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  • Chemistry  (115)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (5)
  • 1960-1964  (120)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1961  (120)
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  • 1960-1964  (120)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of molecular weight distribution on the flow properties of polyethylene (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The non-Newtonian flow behavior of polyethylene has been investigated with respect to the effects of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Effects of die geometry on melt fracture as well as preliminary extrudate orientation studies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic factors in the strength of elastomers under complex stress by a puncture methodPresented at the Tenth Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ste. Marguerite, Quebec, September 7-9, 1960.Contribution No. 262 from the research laboratory of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 442-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigations of the viscoelastic aspects of the mechanical behavior of polymers have been limited almost exclusively to relatively simple conditions of homogeneous stress, that is, to tension or shear loadings. In the present work a study has been made from the viscoelastic standpoint of the response of several elastomers to a much more complex type of stress distribution arising from penetration up to failure by a cylindrical indentor for a range of temperatures and rates of penetration. The failure or “puncture point” was determined by a dip in the recorded curve of load versus depth of penetration. The puncture strength values were reduced to 25°C. by applying the ratio of absolute temperatures and plotted against the logarithm of the reciprocal of the rate of penetration. These curves were then shifted on the time scale to give a master curve after the manner of Tobolsky and of Ferry. The logarithms of the shift factors thus obtained were related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature over the range studied. The results indicate a broader generality for the viscoelastic principle of time-temperature equivalence than has usually been supposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital recording and automatic computation of film tensile stress-strain dataPresented at ASTM Committee D-20 Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, October 3, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system is described for automatic collection of stress-strain data for polymeric films on magnetic tape for subsequent automatic data reduction and computation of a variety of stress-strain parameters. Two shaft analog-to-digital encoders attached to a conventional tensile tester feed digital information to an incremental pulse recorder which stores all stress and strain data in two channels on 0.625-in. magnetic tape. Specimen information and test constants are inserted by the operator through a keyboard located at the tensile tester. The tape is subsequently fed into a standard digital computer through a special incremental pulse magnetic tape reader. The data pulses are internally stored and converted by means of a special program into eight significant stress-strain parameters for polymeric film samples, plus averages and standard deviations for groups of replicate determinations. These parameters include: corrected length of specimen, initial maximum tensile modulus, offset yield stress, strain at break, strain at maximum stress, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, and work to break. While the program described applies to polymer film testing, both it and the digital recording equipment accessories are applicable with suitable modification, to any analog experimental data. Significant savings in man-hours and increased information output result from use of this system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051705
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomorphism phenomena in macromolecules (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 51 (1961), S. 527-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Through x-ray and infrared examinations of stereoregular polymers and copolymers of vinylaromatic monomers, the occurrence of chain isomorphism phenomena, together with many cases of a new type of isomorphism between monomeric units, have been proved. Isomorphism of macromolecules, allowing true solid solutions, has been observed when melting and crystallizing mixtures of homopolymers (i.e., isotactic polystyrene) and of crystalline copolymers (i.e., styrene-p-methylstyrene) having the same identity period and differing very little in lattice constants. Isomorphism among monomeric units occurs in copolymerizing monomers that have a chemical nature and shape slightly different one from the other, e.g., styrene and o-fluorostyrene. This allows the formation of crystallizable copolymers in the entire composition range. They show physical properties (lattice constants, melting temperatures, etc.) continuously varying between those of the pure homopolymers. The occurrence of isodimorphism phenomena has been observed in crystalline copolymers obtained from monomers the homopolymers of which have different crystalline structures (e.g., styrene-p-fluorostyrene), and also in copolymerizing styrene with monomers (e.g., p-methyl, p-chlorostyrene) giving only amorphous homopolymers. In the latter case, of course, the copolymers show crystallinity only in a limited composition range.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205115610
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of p-isopropylstyrene and methyl methacrylate (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 49 (1961), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of a completely isopropylated polystyrene by polymerization of p-isopropylstyrene monomer is described. This polymer was autoxidized in cyclohexane with lauroyl peroxide to give a material of good reproducibility and high purity. Methyl methacrylate was successfully grafted to the polymeric hydroperoxide by using a sugar-containing recipe. Homopolymer was separated from the graft copolymer by extraction. Evidence for grafting was obtained from solubility and fractionation behavior, as well as from light-scattering and viscosity measurements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1204915232
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß von Wasserstoffsuperoxyd auf die Korrosion von Messing (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 422-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the corrosion of brassThe corrosion behaviour of brass 80/20 and 59/41 in acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and tartaric acid as well as in buffered hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride in the presence of small additions of hydrogen peroxide is investigated. In general, the intensity of corrosion was found to be considerably increased thereby. In the case of α-brass, the de-zincking process in suppressed to such an extent that decopperization is already encountered. With α/β-Brass, the zinc-rich β-phase is attacked first, followed by an attack on the α-Phase so that the overall result is an intensified corrosion attack. In the case of tartaric acid, passivation phenomena were encountered which were, however, not investigated in detail.
    Notes: Das Korrosionsverhalten von Messing 80/20 und 59/41 in Essigsäure, Phosphorsäure, Citronensäure, Äpfelsäure, Milchsäure und Weinsäure sowie gepufferter Salzsäure und Ammoniumchlorid wird in Gegenwart geringer Wasserstoffsuperoxydzusätze untersucht. Dabei wird im allgemeinen der Angriff wesentlich verstärkt. Bei α-Messing wird die Entzinkung gleichzeitig soweit zurückgedrängt, daß schon Entkupferung vorliegt, während bei α/β-Messing zunächst die zinkreiche β-Phase und erst nachher auch die α-Phase angegriffen wird, so daß sich im Endeffekt verstärkter Gesamtangriff ergibt. Im Falle der Weinsäure treten nicht näher untersuchte Passivierungserscheinungen auf.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120704
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß einiger Kolloide auf die Korrosion von Messing in Äpfelsäure und Ammoniumchlorid (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 277-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of some colloids on the corrosion of brassThe influence of gelatin, pulvis acacia, dextrin, agar, egg albumen and potato starch on the corrosion of α and α/β brass in malic acid and ammonium chloride is investigated. The effects of the additives differ greatly as they are liable either to promote or inhibit the overall attack as well as the dezincking. This behaviour is governed by whether the added substance is cathodically or anodically adsorbed, i.e., forms a film, or whether it forms soluble complexes with the metal. As the type of brass also plays a part, and the de-zincking process may be governed by different mechanisms, it is difficult to find inhibitors which inhibit the overall corrosion attack as well as the de-zincking process. One possible solution might lie in the use of inhibitor blends.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Gelatine, pulvis acacia, Dextrin, Agar, Ei-Albumin und Kartoffelstärke auf die Korrosion von α- und α/β-Messing in Äpfelsäure und Ammoniumchlorid wird untersucht. Die Wirkung der Zusätze ist sehr unterschiedlich, denn sie können sowohl den Gesamtangriff als auch die Entzinkung verstärken oder auch hemmen. Entscheidend hierfür ist, ob die zugesetzte Substanz kathodisch oder anodisch adsorbiert wird, also filmbildend ist, oder ob sie mit dem Metall lösliche Komplexe bildet. Da auch der Messingtyp eine Rolle spielt und die Entzinkung nach verschiedenen Mechanismen ablaufen kann, ergibt sich im Endeffekt die Schwierigkeit, Inhibitoren zue finden, welche gleichzeitig den Allgemeinangriff und die Entzinkung hemmen. Eine Möglichkeit könnte in der Verwendung von Inhibitorgemischen liegen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120503
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of extrusion variables on the fundamental properties of tubular polythene film (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of formation of tubular polythene film is a complicated process, and extensive studies have shown that the properties of the film made are influenced profoundly and in a complex way both by the processing conditions used by certain design features of the equipment. Studies of the effect of the extrusion variables on the more important film properties, both optical and mechanical, are reviewed in this paper. The results are discussed in terms of the fundamental nature of polythene film, its surface, its crystalline structure and its orientation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow patterns in a non-Newtonian fluid in a single-screw extruder (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow patterns in the channel of a screw extruder have been investigated in a study utilizing a model extruder with stationary screw and a rotating, transparent barrel. Photographs of flow streamlines at conditions over the full range of output restriction are presented for a non-Newtonian fluid. A technique employing photographs of particle tracers was used with the same apparatus to permit quantitative measurement of velocity profiles with both a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian fluid.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testicular histology and seasonal changes in the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080105
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