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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (127)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (28)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (155)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1983  (155)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (155)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the principle of equal reactivity in solution polycondensation (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the degree of polymerization of oligomers (1 ≤ l ≤ 50) on the reactivity of the OH endgroups is exemplified by the reaction of oligoterephthalates of phenolphthalein with benzoyl chloride under ϑ-conditions. It is found that with increasing chain length l the hydroxyl group activity increases according to an S-form law. It is suggested that the ester groups of the macromolecule influence the activity of the OH endgroups due to solvation effects. This suggestion is confirmed theoretically and experimentally.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed emulsion polymerization and copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of tert-dodecyl mercaptan as chain transfer agent (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik und die Topochemie der Emulsionspolymerisation von Styren oder dessen Copolymerisation mit Acrylnitril in Gegenwart von Polybutadien-Saatlatex und von tert. Dodecylmercaptan (TDM) als Kettenlängenregler werden hauptsächlich durch zwei Faktoren bestimmt: Die Wechselwirkung des TDM mit dem Initiator (Kaliumpersulfat), die zu einer Erhöhung der Initiierungsgeschwindigkeit führt, sowie die Möglichkeit des Austritts von Radikalen aus den Micellen und Teilchen infolge der Kettenübertragungsschritte. Letzterer Faktor ist der vorherrschende, da in der Mehrzahl der Fälle die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit mit steigender TDM-Konzentration abnimmt. Die Durchführung des Prozesses nur an den Saatteilchen ermöglicht eine Erhöhung der Effektivität der Pfropfung von Monomeren auf das Polybutadien bei gleichzeitiger Regulierung der Molmasse des ungepfropften Polymers in der gewünschten Höhe.
    Notes: Kinetics and topochemistry of emulsion polymerization of styrene or its copolymerization with acrylonitrile in the presence of seed polybutadiene latex and tert-dodecyl mercaptan (TDM) as a molecular weight controller depend upon two basic factors: reaction of TDM and potassium persulphate as initiator increasing initiation rate and a possibility of radical output from micelles and particles as a result of chain transfer acts. The latter predominates because in the majority of cases the process rate decreases when concentration of TDM increases. When polymerization is carried out without the formation of new particles it allows to increase the efficiency of monomer grafting on polybutadiene. Simultaneously the molecular weight of the non-grafted polymer is controlled on the preset level.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conversions of polymers with macroheterocycles in the chain (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2675-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal conversion of polyhexazocyclanes and compound modeling the fragments of polymers were explored within 300-600°C under vacuum (10-5 torr) and in water vapor. At temperatures below 450°C, the hydrolytic degradation plays a key role in the thermal degradation of polyhexazocyclanes. At a higher temperature, the homolytic processes prevail, water, strongly retained by the macroheterocycle, is most important in the hydrolysis process. It was shown that the increase in the thermohydrolytic stability of polymers with the system of condensed cycles in the macroheterocycles and that of polyhexazocyclanes modified by polymer analogous conversion at the secondary amino groups of the isoindole cycle was caused by the absence of bound water.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210906
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the polycyclotrimerization of aryl cyanates with ZnCl2 (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mittels Kalorimetrie wurde die Kinetik der Cyclotrimerisierung von Mono- und Diarylcyanaten in Gegenwart von ZnCl2 in Masse sowie in Nitrobenzen und Ditolylmethan untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Reaktion beschleunigt verläuft. Die Reaktionsordnung für das Monomer und den Katalysator sowie die Aktivierungsparameter wurden ermittelt. Die Beschleunigung der Cyclotrimerisierung der Arylcyanate durch ZnCl2 ist auf den Umbau der Koordinationssphäre des Zinks zurückzuführen.
    Notes: The kinetics of cyclotrimerization of mono- and diarylcyanates in the presence of ZnCl2 in substance as well as in nitrobenzene and ditolylmethane has been investigated. The reaction was found to be accelerated. The order of reaction of the monomer and catalyst were determined. The acceleration of the cyclotrimerization of arylcyanates by ZnCl2 is caused by rearrangement of the coordination sphere of Zn.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010341111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and investigation of the properties of cardo-copolyimides with different microstructure (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 235-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolyimides, their microstructure being determined by the method of synthesis, were prepared by copolycondensation of 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (1a), 4,4′-carbonyldipthalic anhydride (1b), or 1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride with a mixture of two diamines, hexa-, octa-, or dodecamethylene diamine (5a, 6a, 7a) and cardo-diamines 9,9-bis(4′-aminophenyl)fluorene (3a) and 3,3-bis(4′-aminophenyl)phthalide (4) or two aromatic diamines, 4,4′-oxydianiline (9) and 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane (8), at various mole ratios of the comonomers. Blockcopolyimides with five-membered imide cycles were formed by catalytic imidization of the intermediate polymers prepared by addition of the solid dianhydride to a solution of the mixture of the two diamines, whereas the thermal cyclization of such polymers and the one-step high-temperature synthesis led to random copolyimides. The thermal and mechanical properties of the copolyimides with various microstructure and their solubility in organic solvents were compared.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and investigation of the properties of cardo-copolyimides with different microstructure (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 893-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840422
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Mechanismus der Plastifizierung Kristallisierender Polymere (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanism of plasticization of soluble additives in crystallizing polymers in isotropic and oriented states is considered. The importance of the low molecular weight component for the polymer structure formation process and in the resulting material is analyzed. The structural, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the plasticizing action are discussed.
    Notes: Der Mechanismus der Weichmacherwirkung löslicher Zusätze in kristallisierenden Polymeren im isotropen und orientierten Zustand wird untersucht. Dabei wird die Rolle der niedermolekularen Komponente während der Strukturbildung des Polymers und im fertigen Material analysiert. Weiterhin werden strukturelle, thermodynamische und kinetische Aspekte der Weichmacherwirkung diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigation of the polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The initial stages of the melt polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene at 250°C were investigated by transmission electron microscopy using a specially designed technique of sample preparation that allowed to recognize individual macromolecules of polydichlorophosphazene. The large spherical particles observed indicate high chain propagation rate. At different periods of polymerization time, extending from 0.5 to 3 h, the electron micrographs reveal macromolecules being characterized by a wide region of diameters (10 to ≍ 100 nm). Further, the fracture surface of polydichlorophosphazene blocks obtained by polymerization for 50 h at 250°C were investigated by electron scanning microscopy using two different techniques.
    Notes: Mittels der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und einer speziell erarbeiteten Methodik der Probenpräparation, welche die Beobachtung einzelner Polydichlorphosphazenmakromoleküle ermöglicht, wurden die Anfangsstadien der Schmelzepolymerisation von Hexachlorcyclotriphosphazen bei 250°C untersucht. Es wurden große kugelförmige Teilchen nachgewiesen, die von einer hohen Kettenwachstumsgeschwindigkeit zeugen. Im gesamten untersuchten Bereich der Polymerisationszeiten von 0,5 bis 3 h erscheinen auf den elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen Makromoleküle in einem breiten Durchmesserbereich (10 bis ≍ 100 nm). Ferner wurden rasterelektronenmikroskopische. Aufnahmen der Bruchflächen von Polydichlorphosphazenblöcken nach 50stündiger Polymerisation bei 250°C nach zwei Verfahren untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340906
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the kinetics of anionic copolymerization of ε-caprolactam and ω-dodecalactam (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 727-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Kinetik der anionischen Copolymerisation von ε-Caprolactam und ω-Dodecalactam wird diskutiert. Die Temperaturbereiche der Copolymerisation mit bzw. ohne gleichzeitige Kristallisation der Copolyamide werden bestimmt. Die Enthalpie der Copolymerisation wird berechnet. Jedes Monomer trägt additiv zum summarischen Wärmeeffekt der Copolymerisation bei. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Copolymerzusammensetzung aus den Wämeeffekten unter Berücksichtigung der Kristallisationswärme vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: The kinetics of the anionic copolymerization of ε-caprolactam and ω-dodecalactam is discussed. The temperature regions of copolymerization with and without simultaneously occuring crystallization are determined. The enthalpy of copolymerization is calculated. The heat effect of each monomer was found to contribute additively to the overall heat of copolymerization. Based on the results obtained a method for determining the copolymer composition from the heat effects is proposed, considering the effects of crystallization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010341112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligomerization of styrene over molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina catalyst (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2133-2144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Styrene was found to yield saturated and unsaturated linear oligomers in the presence of a surface-supported catalyst, molybdenum oxide on silica-alumina. The reaction rates, the structure, and the molecular weight distribution of the products were found to be controlled by the choice of the solvent. Higher-molecular-weight fractions were favored in isooctane, whereas low-molecular-weight oligomers were preferred in dioxane. The reaction followed first-order kinetics with respect to the monomer. End-group analysis suggests a probable cationic mechanism. Approximate transfer constants KtrKp were deduced from product distribution data. The behavior of the surface-supported catalyst was compared with other cationic catalyst systems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210722
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