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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 9 (1968), S. 327-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the algebraic formulation the thermodynamic pressure, or free energy, of a spin system is a convex continuous functionP defined on a Banach space $$\mathfrak{B}$$ of translationally invariant interactions. We prove that each tangent functional to the graph ofP defines a set of translationally invariant thermodynamic expectation values. More precisely each tangent functional defines a translationally invariant state over a suitably chosen algebra $$\mathfrak{A}$$ of observables, i. e., an equilibrium state. Properties of the set of equilibrium states are analysed and it is shown that they form a dense set in the set of all invariant states over $$\mathfrak{A}$$ . With suitable restrictions on the interactions, each equilibrium state is invariant under time-translations and satisfies the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger boundary condition. Finally we demonstrate that the mean entropy is invariant under time-translations.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 85 (1982), S. 129-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Let (ℳ, τ, ω) denote aW*-algebra ℳ, a semigroupt〉0↦τ t of linear maps of ℳ into ℳ, and a faithful τ-invariant normal state ω over ℳ. We assume that τ is strongly positive in the sense that $$\tau _t (A^ * A) \geqq \tau _t (A)^ * \tau _t (A)$$ for allA∈ℳ andt〉0. Therefore one can define a contraction semigroupT on ℋ= $$\overline {\mathcal{M}\Omega } $$ by $$T_t A\Omega = \tau _t (A)\Omega ,{\rm A} \in \mathcal{M},$$ where Ω is the cyclic and separating vector associated with ω. We prove 1. the fixed points ℳ(τ) of τ are given by ℳ(τ)=ℳ∩T′=ℳ∩E′, whereE is the orthogonal projection onto the subspace ofT-invariant vectors, 2. the state ω has a unique decomposition into τ-ergodic states if, and only if, ℳ(τ) or {ℳυE}′ is abelian or, equivalently, if (ℳ, τ, ω) is ℝ-abelian, 3. the state ω is τ-ergodic if, and only if, ℳυE is irreducible or if $$\mathop {\inf }\limits_{\omega '' \in Co\omega 'o\tau } \left\| {\omega '' - \omega '} \right\| = 0$$ for all normal states ω′ where Coω′°τ denotes the convex hull of {ω′°τ t } t〉0. Subsequently we assume that τ is 2-positive,T is normal, andT* t ℳ+Ω $$ \subseteqq \overline {\mathcal{M}_ + \Omega } $$ , and then prove 4. there exists a strongly positive semigroup |τ| which commutes with τ and is determined by $$\left| \tau \right|_t \left( A \right)\Omega = \left| {T_t } \right|A\Omega ,$$ 5. results similar to 1 and 2 apply to |τ| but the τ-invariant state ω is |τ|-ergodic if, and only if, $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } \left\| {\omega 'o\tau _t - \omega } \right\| = 0$$ for all normal states ω′.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calculus of variations and partial differential equations 8 (1999), S. 327-363 
    ISSN: 1432-0835
    Keywords: AMS Subject Classification (1991):35J15, 35K05, 22E30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Let G be a connected Lie group with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and $a_1,\ldots,a_{d'}$ an algebraic basis of $\mathfrak{g}$ . Further let $A_i$ denote the generators of left translations, acting on the $L_p$ -spaces $L_p(G\,;dg)$ formed with left Haar measure dg, in the directions $a_i$ . We consider second-order operators \[ H=-\sum_{i,j=1}^{d'} A_i \, c_{ij} \, A_j + \sum_{i=1}^{d'} (c_i \, A_i + A_i \, c'_i) + c_0 \, I \] corresponding to a quadratic form with complex coefficients $c_{ij}$ , $c_{i}$ , $c'_{i}$ , $c_{0}\in L_{\infty}$ . The principal coefficients $c_{ij}$ are assumed to be Hölder continuous and the matrix $C=(c_{ij})$ is assumed to satisfy the (sub)ellipticity condition \[ \mathfrak{R} C = 2^{-1}\Big(C+C^*\Big)\geq \mu I〉0 \] uniformly over G. We discuss the hierarchy relating smoothness properties of the coefficients of H with smoothness of the kernel. Moreover, we establish Gaussian type bounds for the kernel and its derivatives. Similar theorems are proved for operators \[ H'=-\sum_{i,j=1}^{d'} c_{ij} \, A_i \, A_j + \sum_{i=1}^{d'} c_i \, A_i + c_0 \, I \] in nondivergence form for which the principal coefficients are at least once differentiable.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 14 (1969), S. 235-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A classification of all translationally invariant states over the algebra of anticommutation relations which satisfy criteria of finite mean density, finite mean kinetic energy, and finite mean entropy is given. It is demonstrated that these concepts can be discussed in terms of affine, semi-continuous, functionals which respect the barycentric decompositions of invariant states. Many other pertinent results, both local and global, are derived.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 2 (1966), S. 108-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider, in the framework of local field theory with translation symmetry, automorphisms connected with locally conserved currents. We show that such automorphisms lead to symmetries, i.e. are implementable by unitary operators, whenever the smallest mass in the theory is non-zero. Therefore we conclude that a “spontaneously broken symmetry” is possible only in the event that the smallest mass is zero. This establishes the theorem first conjectured byGoldstone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 42 (1975), S. 253-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study unbounded derivations ofC*-algebras and characterize those which generate one-parameter groups of automorphisms. We also develop a functional calculus for the domains of closed derivations and develop criteria for closeability. Some specialC*-algebras are considered $$\mathfrak{B}\mathbb{C}(\mathfrak{H}),\mathfrak{B}(\mathfrak{H})$$ , UHF algebras, and in this last context we prove the existence of non-closeable derivations.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 59 (1978), S. 167-196 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For automorphism groups of operator algebras we show how properties of the difference ‖α t − α' t ‖ are reflected in relations between the generators δα, δ′α. Indeed for a von Neumann algebraM with separable predual we show that if ‖αt − α't‖ ≦ 0.28 for smallt, then δα = γ0(δ′α+δ′)°γ-1 where γ is an inner automorphism ofM and δ is a bounded derivation ofM. If the difference ‖α t − α' t ‖=O(t) ast →; 0, then δα = δ′α + δ and if ‖α t − α' t ‖ ≦ 0.28 for allt then δα=. We prove analogous results for unitary groups on a Hilbert space andC 0,C 0 * groups on a Banach space.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 6 (1967), S. 101-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study pairs { $$\mathfrak{A}$$ , α} for which $$\mathfrak{A}$$ is aC*-algebra and α is a homomorphism of a locally compact, non-compact groupG into the group of *-automorphisms of $$\mathfrak{A}$$ . We examine, especially, those systems { $$\mathfrak{A}$$ , α} which are (weakly) asymptotically abelian with respect to their invariant states (i.e. 〈Φ |A α g (B) — α g (B)A〉 → 0 asg → ∞ for those states Φ such that Φ(α g (A)) = Φ(A) for allg inG andA in $$\mathfrak{A}$$ ). For concrete systems (those with $$\mathfrak{A}$$ -acting on a Hilbert space andg → α g implemented by a unitary representationg →U g on this space) we prove, among other results, that the operators commuting with $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and {U g } form a commuting family when there is a vector cyclic under $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and invariant under {U g }. We characterize the extremal invariant states, in this case, in terms of “weak clustering” properties and also in terms of “factor” and “irreducibility” properties of { $$\mathfrak{A}$$ ,U g }. Specializing to amenable groups, we describe “operator means” arising from invariant group means; and we study systems which are “asymptotically abelian in mean”. Our interest in these structures resides in their appearance in the “infinite system” approach to quantum statistical mechanics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 6 (1967), S. 151-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamic limit of a quantum spin system is considered. It is demonstrated that for a large class of interactions and a wide range of the thermodynamic parameters the equilibrium state of the system is describable by an extremalZ v -invariant state (a single phase state) over aC* algebra of local observables. It is further shown that the equilibrium state may be obtained as the solution of a variational problem involving the mean entropy. These results extend results previously obtained for classical spin systems byGallavotti, Miracle-Sole andRuelle.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 64 (1978), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We prove that ground states of quantum spin systems are characterized by a principle of minimum local energy and that translationally invariant ground states are characterized by the principle of minimum energy per unit volume.
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