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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 39 (1985), S. 245-253 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The threeAstarte species were studied in June 1983 at two sites in Kiel Bay, “Süderfahrt” and “Schleimünde”, at 20 m depth. Shell length to live wet weight correlations are given for all three species; forA. elliptica also shell-free dry weight, shell dry weight, ash-free dry weight of the soft body and ash-free dry weight of the shell are recorded as functions of the shell length. In the logarithmic length/weight regression analysis the coefficients of slope forA. elliptica andA. borealis are 3. ForA. montagui, that coefficient is significantly greater than 3. Weight conversion factors, calculated forA. elliptica, revealed a mean weight composition of 31.5 % water in the mantle cavity and tissue water, 64.5 % shell ash, 2.1 % organic content of shell, 1.7 % organic content of the soft body and 0.4 % ash of the soft body. An isometric growth of shell length and shell breadth is confirmed forA. borealis, whileA. montagui exhibits positive allometric shell growth and changes its shape during life.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 39 (1985), S. 341-356 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Early developmental stages of theAnemonia germ are characterized by asynchronously dividing nuclei and an extreme delay of blastomere differentiation. The nuclei migrate to the periphery, whereas nutritive substances remain in the interior. Following this stage, the appearance of cell boundaries results in the formation of the blastoderm and the simultaneous division of the yolk into many fragments. Most of them are exclusively filled with reserve material; only very few contain zooxanthellae or nuclei. On the embryo's surface, conically shaped bundles of long microvilli are obvious. They appear to be less regularly arranged than the spines of oocytes before insemination. Pigment granules that have originated from fusing Golgi vesicles are crowded peripherally in the blastoderm cells. In the nucleoplasm single annulate lamellae that seem to be cut off from the nuclear envelope can frequently be found. There is no further cellular differentiation until gastrulation is completed. Though yolk-containing cellular fragments occupy nearly the whole blastocoel, entoderm formation occurs by invagination. Ultrastructural observations provide evidence of the existence of interstices between entoderm cells that allow all nutritive substances to pass gradually into the gastric cavity. In the region of the blastoporus there are cellular processes enveloping reserve material. Presumably, these observations indicate a so-called “filtration of nutritive yolk” (Korschelt & Heider, 1909) that might represent an additional mode for the transfer of yolk-containing cellular fragments from blastocoel into gastrocoel.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 16 (1985), S. 167-187 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 68.30 ; 79.20 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-of-flight (TOF) diagnostics have been applied to study the interaction of CO2 laser pulses with multilayers of D2O, CH3OH, CH3F, CCl4, and C6H5CHO condensed on different substrates (Ge, Ag, SiO2). Maxwellian TOF distributions were fitted to the measured distributions. The TOF temperatures and the desorption yields show the same spectral features as do the respective ir absorption spectra. This indicates resonant heating by wavelength-dependent excitation of internal modes of the condensed molecules. Semilog plots of the desorption yield versus reciprocal TOF temperature exhibit Arrhenius behavior, as expected for a thermally activated process.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 55 (1985), S. 66-80 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: übersicht Die freien Schwingungen des parallel zum Schwerefeld der Erde hÄngenden Balkens (flexibles Pendel) werden durch die Schwerkraft entscheidend beeinflu\t. Da für das entsprechende Eigenwertproblem des Euler-Bernoulli-Balkens keine Lösungen in geschlossener Form bekannt sind, werden NÄherungslösungen für die unteren Eigenfrequenzen und Eigenformen mit Hilfe des Ritz-Galerkin-Verfahrens gesucht. Ein Vergleich zwischen den theoretisch und experimentell bestimmten modalen Daten für einen schweren Balken ergibt eine sehr gute übereinstimmung, wodurch die Notwendigkeit der Schwerkraftmodellierung und die Güte des NÄherungsverfahrens unterstützt werden. Bei vielen technischen Schwingungsproblemen wird einer der beiden Einflüsse von Schwerkraft und Biegemoment überwiegen. Daher erschien es nützlich, für das Eigenwertproblem weitere NÄherungslösungen zu bestimmen mit Hilfe der Methode der singulÄren Störung (herabhÄngendes Seil mit kleiner Biegesteifigkeit) bzw. mit Hilfe der regulÄren Störungsrechnung (Biegemomenteinflu\ überwiegt). Innerhalb eines weiten Bereiches der Störparameter stimmen die unteren Eigenfrequenzen recht gut überein mit den entsprechenden Ritz-Galerkinschen Lösungen.
    Notes: Summary For the free vibrations of a gravity-loaded clamped-free Euler-Bernoulli-beam (flexible pendulum) no exact analytical solutions are known in the literature. Approximate analytical closed-form solutions are determined by use of the Ritz-Galerkin method with gravity-free beam eigenfunctions in the series expansion. A comparison with experimentally obtained modal data on a heavy beam with strong gravity influence shows good agreement and justifies the necessity of modelling gravity effects. Since in many vibration problems of engineering one of both influences of gravity or flexural rigidity is dominating, further approximated solutions are determined by applying regular perturbation theory (influence of bending moment dominates) and singular perturbation theory by the method of the “matched asymptotic expansions” (influence of gravity dominates: heavy rope with small bending stiffness), which creates a boundary layer problem at the clamped end. Within a wide range of values of the perturbated parameters the lower eigenfrequencies agree well with the Ritz-Galerkin solutions.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 155-170 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Thunderstorm activity ; Sferics ; Lability index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of a three-month observational period (June–August 1981) during sunlit hours (9:00–15:00 GMT) with VLF sferics at the two stations Tel Aviv, Israel, and Pretoria, South Africa, are presented and compared with rainfall data for the European-African area, with two lability indices of thunderstorm prediction, and with synoptic thunderstorm reports for the same time interval. The locations of thunderstorm centers on the continents determined from the sferics stations compare reasonably well with the distribution of rainfall, indicating that the VLF sferics method is a useful measure of rainfall, particularly in remote regions with inadequate coverage of observing stations. The lability index of Showalter (1953) appears to be rather qualitative for the prediction of thunderstorm occurrence, and any fine structure in the distribution of thunderstorm centers as seen in the sferics data is lost. The same is true of the synoptic reports of thunderstorm days. A new lability index has been developed. This index leads to a more detailed structure of thunderstorm prediction, which is consistent with the sferics data.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 83 (1985), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase was localized on the cell membrane ofDictyostelium discoideum amebae and on isolated plasma membranes. The enzyme activity was specifically inhibited by 0.01 M KCN or cysteine. The same method could also be applied to baker's yeast and MDCK cells (dog kidney cells in vitro).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 83 (1985), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using pre- and post-embedding procedures, neuron-specific enolase and calcitonin were localized in rat thyroid parafollicular cells by light and electron microscopy. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), biotin-avidin (ABC) and protein A — colloidal gold techniques were used. In paraffin sections neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in all calcitonin-storing parafollicular cells in rats aging 1 to 180 days. The post-embedding procedure failed to detect neuron-specific enolase in ultrathin sections, but the enzyme could be demonstrated using a preembedding procedure. Neuron-specific enolase was localized exclusively within the cytosol of parafollicular cells, while calcitonin was localized within secretory granules applying either post- or pre-embedding incubation techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the invariant (Ii) chain associated with the mouse immune response antigens (la) was determined by Southern blot analysis of DNA from a panel of mouse x Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids cleaved with Hind III or Eco RI. Using a mouse Ii cDNA as a hybridization probe, we localized the gene coding for the invariant chain to mouse chromosome 18.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We measured mass losses of both buried and surface litter of six litter types: leaves of the perennial evergreen shrub, Larrea tridentata, leaves of the winter deciduous perennials Fluorensia cernua, Prosopis glandulosa and Chilopsis linearis (a desert riparian species), an evergreen monocot, Yucca elata, and a mixture of annual plants. These species differed in lignin content and carbon-nitrogen ratios. There was no correlation between rates of mass loss and percent lignin, carbon-nitrogen ratio, or lignin-nitrogen ratio. The leaves of F. cernua and the mixed annuals exhibited the highest rates of mass loss. Surface litter of Y. elata, the mixed annuals and C. linearis exhibited higher mass loss than buried litter of the same species. The patterns of mass loss of buried and surface litter differed with buried litter mass loss occurring as a negative exponential and surface litter exhibiting low rates in winter and spring and high rates in summer. There was no correlation between mass loss in surface bags that were field exposed for 1 month and actual evapotranspiration (AET) but there was a correlation between AET and mass losses in buried litter. A model relating mass loss to AET and initial lignin content underestimated mass losses in all species examined.
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