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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (14)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1987  (11)
  • 1983  (8)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The breeding scheme is represented in Fig. 1. A hybrid was obtained between the donor and the bridge species, which was male sterile, probably due to the lack of homology between the genome complements of its progenitors. The meiosis of this hybrid was irregular and the egg cells generated ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The methods for incorporating quin2 into intact cells and using its fluorescence to monitor [Ca2*! have been detailed elsewhere, together with evidence that the trapped indicator is largely confined to the cytoplasm and measures cytoplasmic free calcium17'18. Shape-change and aggregation were ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 368-371 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A 992-base pair (bp) fragment from the Syrian hamster preproglucagon cDNA2, which included the 540-bp coding region, and 28 bp of the 5'-untranslated region and 424 bp of the 3'-untranslated region, was hybridized to EcoRl digests of human and hamster DNA using conditions which stabilize ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 294-294 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-In Nature's special issue about "Science in Iberia" the following statement appears (324, 318; 1986): "Astronomy appears to be a major disappointment. Despite access to the superb international facilities in the Canary Islands, very few Spanish papers appear in top journals." This declaration ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Extensive high sensitivity observations of the cosmic microwave background have been made on an angular scale of 8° covering a substantial fraction of the northern sky. An observed anisotropy in the sky emission at a level of δT/T = 3.7×l0–5 has ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diese Untersuchung befaßt sich mit einigen kinetischen Merkmalen der Reaktion von n-Butylisocyanat mit Polyvinylalkohol ohne jeden Katalysator und unter Verwendung von Triethylendiamin als Katalysator. Die Struktur der resultierenden Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR-, 1H-, und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und chemischer Analyse ermittelt. Es wurden Vinylalkohol-Vinylbutylurethancopolymere (VAL-VBU) erhalten. Es ergab sich eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Polymer-, n-Butylisocyanat- und Triethylendiaminkonzentration. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante nimmt mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit ab. Das kann mit der sterischen Hinderung durch die Urethangruppen, die entlang der Polymerkette eingebaut sind, erklärt werden. Die Aktivierungsenergie ergab sich zu 49,9 kJ/mol. Eine kinetische Untersuchung der homogenen Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren wurde durchgefilhrt als Funktion der Basenkonzentration, der Temperatur und des VBU Gehalts. Es zeigte sich, daß die homogene Hydrolyse als Reaktion 1 . Ordnung verliluft, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Hydroxylionen als auch auf den VBU-Gehalt. Die Aktivierungsenergie filr die basenkatalysierte Hydrolyse betragt 79,3 kJ/mol. Die heterogene Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren im basischen Medium zeigte, daß keine Hydrolyse unter diesen Bedingungen stattfand.
    Notes: This study is concerned with some kinetic features of the reaction of n-butyl isocyanate with poly(vinyl alcohol) without any catalyst and using triethylene diamine as catalyst. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Vinyl alcohol-vinyl butyl urethane (VAL-VBU) copolymers were obtained. It has been found a linear dependence of reaction rate on polymer, n-butyl isocyanate, and triethylene diamine concentrations. Reaction rate constant decreases as reaction time increases. It can be explained by steric hindrance phenomena due to urethane groups incorporated along the polymeric chain. The activation energy was found to be 49.9 kJ/mol. A kinetic study of the homogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers has been made as a function of the base concentration, the temperature, and the VBU content. The homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be first order with respect to both hydroxyl ion and VBU contents. The activation energy for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be 79.3 kJ/mol. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers in basic medium showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 903-925 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Even when each atom of a 2n-center cluster or molecule only brings one active electron in one atomic orbital, the size of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian matrix increases as C2nn. Simple truncations of this matrix would result in size consistence defects, as evident from the isomorphism between Heisenberg and configuration interaction (CI) matrices. Geometry-dependent Heisenberg Hamiltonians derived from accurate ab initio calculations on the two-center systems have proved to be very efficient for conjugated hydrocarbons and for alkali metals; in order to apply this approach to intermediate size systems (10-20 centers), a rational procedure is proposed consisting of the selection of a truncated set of determinants (of low energy) and a dressing of the truncated Hamiltonian matrix under the perturbation of the other determinants. The second order dressing is analogous to a so-called “shift Bk procedure” or Generalized Degenerate Perturbation theory and is weakly dependent on an E0 parameter. Tests performed on various 8- and 10-atom systems show the accuracy of the procedure. An iterative selection of the truncated basis set and proper choices of the E0 values allow one to obtain the whole lower part of the spectrum. The calculated geometries are satisfactory. Some preliminary applications are reported concerning the C12H14 dodecahexene linear chain, perfectly fitting with previous extrapolations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 815-818 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steric Control in the Reaction of Substituted 2-Norbornyl CationsThe reaction of camphenilone (1b) with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) yields 7,7-dimethyl-1,exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4b) (60%). 6,6-Dimethyl-2-norbornanone (1c) affords under the same conditions 6,6-dimethyl-2-norbornen-2-yl triflate (5c) (70%). The reaction pathways of the intermediate 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornyl cations are mostly controlled by steric factors, the inductive effect playing no significant role.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2831-2838 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The modification reaction of dextran with butyl isocyanate using 1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane as catalyst was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on the concentrations of polymer, butyl isocyanate and catalyst was found. The activation energy was found to be 38,5 kJ/mol (9,2 kcal/mol). The homogeneous hydrolysis in alkaline medium was found to be first order with respect to both the base and the butyl urethane concentrations. The activation energy, obtained for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis, was 83,7 kJ/mol (20,0 kcal/mol). The heterogeneous hydrolysis of a water insoluble modified dextran (degree of substitution = 0,72) showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of nine poly(N-n-alkylmaleimide)s (PMIs) with the n-alkyl side chain ranging in length from ethyl to octadecyl and including only the even members of the series was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from 100 K to above the glass transition temperature. The nine members of the PMI series generally were found to exhibit a glass transition temperature (Tg), a sub-glass transition temperature (sub-Tg = Tγ), and, but only the four higher homologs a melting point (Tm) with the respective melting enthalpy (ΔHf). The glass transition of the amorphous members is directly related to the number of methylene groups (including terminal methyl) of the n-alkyl side chain of the repeating unit. The values of Tg estimated according to a semi-empirical equation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The melting points of the members of the series presenting crystallinity in the n-alkyl side chain were analyzed. A good fit of a Garner plot by a least-mean-squares procedure is obtained with T0m = 408,0K, a = -6,26 and b = -2,03. The contribution to the heat of melting per methylene unit clearly demonstrates that the hexagonal paraffin crystal structure is present in the crystalline members, in agreement with X-ray data. The data when analyzed by Jordan′s procedure show that only part of the n-alkyl side chain is forming a crystal lattice.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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