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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Policy sciences 15 (1982), S. 23-45 
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A common view of the energy problem holds that what is at stake in most energy policy debates are questions of fact that are in principle susceptible to resolution by objective, scientific research. It is argued in this paper that this view is misguided, and that underlying many of the factual issues apparently in dispute are differences at the framework level, that is differences in basic presuppositions and the patterns of thinking employed. By means of an examination of the debate over soft and hard energy paths, it will be argued that framework differences are fundamental to that debate and that such differences are not susceptible to factual resolution. As a result, the debate has taken on the character of a ritualized performance, as each side strives to convince, not their opponents, but policymakers of the rightness of their opinion. Some of the implications of these findings for energy policymaking are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 81 (1982), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study was made of the time development for 31 simple sunspots. The growth and decay rates varied between spots, but were approximately constant during the lifetime of individual, relatively shortlived spots. Long-lived spots showed oscillations in umbral size, with periods of three to five days. Occasionally, rapid changes in the spot size were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 38 (1982), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Use of the Giemsa-11 procedure for the localization of heterochromatic regions of human chromosomes and for differentiation of primate and rodent chromosomes has been somewhat limited since its discovery in 1972. An adaptation of this technique to the cytogenetic characterization of hematologic specimens has aided in the interpretation of translocations, deletions, and inversions involving human chromosome 9. The chromosomal analyses of 10% of over 100 patients, principally leukemic, were aided through the use of this auxiliary procedure. The diseases of these patients are given and portions of karyotypes are presented to show clarification of abnormalities made possible through the use of the Giemsa-11 technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 259-265 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Amyloplast ; Chloroplast development ; Hordeum ; Starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segments of 7-d low light-grown barley laminae cut at 0.5 cm intervals up from the intercalary meristem were examined ultrastructurally and biochemically. The different regions upwards showed the succession of plastid development in light-grown tissues of eoplasts, amyloplasts, amoeboid, immature and mature plastids as described by Whatley (1977). Semi-crystalline bodies were detected in all of them. The eoplast-amyloplast regions are characterised by a greater proportion of mitochondria and high levels of ATP and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, together with low levels of inorganic phosphate conducive to the activation of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase. The amoeboid and immature plastid regions have higher levels of inhibitory phosphate and starch breakdown may be responsible for the release of metabolites and energy for development. Segments containing amoeboid and immature plastids also have reduced levels of ATP (and 3-phosphoglyceric acid) as photosynthetic components are synthesised. Using ultrastructural assessments of areas of thylakoids, first β-carotene and violaxanthin, followed by chlorophyll a and lutein and, lastly, chlorophyll b are concentrated in the developing lamellar systems of the immature and mature chloroplasts. The formation of additional membraneous material which spreads these pigment systems over a greater thylakoid area within the plastids is the final stage of plastid morphogenesis in low light-grown seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 1 (1982), S. 197-198 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Short-term pulse-chase studies using radioactive L-proline on carrot tissue support the classical endomembrane route for secretory proteins. Labelled hydroxyproline residues were first detectable in fractions containing the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after a 5 min pulse. Upon chase-out this fraction looses and, initially, the Golgi apparatus (GA) fraction gains radioactivity. Unlike ER and GA fractions which show chase-out characteristics a plasma membrane (PM) containing-fraction reveals retention of some of the radioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabinogalactan protein ; Daucus ; Extensin ; Glycoprotein synthesis, transport ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isopycnic sucrose density gradients of homogenates from carrot root tissue were analyzed radiochromatographically, radiochemically, and photometrically for the presence of hydroxyproline residues. Significant amounts were found in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (GA) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions as designated by the presence of marker enzymes for these membranes. Some hydroxyproline-containing macromolecules could be detected in the soluble cytoplasm (cytosol) but this was interpreted as an artefact due to homogenization. Hydroxyproline-rich polymers can be released from a mixed ER/PM fraction by freezing and thawing in water. The PM-associated hydroxyproline polymer is suggested to be an arabinogalactan protein rather than cell wall extensin. Nevertheless, the polypeptides of both glycoproteins are considered as being synthesized at the ER and transported via the GA to the PM.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 85 (1982), S. 129-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Let (ℳ, τ, ω) denote aW*-algebra ℳ, a semigroupt〉0↦τ t of linear maps of ℳ into ℳ, and a faithful τ-invariant normal state ω over ℳ. We assume that τ is strongly positive in the sense that $$\tau _t (A^ * A) \geqq \tau _t (A)^ * \tau _t (A)$$ for allA∈ℳ andt〉0. Therefore one can define a contraction semigroupT on ℋ= $$\overline {\mathcal{M}\Omega } $$ by $$T_t A\Omega = \tau _t (A)\Omega ,{\rm A} \in \mathcal{M},$$ where Ω is the cyclic and separating vector associated with ω. We prove 1. the fixed points ℳ(τ) of τ are given by ℳ(τ)=ℳ∩T′=ℳ∩E′, whereE is the orthogonal projection onto the subspace ofT-invariant vectors, 2. the state ω has a unique decomposition into τ-ergodic states if, and only if, ℳ(τ) or {ℳυE}′ is abelian or, equivalently, if (ℳ, τ, ω) is ℝ-abelian, 3. the state ω is τ-ergodic if, and only if, ℳυE is irreducible or if $$\mathop {\inf }\limits_{\omega '' \in Co\omega 'o\tau } \left\| {\omega '' - \omega '} \right\| = 0$$ for all normal states ω′ where Coω′°τ denotes the convex hull of {ω′°τ t } t〉0. Subsequently we assume that τ is 2-positive,T is normal, andT* t ℳ+Ω $$ \subseteqq \overline {\mathcal{M}_ + \Omega } $$ , and then prove 4. there exists a strongly positive semigroup |τ| which commutes with τ and is determined by $$\left| \tau \right|_t \left( A \right)\Omega = \left| {T_t } \right|A\Omega ,$$ 5. results similar to 1 and 2 apply to |τ| but the τ-invariant state ω is |τ|-ergodic if, and only if, $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } \left\| {\omega 'o\tau _t - \omega } \right\| = 0$$ for all normal states ω′.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 81 (1982), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Two diamond bearing xenoliths found at Finsch Mine are coarse garnet lherzolites, texturally and chemically similar to the dominant mantle xenoliths in that kimberlite. A total of 46 diamonds weighing 0.053 carats have been recovered from one and 53 diamonds weighing 0.332 carats from the other. The diamonds are less corroded than diamonds recovered from the kimberlite. Geothermobarometric calculations indicate that the xenoliths equilibrated at ∼1,130° C and pressures 50 kb which is within the diamond stability field; this corresponds to depths of 160 km and would place the rocks on a shield geotherm at slightly greater depths than most coarse garnet lherzolites from kimberlite. The primary minerals in the two rocks are very similar to each other but distinctly different to the majority of mineral inclusions in Finsch diamonds. This suggests a different origin for the diamonds in the kimberlite and the diamonds in the xenoliths although the equilibration conditions for both suites are approximately coincident and close to the “wet” peridotite solidus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 46 (1982), S. 53-66 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The vestibulo-ocular reflex rotates the eye about the axis of a head rotation at the same speed but in the opposite direction to make the visual axes in space independent of head motion. This reflex works in all three degrees of freedom: roll, pitch, and yaw. The rotations may be described by vectors and the reflex by a transformation in the form of a matrix. The reflex consists of three parts: sensory, central, and motor. The transduction of head rotation into three neural signals, which may also be described by a vector, is described by a canal matrix. The neural, motorcommand vector is transformed to an eye rotation by a muscle matrix. Since these two matrices are known, one can solve for the central matrix which gives the strength of the connections between all the vestibular neurons and all the eye-muscle motoneurons. The role of the metric tensor in these transformations is described. This method of analysis is used in three applications. A lesion may be simulated by altering the elements in any or all of the three component matrices. By matrix multiplication, the resulting abnormal behavior of the reflex can be described quantitatively in all degrees of freedom. The method is also used to directly compare the differences in brain-stem connections between humans and rabbits that accommodate the altered actions of the muscles of the two species. Finally the method allows a quantitative assessment of the changes that take place in the brainstem connections when plastic changes are induced by artificially dissociating head movements from apparent motion of the visual environment.
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