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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (63)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (63)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1976  (63)
  • 1
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    Dip coating process: Silicon sheet growth development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the low-cost silicon solar array project (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The technical and economic feasibility of producing solar cell quality sheet silicon by dip-coating one surface of carbonized ceramic substrates with a thin layer of large grain polycrystalline silicon was investigated. The dip-coating methods studied were directed toward a minimum cost process with the ultimate objective of producing solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 10% or greater. The technique shows excellent promise for low cost, labor-saving, scale-up potentialities and would provide an end product of sheet silicon with a rigid and strong supportive backing. An experimental dip-coating facility was designed and constructed, several substrates were successfully dip-coated with areas as large as 25 sq cm and thicknesses of 12 micron to 250 micron. There appears to be no serious limitation on the area of a substrate that could be coated. Of the various substrate materials dip-coated, mullite appears to best satisfy the requirement of the program. An inexpensive process was developed for producing mullite in the desired geometry.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-149242 , ERDA/JPL-954356-76/2 , AR-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Experiments to evaluate high-temperature rolling as a low-cost process for silicon solar cells (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mechanical rolling (a process used in industry for producing large quantities of metallic sheet and strip) has been suggested for the rapid low-cost manufacture of silicon sheet to be used for photovoltaic power generation equipment, such as solar arrays. The advantages of rolling include: high rates of production, wide sheets as products, good control of dimension, and (in the case of solar grade silicon) minimal development of impurities. Experiments have been performed using high-temperature, high-speed compression of polycrystalline silicon cylinders. Metallography and X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to examine the samples both before and after compression, and a model process has been designed to evaluate the technical practicality and economic feasibility of the method.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Nov 15, 1976 - Nov 18, 1976; Baton Rouge, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Large area silicon sheet by EFG (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Progress in a program to produce high speed, thin, wide silicon sheets for fabricating 10% efficient solar cells is reported. An EFG ribbon growth system was used to perform growth rate and ribbon thickness experiments. A new, wide ribbon growth system was developed. A theoretical study of stresses in ribbons was also conducted. The EFG ribbons were observed to exhibit a characteristic defect structure which is orientation dependent in the early stages of growth.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: C-500 , ERDA/JPL-954355-76/11 , NASA-CR-149236
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Heat transfer analysis of metal hydrides in metal-hydrogen secondary batteries (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The heat transfer between a metal-hydrogen secondary battery and a hydrogen-storing metal hydride was studied. Temperature profiles of the endothermic metal hydrides and the metal-hydrogen battery were obtained during discharging of the batteries assuming an adiabatic system. Two hydride materials were considered in two physical arrangements within the battery system. In one case the hydride is positioned in a thin annular region about the battery stack; in the other the hydride is held in a tube down the center of the stack. The results show that for a typical 20 ampere-hour battery system with lanthanum pentanickel hydride as the hydrogen reservoir the system could perform successfully.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: World Hydrogen Energy Conference; Mar 01, 1976 - Mar 03, 1976; Miami Beach, FL
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A simple approach to metal hydride alloy optimization (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Certain metals and related alloys can combine with hydrogen in a reversible fashion, so that on being heated, they release a portion of the gas. Such materials may find application in the large scale storage of hydrogen. Metal and alloys which show high dissociation pressure at low temperatures, and low endothermic heat of dissociation, and are therefore desirable for hydrogen storage, give values of the Hildebrand-Scott solubility parameter that lie between 100-118 Hildebrands, (Ref. 1), close to that of dissociated hydrogen. All of the less practical storage systems give much lower values of the solubility parameter. By using the Hildebrand solubility parameter as a criterion, and applying the mixing rule to combinations of known alloys and solid solutions, correlations are made to optimize alloy compositions and maximize hydrogen storage capacity.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. 1st World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 2; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Review of world experience and properties of materials for encapsulation of terrestrial photovoltaic arrays (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Published and unpublished information relating to encapsulation systems and materials properties was collected by searching the literature and appropriate data bases (over 1,300 documents were selected and reviewed) and by personal contacts including site and company visits. A data tabulation summarizing world experience with terrestrial photovoltaic arrays (50 installations) is presented in the report. Based on criteria of properties, processability, availability, and cost, candidate materials were identified which have potential for use in encapsulation systems for arrays with a lifetime of over 20 years high reliability, an efficiency greater than 10 percent, a total price less than $500/kW, and a production capacity of 500,000 kW/yr. The recommended materials (all commercially available) include, depending upon the device design, various borosilicate and soda-lime glasses and numerous polymerics suitable for specific encapsulation system functions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-149451 , ERDA/JPL-954328-76/4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Large area silicon sheet by EFG (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-153107 , ERDA/JPL-954355-76/4 , QR-4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Dip-coated sheet silicon solar cells (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A cost-effective method is being developed for producing solar cell quality sheet silicon by dip coating inexpensive ceramic substrates with a thin layer of large grain silicon. Mullite (Aluminum Silicate) ceramic substrates coated with a thin layer of graphite have been dipped into molten silicon to produce 20-150 micron thick layers having grain sizes as large as .4 cm x 4 cm. With these silicon layers photovoltaic diodes have been fabricated with measured and inherent conversion efficiencies of 4% and 7%, respectively.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Nov 15, 1976 - Nov 18, 1976; Baton Rouge, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The effect of secondary impurities on solar cell performance (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Czochralski and float zone sigle crystals of silicon were doped with the primary impurities B or P so that a resistivity of 0.5 ohm cm resulted, and in addition doped with certain secondary impurities including Al, C, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, O, Ti, V, and Zr. The actual presence of these impurities was confirmed by analysis of the crystals. Solar cell performance was evaluated and found to be degraded most significantly by Ti, V, and Zr and to some extent by most of the secondary impurities considered. These results are of significance to the low cost silicon program, since any such process would have to yield at least tolerable levels of these impurities.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Nov 15, 1976 - Nov 18, 1976; Baton Rouge, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Prospects for pipeline delivery of hydrogen as a fuel and as a chemical feedstock (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The possibility of using hydrogen for storing and carrying energy obtained from nonfossil sources such as nuclear and solar energy is examined. According to the method proposed, these nonfossil raw energy sources will be used to obtain hydrogen from water by three basically distinct routes: (1) electrical generation followed by electrolysis; (2) thermochemical decomposition; and (3) direct neutron or ultraviolet irradiation of hydrogen bearing molecules. The hydrogen obtained will be transmitted in long-distance pipelines, and distributed to all energy-consuming sectors. As a fuel gas, hydrogen has many qualities similar to natural gas and with only minor modifications, it can be transmitted and distributed in the same equipment, and can be burned in the same appliances as natural gas. Hydrogen can also be used as a clean fuel (water is the only combustion product) for automobiles, fleet vehicles, and aircraft.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: American Gas Association Monthly; 58; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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