of alleles at a single locus may be inappropriate for understanding common human solid tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Law, D J -- Olschwang, S -- Monpezat, J P -- Lefrancois, D -- Jagelman, D -- Petrelli, N J -- Thomas, G -- Feinberg, A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):961-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2841761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Adenoma/genetics ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/*genetics ; *Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/analysis ; Genes, Dominant ; *Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Mice ; Precancerous Conditions/genetics ; Rectal Neoplasms/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Human IL-3 and GM-CSF act synergistically in stimulating hematopoiesis in primates (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a member of a family of growth factors, each of which supports the proliferation and development of hematopoietic precursors in culture. Although the biologic effects of the different hematopoietic growth factors have been well documented in different culture systems, it has only recently become possible to study the activities of these molecules in vivo. In comparison with the later acting hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-3 elicited a delayed and relatively modest leukocytosis when continuously infused intravenously in primates. The IL-3 infusion, however, greatly potentiated the responsiveness of the animal to subsequent administration of a low dose of GM-CSF. These results suggest that IL-3 expands an early cell population in vivo that subsequently requires the action of a later acting factor such as GM-CSF to complete its development. Optimal stimulation of hematopoiesis may be achieved with combinations of hematopoietic growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donahue, R E -- Seehra, J -- Metzger, M -- Lefebvre, D -- Rock, B -- Carbone, S -- Nathan, D G -- Garnick, M -- Sehgal, P K -- Laston, D -- RR00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1820-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3051378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis/*drug effects ; Interleukin-3/*pharmacology ; Leukocyte Count ; Macaca fascicularis ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A "selfish" B chromosome that enhances its transmission by eliminating the paternal genome (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: In the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, males are haploid and usually develop from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs. Some individuals in this species carry a genetic element, termed psr (paternal sex ratio), which is transmitted through sperm and causes condensation and subsequent loss of paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs, thus converting diploid females into haploid males. In this report the psr trait was shown to be caused by a supernumerary chromosome. This B chromosome contains at least three repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to each other or to the host genome. The psr chromosome apparently produces a trans-acting product responsible for condensation of the paternal chromosomes, but is itself insensitive to the effect. Because the psr chromosome enhances its transmission by eliminating the rest of the genome, it can be considered the most "selfish" genetic element yet described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nur, U -- Werren, J H -- Eickbush, D G -- Burke, W D -- Eickbush, T H -- GM31867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Satellite ; Diploidy ; Haploidy ; Hymenoptera/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Ratio ; Wasps/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Antisense RNA directed against the 3' noncoding region prevents dormant mRNA activation in mouse oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: Primary mouse oocytes contain untranslated stable messenger RNA for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). During meiotic maturation, this maternal mRNA undergoes a 3'-polyadenylation, is translated, and is degraded. Injections of maturing oocytes with different antisense RNA's complementary to both coding and noncoding portions of t-PA mRNA all selectively blocked t-PA synthesis. RNA blot analysis of t-PA mRNA in injected, matured oocytes suggested a cleavage of the RNA.RNA hybrid region, yielding a stable 5' portion, and an unstable 3' portion. In primary oocytes, the 3' noncoding region was susceptible to cleavage, while the other portions of the mRNA were blocked from hybrid formation until maturation occurred. Injection of antisense RNA complementary to 103 nucleotides of its extreme 3' untranslated region was sufficient to prevent the polyadenylation, translational activation, and destabilization of t-PA mRNA. These results demonstrate a critical role for the 3' noncoding region of a dormant mRNA in its translational recruitment during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strickland, S -- Huarte, J -- Belin, D -- Vassalli, A -- Rickles, R J -- Vassalli, J D -- HD-17875/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):680-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Poly A/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/*pharmacology ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Cryopreservation, culture, and transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into monkeys (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Two mechanisms for the extinction of gene expression in hybrid cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: When two different mammalian cell types are fused to generate a stable hybrid cell line, genes that are active in only one of the parents are frequently shut off, a phenomenon called extinction. In this study two distinct, complementary mechanisms for such extinction of growth hormone gene expression were identified. In hybrids formed by fusing fibroblasts to pituitary cells, pituitary-specific proteins that bind to the growth hormone promoter were absent. In addition, a negative regulatory element located near the rat growth hormone promoter was specifically activated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tripputi, P -- Guerin, S L -- Moore, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/genetics ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Hormone/*genetics ; Herpesviridae/genetics ; Hybrid Cells/*metabolism ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Restricted lateral diffusion of PH-20, a PI-anchored sperm membrane protein (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: The rate of lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins is constrained in cells, but the constraining factors for most membrane proteins have not been defined. PH-20, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg adhesion, was shown to be anchored in the plasma membrane by attachment to the lipid phosphatidylinositol and to have a diffusion rate that is highly restricted on testicular sperm, being more than a thousand times slower than lipid diffusion. These results support the hypothesis that lateral mobility of a membrane protein can be regulated exclusively by interactions of its ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phelps, B M -- Primakoff, P -- Koppel, D E -- Low, M G -- Myles, D G -- GM-23585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1780-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Diffusion ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/*physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Testis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Developmental regulation of two 5S ribosomal RNA genes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: The developmental regulation of two kinds of Xenopus 5S RNA genes (oocyte and somatic types) can be explained by differences in the stability of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions in a transcription complex that directs transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III. Dissociation of transcription factors from oocyte 5S RNA genes during development allows them to be repressed by chromatin assembly. In the same cells, somatic 5S RNA genes remain active because their transcription complexes are stable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolffe, A P -- Brown, D D -- GM22395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1626-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin ; DNA/physiology ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Oocytes/cytology/ultrastructure ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/*genetics ; Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Transcription Factor TFIIIB ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription Factors, TFIII ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Platelet-derived growth factor A chain is maternally encoded in Xenopus embryos (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: Transcription of zygotic genes does not occur in early Xenopus embryos until the mid-blastula transition, 6 to 7 hours after fertilization. Before this time, development is directed by maternal proteins and messenger RNAs stored within the egg. Two different forms of the A chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are shown here to be encoded by maternal messenger RNAs. The two forms closely resemble human PDGF; however, the long form contains a hydrophobic region near the carboxyl terminus. The presence of PDGF messenger RNA in the embryo supports the idea that endogenous growth factors act at the earliest stages of embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercola, M -- Melton, D A -- Stiles, C D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Gastrula/analysis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/analysis ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Xenopus laevis/*embryology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Translation in mammalian cells of a gene linked to the poliovirus 5' noncoding region (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: The central portion (region P) of the 742-nucleotide noncoding 5' end of poliovirus allows the RNA to initiate protein synthesis in the absence of the usual 5' 7-methylguanosine capping group. Poliovirus 5' noncoding region was fused to a reporter gene and transfected into cells. There was extensive augmentation of the expression of this gene by poliovirus-mediated inhibition of cap-dependent protein synthesis. That the construct initiated in a cap-independent manner was verified through in vitro experiments. Small lesions throughout region P blocked its initiation function, implying that a coherent functional unit, hundreds of nucleotides long, is responsible for cap-independent initiation by poliovirus RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trono, D -- Pelletier, J -- Sonenberg, N -- Baltimore, D -- AI 22346/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):445-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2839901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell-Free System ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Recombinant ; Poliovirus/*genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Caps ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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