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A field portable gas-exchange system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange rates of leaves during fumigation with SO2 (1986)

ATKINSON, C. J. ; WINNER, W. E. ; MOONEY, H. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A field portable, steady-state gas-exchange system which measures both CO2 and water vapour exchange of single intact leaves during fumigations with SO2 is described.Within the leaf cuvette temperature, light, humidity and both CO2 and SO2 concentrations are controlled to preset levels. Gas flow and concentrations are controlled by mass flow controllers. Photosynthetic uptake of CO2 can be determined either by differential depletion or null balance measurement. Water vapour exchange is measured differentially and transpiration and conductance to water vapour determined. Sulphur dioxide is measured directly within the cuvette exhaust gas line by UV-pulse fluorescence.The performance of this system under field conditions is described and the physiological measurements compared with those obtained with other systems.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1986.tb02103.x

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2

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Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals (1986)

Mooney, H. A. ; Hobbs, R. J. ; Gorham, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 555-558

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Serpentine ; Annuals ; Water-use ; Nitrogenuse ; Reproduction

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Mediterranean-climate annuals growing on serpentine soils in central California differ greatly in their life spans and reproductive periods dependent on their access to soil moisture. The longer-lived annuals accumulate a greater lifetime biomass, have a higher total, but lower proportional, reproductive output, and produce leaves with a higher C/N ratios at the time of reproduction.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379903

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3

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Tissue water relations of four co-occurring chaparral shrubs (1986)

Davis, S. D. ; Mooney, H. A.

Springer

Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 527-535

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Chaparral ; Osmotic potential ; Turgor ; Pressure-volume curve ; Dew-point hygrometry

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Chaparral shrubs of California have a suite of morphological and physiological adaptations to withstand the prolonged summer droughts of a mediterranean climate. Not all species of chaparral have the same rooting depth and there is some evidence that those with shallow roots have tissue that is most tolerant to water stress. We tested this notion by comparing the tissue water relations of four co-occurring chaparral shrubs: Quercus durata, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Adenostoma fasciculatum, and Rhamnus californica. We used a pressure-volume technique and a dew-point hygrometer to metsure seasonal changes in osmotic potential when plant tissue was fully hydrated and osmotic potential at predawn, midday, and the turgor loss point. We also calculated seasonal changes in the minimum daily turgor potential, saturated weight/dry weight ratio of leaf tissue, and the bulk modulus of elasticity. We had information on the seasonal water use patterns and apparent rooting depths of these same four shrubs from a previous study (Davis and Mooney 1986). All evidence indicated that Rhamnus had shallow roots and Quercus deep roots. Our results indicated that the tissue water relations of our four co-occurring chaparral shrubs were not alike. Even though Rhamnus had shallow roots, it had the least xerophytic tissue. Seasonal osmotic potential and saturated weight/dry weight ratios were relatively high and bulk modulus of elasticity and minimum daily turgor potentials were low. Furthermore, even though Quercus had deep roots and experienced no seasonal water stress at our study site, its tissue water relations indicated relatively high tolerance to water stress. We conclude that seasonal drought tolerance of stem and leaf tissue of co-occurring chaparral shrubs does not necessarily correspond to rooting depth, to soil moisture resources available to the shrub, or to the degree of seasonal water stress experienced by the shrub.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379899

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4

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Water use patterns of four co-occurring chaparral shrubs (1986)

Davis, S. D. ; Mooney, H. A.

Springer

Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 172-177

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Water use ; Root distribution ; Water potential predawn ; Leaf conductance ; Quercus durata ; Heteromeles arbutifolia ; Adenostoma fasciculatum ; Rhamnus californica

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Mixed stands of chaparral in California usually contain several species of shrubs growing close to each other so that aerial branches and subterranean roots overlap. There is some evidence that roots are stratified relative to depth. It may be that root stratification promotes sharing of soil moisture resources. We examined this possibility by comparing seasonal water use patterns in a mixed stand of chaparral dominated by four species of shrubs: Quercus durata, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Adenostoma fasciculatum, and Rhamnus californica. We used a neutron probe and soil phychrometers to follow seasonal depletion and recharging of soil moisture and compared these patterns to seasonal patterns of predawn water potentials, diurnal leaf conductances, and diurnal leaf water potentials. Our results indicated that 1) Quercus was deeply rooted, having high water potentials and high leaf conductances throughout the summer drought period, 2) Heteromeles/Adenostoma were intermediate in rooting depth, water potentials, and leaf conductances, and 3) Rhamnus was shallow rooted, having the lowest water potentials and leaf conductances. During the peak of the drought, predawn water potentials for Quercus corresponded to soil water potentials at or below a depth of 2 m, predawn water potentials of Heteromeles/ Adenostoma corresponded to a depth of 0.75 m, and predawn water potentials of Rhamnus corresponded to a depth of 0.5 m. This study supports the concept that co-occurring shrubs of chaparral in California utilize a different base of soil moisture resources.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379236

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5

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Responses of wild plants to nitrate availability (1989)

Garnier, E. ; Koch, G. W. ; Roy, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 542-550

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Bromus ; Relative growth rate ; Nitrate uptake ; Limiting external concentration ; Grasses

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Two annual species of Bromus, an invader (B. hordeaceus, ex B. mollis) and a non-invader (B. intermedius), were grown for 28 days in growth chambers, at 5 and 100 μM NO 3 - in flowing nutrient solution. No differences between the two species were observed at either NO 3 - level, in terms of relative growth rate (RGR) or its components, dry matter partitioning, specific NO 3 - absorption rate, nitrogen concentration, and other characteristics of NO 3 - uptake and photosynthesis. The effects of decreasing NO 3 - concentration in the solution were mainly to decrease the NO 3 - concentration in the plants through decreased absorption rate, and to decrease the leaf area ratio through increased specific leaf mass and decreased leaf mass ratio. Organic nitrogen concentration varied little between the two treatments, which may be the reason why photosynthetic rates were not altered. Consequently, RGR was only slightly decreased in the 5-μM treatment compared to the 100-μM treatment. This is in contrast with other species, where growth is reduced at much higher NO 3 - concentrations. These discrepancies may be related to differences in RGR, since a log-linear relationship was found between RGR and the NO 3 - concentration at which growth is first reduced. In addition, a strong linear relationship was found between the RGR of these species and their maximum absorption rate for nitrate, suggesting that the growth of species with low maximum RGR may be partly regulated by nutrient uptake.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378673

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6

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Resource sharing among ramets in the clonal herb, Fragaria chiloensis (1986)

Alpert, P. ; Mooney, H. A.

Springer

Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 227-233

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Resource sharing ; Carbohydrates ; Water ; Nitrogen ; Fragaria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The herbaceous perennial, Fragaria chiloensis, reproduces vegetatively on coastal sand dunes in California by growth of stolons that bear rosettes. Movement of water and photosynthates through stolons integrates water and carbon metabolism of rosettes both before and after they root. New, unrooted rosettes import sufficient water and nitrogen to maintain levels near those of established rosettes; yet support of an unrooted rosette did not decrease growth of a connected, rooted sibling given abundant light, water, and soil nutrients. Under such conditions strings of unrooted rosettes with the associated stolon appeared self-sufficient for carbon; shade and drought induced import of photosynthates. New rosettes produced and maintained a limited root mass upon contact with dry sand, which could increase probability of establishment. Rooting did not induce senescence of stolons. Connection between two established rosettes prevented death by drought and shade, even when neither rosette could have survived singly. Results suggest that physiological integration of connected rosettes may increase total growth of clones of F. chiloensis through sharing of resources among ramets, especially when resource availability is changeable or patchy.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379244

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7

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Community changes following shrub invasion of grassland (1986)

Hobbs, R. J. ; Mooney, H. A.

Springer

Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 508-513

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Grassland ; Invasion ; Herbivory ; Seed production ; Baccharis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary We studied the development of the shrub Baccharis pilularis ssp consanguinea and its effects on herbs of the annual grassland in Northern California. A series of shands of Baccharis was sampled of ages ranging from 1 yr to〉9 yr, representing most of the life cycle of the shrub. In each stand we examined shrub biomass, structure and litterfall. We also determined cover and biomass of all herbaceous species and estimated seed production, seed rain and storage of seed in the soil. Abundances of all herbaceous species declined greatly after Baccharis formed a closed canopy at 2–3 yr, and little seed of herbaceous species was either dispersed into shrub stands or stored in the soil. Exclosures suggested that herbivory by small mammals in the closed shrub stands may be important in reducing the abundance of herbaceous species following shrub invasion of grassland.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379896

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