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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (76)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists  (6)
  • 1970-1974  (82)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1973  (82)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 923-928 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature control of subcooled reflux in a distillation column was studied experimentally using coolant flow rate as the manipulative variable. Methanol vapor was condensed and subcooled at one atmosphere in a vertical heat exchanger with 210 copper tubes (0.77 cm I.D., 91.5 cm long). Cooling water flowed countercurrently through the shell side (20.6 cm I.D.).A proportional-integral feedback controller provided good temperature control at normal design throughputs. But dynamic control performance deteriorated at low throughputs (or large areas). Thus the normal conservative design practice of providing excess area in this type of condenser leads to poorer temperature control.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR investigations on the diastereomeric phosphate methyl protons of the dinucleoside ethyl phosphotriesters Tp(C2H5)T, dA, and dIp(C2H5)dI have been used to study the conformational changes of these dimersin solution. In D2O (273°K), the diastereomeric phosphate-methly groups of Tp(C2H5)T appear as a triplet. The methyl resonances of dIp(C2H5)dI and dAp(C2H5)dA appear as two sets of triplets and their chemical shift differences (δ1 - δ2), decrease with increasing temperature, finally becoming zero at 292°K and 333°K, respectively. The same phenomenon is observed for dAp(C2H5)dA in CD3OD; in this detacking solvent, the difference (δ1 - δ2) diminishes to zero at a lower temperature (261°K). At room temperature in D2O, the chemical shift of the phosphate methyl of Tp(C2H5)T appears at lower field than those of dIp(C2H5)dI or dAp(C2H5)dA. The differences between the chemical shifts of these groups (δI - δT or δA - δT) increase with increasing temperature, and reach maximal values at 301°K and 333°K, respectively. The results suggest that at low temperature the largest fraction of the dimer population exists in a stacked state, with the phosphate-ethyl groups outside the stack. Increasing temperature causes an oscillation of the bases and a shift in the dimer population away from the stacked state. Finally at high temperature, the planar bases rorate with respect to one another and in the case of dIp(C2H5)dI and dAp(C2H5)dA, the ethyl groups experience shielding by the anisotropic ring current of the five-membered ring of the bases. Thus, the current pmr studies and those reported earlier from our laboratory support an “oscillation-rotation model” for the unstacking process of the dimers. The relationship of this model and the “two-state model” is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1931-1935 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3621-3625 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyacetylenic Compounds, 221. Synthesis of Two Naturally Occurring Sulphur Acetylenic CompoundsConstitution and configuration of the thioenolether 1 isolated from Buphthalmum salicifolium L. are established by synthesis. The synthesis of the thiophene derivative 5 isolated from a Coreopsis species establishes the proposed constitution.
    Notes: Konstitution und Konfiguration des aus Buphthalmum salicifolium L. isolierten Thioenoläther 1 werden durch Synthese endgültig geklärt. Die Synthese des Thiophenderivates 5 bestätigt die angenommene Konstitution des aus einer Coreopsis-Art isolierten Esters.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 312-316 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Base Catalysed Reaction of Active Methylene Compounds with Isocyanates, 1. Synthesis of Barbituric Acid-5-carboxylates and -5-carboxamidesMalonic ester (1) reacts with methyl and phenyl isocyanate in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature to give the carbamoylmalonic esters 2a, b, whereas, under reflux, the hitherto unknown barbituric acid-5-carboxylic esters 3 are formed. With 1-naphthyl isocyanate cyclization to 3 occurs without heating. Similarly, by refluxing 2b with methyl isocyanate in triethylamine, a barbituric acid-carboxylic ester is obtained. In contrast, the reaction of 2a with isocyanates under similar conditions results in the formation of 5-carbamoylbarbituric acids 4. A compound of this series is also obtained by reacting malonanilic ester (6) with isocyanate in triethylamine.
    Notes: Malonester (1) reagiert mit Methyl- und Phenylisocyanat in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin bei Raumtemperatur zu den Carbamoylmalonestern 2a, b, in der Hitze dagegen zu den bisher noch unbekannten Barbitursäure-5-carbonsäureestern 3. Mit 1-Naphthylisocyanat erfolgt die Cyclisierung zu 3 bereits ohne Wärmezufuhr. Auch 2b bildet mit Methylisocyanat/Triäthylamin in der Hitze einen Barbitursäurecarbonsäureester. Dagegen entstehen aus 2a unter ähnlichen Bedingungen 5-Carbamoylbarbitursäuren 4. Zu einer solchen gelangt man auch bei der Reaktion von Malonanilsäureester (6) und Isocyanat in Triäthylamin.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with α-Metalated Isocyanides, XXVEthyl 4-cyano-2-isocyanoalkanoates (7, 8, 9) are obtained by the reaction of acrylonitriles 5 with ethyl isocyanoacetate (1) or ethyl isocyanopropionate (2) in ethanol with catalytic amounts of sodium ethoxide at ca. 30°C. These can be transformed to ethyl 4-cyano-2-(formylamino)alkanoates (for instance 10) by treatment with hydrochloric acid in ethanol. The adducts 8 from 2 and 5 undergo cyclization to 4-cyano-5- and -4-pyrroline-2-carboxylic ethyl esters, respectively (12 and 13).
    Notes: 4-Cyan-2-isocyanalkansäure-äthylester (7, 8, 9) entstehen aus Acrylnitrilen 5 und Isocyanessigsäure-äthylester bzw. -propionsäure-äthylester (1 bzw. 2) in Äthanol in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Natriumäthylat bei ca. 30°C. Mit Salzsäure in Äthanol erhält man daraus 4-Cyan-2-(formylamino)alkansäure-äthylester (z. B. 10). Die mit 2 erhältlichen Addukte 8 cyclisieren bei ca. 65°C in Äthanol mit äquivalenten Mengen Natriumäthylat zu 4-Cyan-5-bzw. -4-pyrrolin-2-carbonsäure-äthylestern (12 bzw. 13).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 7 (1973), S. 635-636 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3772-3774 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1973), S. 135-144 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Lichtstreuungs- und Viskositätsdaten wurde an drei Polymeren: Poly(4-bromphenyläthylen) [Poly(p-Bromostyrol)], Poly[1-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-methyläthylen][Poly(methylmethacrylat)] und Poly(2-pyridyläthylen)[Poly(2-vinylpyridin)] in verdünnter Lösung gemessen. In einem engen Temperaturbereich treten starke Änderungen der zweiten Virialkoeffizienten, der ungestörten Dimensionen und der Streulichtintensitäten auf. Diese Beobachtungen sind auf eine Konformationsänderung der Kette, die in den gewählten Lösungsmitteln auftreten, zurückzuführen. Innerhalb der betrachteten Temperaturbereiche steigt die Flexibilität der Kette rasch an.Diese Konformationsübergänge verschwinden, sobald man kleinere Mengen an polaren, die Kette solvatisierenden Lösungsmitteln zugibt. Das beweist, daß die beobachteten Phänomene mit den „short range“-Wechselwirkungen verknüpft sind.
    Notes: Temperature dependence of light scattering and viscosity data was studied on three polymers: poly(4-bromophenylethylene) [poly-p-bromostyrene], poly[1-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-methylethylene] [poly(methyl methacrylate)] and poly(2-pyridylethylene) [poly(vinylpyridine)] in dilute solution. It was observed that over a narrow range of temperature sharp changes of second virial coefficients, unperturbed dimensions and scattered intensities do occur. This phenomenon can be accounted for by assuming that in the chosen solvents the conformation of the chain undergoes changes, increasing temperature causing a higher flexibility.These conformational changes disappear entirely on addition of minute amounts of well solvating, polar solvents, which confirms that the observed transition is only concerned with short range interactions along the chain.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 6 (1973), S. 75-88 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new method of formulating the finite element relationships based on the least squares criterion. To overcome the high degree of inter-element continuity, a method of reducing the original governing differential equation to a set of equivalent system of first-order differential equations is proposed. The validity of the method is demonstrated by means of several numerical examples. In particular, application of the method to problems with unknown variational functionals is considered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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