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  • Chemistry  (320)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (62)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
  • 1975-1979  (382)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1930-1934
  • 1975  (382)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Mikanecic EsterThe systematic name of mikanecic acid is 4-vinyl-cyclohex-1-ene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; it is used in the experimental Part. and its precursor, 1,3-butadiene-2-carboxylic ester (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 58 (1975), S. 2061-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine thermische (a) und eine reduktive (b) Methode zur Herstellung von Mikanez-Estern wird beschrieben. Bei der ersten gelang der Nachweis des monomeren Vorläufers, 1,3-Butadien-2-carboxylester. (a)trans/cis-Gemische von Methyl resp. Äthyl 2-Brom-1-methylcyclopropancarboxylat (14/15 resp. 16/17), mit Tri-n-butylzinnhydrid aus den entsprechenden 2,2-Dibrom-1-methylcyclopropancarboxylaten 12 resp. 13 hergestellt, wurden bei 480°/1,7 Torr pyrolysiert. Die bei -78° daraus abgefangenen Kondensate bestanden aus den 1,3-Butadien-2-carboxylaten 5 und 6, im Falle des Äthylesters 6 durch seine 1H-NMR.-Signale charakterisiert und als Addukt (19) mit 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dion (18) abgefangen (55%). Beim Erwärmen der Kondensate dimerisierten die Dienester 5 resp. 6, so dass sich Dimethyl resp. Diäthyl Mikanezat (9 resp. 10) isolieren liess (67 resp. 100%).(b)Behandlung von Methyl 2(E)-2-Methyl-2-butenoat (20) mit 2 Äquivalenten N-Bromsuccinimid gab (25%) Methyl 2(Z)-4-Brom-2-brommethyl-2-butenoat (21). (Mit 3 Äquivalenten entstand ein Stereomerengemisch 2(Z)- und 2(E)-4,4-Dibrom-2-brommethyl-2-butenoat (22 und 23)). Reduktion des Dibromesters 21 mit Zink in Tetrahydrofuran, Methanol oder Eisessig ergab (50%) Dimethyl Mikanezat (9). Von einer Iodolaktonisierung der aus 9 durch Verseifung hergestellten Mikanezsäure (8) erhielt man 4-Iodo-7-oxo-1-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4endo-carbonsäure (24), dessen Bildungsleichtigkeit und IR.-Bande bei 1780 cm eine unabhängige Bestätigung dafür liefert, dass Mikanezsäure (8) durch Kopf-zu-Kopf-Diels-Alder-Dimerisierung von 1,3-Butadien-2-carbonsäure (4) entsteht.Aus Methyl (E)-2-Methyl-2-pentenoat (25) wurde auf gleiche Weise, d.h. über Dibromierung zu 27 und Reduktion mit Zink in Äther, Dimethyl 3,2′-Dimethylmikanezat (29) gewonnen. Die Multiplizität des 1H-NMR.-Signals von H—C(3) in 29 bestätigt, wiederum unabhängig, dass die Dimerisierung des Dienesters (in diesem Fall 28) in Kopf-zu-Kopf-Diels-Alder-Weise stattfindet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19750580721
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste for Fuel Gas Production (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1119-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Anaerobic digestion offers a potential means of converting organic solid waste into fuel gas and thereby provide a supplemental and readily utilizable source of energy. We are particularly interested in the use of thermophilic digestion over a mesophilic operation for it can achieve higher rates of digestion, greater conversion of waste organics to gas, faster solid-liquid separation, and minimization of bacterial and viral pathogen accumulation. Our results comparing mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (65°C) anaerobic digestion of domestic solid waste confirm the increased rate and conversion of waste to methane. In addition, utilizing radioactive labeling of glucose and acetic acid, we have measured the volumetric rates of volatile acid production and disappearance under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a zinc sulfide concentrate (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 939-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of growth conditions on the oxygen equivalence of microbial cells (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 859-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A natural microbial population of sewage origin was grown at four temperatures (10, 20, 30, 40°C) and five mean residence times (3, 6, 12, 18, 24 hr) in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Samples of cells were removed during steady-state operation and analyzed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ash content, protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids. The oxygen equivalence (OE) of the cells was measured directly as g COD/g ash-free cells and was determined indirectly by calculating the calorific content from the macromolecular composition. The results indicate that OE is a function of growth conditions. Furthermore the COD test is a poor measureof OE because of a high level of variation associated with the test. Additional studies should be performed using bomb calorimetry to establish a quantitative relationship between growth conditions and OE.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170607
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a zinc sulfide concentrate (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 31-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A zinc sulfide concentrate was leached microbiologically by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a continuous stirred tank reactor. A model was developed to predict, the leaching kinetics when the bacterial growth rate was not limited by any substrate other than the zinc concentrate, and it was modified to explain the observed results.Stable steady sates were obtained over a range of dilution rates from 0.0171 to 0.1038 hr-1. Because a solid substrate was used, the specific growth rate of the bacaeria was not a unique function of the subastrate concentration, and conventional contnuous culture theory based on the Monod equation did not apply to this system. The leaching rates and bacterial growth rates were first order in mineral surface area cocentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errata (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 623-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal decomposition of process networks (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 656-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The tearing or decomposition of recycle process networks is extended to include the enumeration of alternate cut sets or tear stream sets. The optimality criterion is the response to convergence acceleration in the quasi-Newton sense and an algorithm is proposed to select the optimum cut set adaptively as the recycle computation proceeds.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reproducible gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for low levels of methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in blood and urineMEPPA = methylphenidate: HPPA = ritalinic acid. (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 2-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive method of analysis for methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in blood and urine has been developed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for separation and detection. The methylphenidate is isolated by solvent extraction into chloroform and the ritalinic acid is isolated by salting out into isopropyl alcohol, followed by methylation and subsequent solvent extraction. The method has been applied to the study of methylphenidate metabolism and excretion in adults and hyperactive children under-going treatment with methylphenidate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200020103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detection of structure in amorphous polymers by electron microscopy: Particle flow (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last several years there has been considerable interest in the occurrence of structure in certain bulk polymers normally thought to be structurally homogeneous. Specifically, it has been proposed that polymers produced by emulsion polymerization may retain a particle structure in the bulk state. This has been demonstrated by both rheological measurements and by electron microscopy. In this work we show conclusively that at least part of the particle structure observed by electron microscopy for polystyrene is an intrinsic feature of the fracture surface and is in no way related to the history of the sample.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongational viscosity of microbead suspensions (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 679-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A ‘tubeless syphon’ was used as an elongational viscometer for the purpose of measuring elongational viscosities of glass bead suspensions in dilute polymer solutions. It was found that while the shear viscosities increased, the elongational viscosities decreased very sharply with increasing bead concentration. The conclusions from the present data are then compared with the observed changes in the elastic properties of two phase molten polymer systems. A double shift procedure has been successfully adopted to correlate the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150908
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