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  • Adult  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (13)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
  • 1998  (13)
  • 1960
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (13)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
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    Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might have psychotherapeutic properties. Like clinically used antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs, substance P antagonists suppressed isolation-induced vocalizations in guinea pigs. In a placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe major depression, robust antidepressant effects of the substance P antagonist MK-869 were consistently observed. In preclinical studies, substance P antagonists did not interact with monoamine systems in the manner seen with established antidepressant drugs. These findings suggest that substance P may play an important role in psychiatric disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kramer, M S -- Cutler, N -- Feighner, J -- Shrivastava, R -- Carman, J -- Sramek, J J -- Reines, S A -- Liu, G -- Snavely, D -- Wyatt-Knowles, E -- Hale, J J -- Mills, S G -- MacCoss, M -- Swain, C J -- Harrison, T -- Hill, R G -- Hefti, F -- Scolnick, E M -- Cascieri, M A -- Chicchi, G G -- Sadowski, S -- Williams, A R -- Hewson, L -- Smith, D -- Carlson, E J -- Hargreaves, R J -- Rupniak, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1640-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19456, USA. Mark_Kramer@merck.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amygdala/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Gerbillinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morpholines/adverse effects/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Norepinephrine/physiology ; Paroxetine/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism ; Serotonin/physiology ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy ; Substance P/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Building memories: remembering and forgetting of verbal experiences as predicted by brain activity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-26
    Description: A fundamental question about human memory is why some experiences are remembered whereas others are forgotten. Brain activation during word encoding was measured using blocked and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how neural activation differs for subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten experiences. Results revealed that the ability to later remember a verbal experience is predicted by the magnitude of activation in left prefrontal and temporal cortices during that experience. These findings provide direct evidence that left prefrontal and temporal regions jointly promote memory formation for verbalizable events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, A D -- Schacter, D L -- Rotte, M -- Koutstaal, W -- Maril, A -- Dale, A M -- Rosen, B R -- Buckner, R L -- AG05778/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG08441/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DC03245-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1188-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. adwagner@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9712582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Genetic restriction of AIDS pathogenesis by an SDF-1 chemokine gene variant. ALIVE Study, Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC) (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) is the principal ligand for CXCR4, a coreceptor with CD4 for T lymphocyte cell line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). A common polymorphism, SDF1-3'A, was identified in an evolutionarily conserved segment of the 3' untranslated region of the SDF-1 structural gene transcript. In the homozygous state, SDF1-3'A/3'A delays the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), according to a genetic association analysis of 2857 patients enrolled in five AIDS cohort studies. The recessive protective effect of SDF1-3'A was increasingly pronounced in individuals infected with HIV-1 for longer periods, was twice as strong as the dominant genetic restriction of AIDS conferred by CCR5 and CCR2 chemokine receptor variants in these populations, and was complementary with these mutations in delaying the onset of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winkler, C -- Modi, W -- Smith, M W -- Nelson, G W -- Wu, X -- Carrington, M -- Dean, M -- Honjo, T -- Tashiro, K -- Yabe, D -- Buchbinder, S -- Vittinghoff, E -- Goedert, J J -- O'Brien, T R -- Jacobson, L P -- Detels, R -- Donfield, S -- Willoughby, A -- Gomperts, E -- Vlahov, D -- Phair, J -- O'Brien, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):389-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/virology ; Adult ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Chemokines, CXC ; Cohort Studies ; Continental Population Groups ; Disease Progression ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/virology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, CCR2 ; Receptors, CCR5/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Receptors, Chemokine/genetics/physiology ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Identification of LFA-1 as a candidate autoantigen in treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis is associated with immune reactivity to outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and the major histocompatibility complex class II allele DRB1*0401. The immunodominant epitope of OspA for T helper cells was identified. A homology search revealed a peptide from human leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (hLFA-1) as a candidate autoantigen. Individuals with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, but not other forms of arthritis, generated responses to OspA, hLFA-1, and their highly related peptide epitopes. Identification of the initiating bacterial antigen and a cross-reactive autoantigen may provide a model for development of autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, D M -- Forsthuber, T -- Tary-Lehmann, M -- Etling, C -- Ito, K -- Nagy, Z A -- Field, J A -- Steere, A C -- Huber, B T -- R01 AR20358/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):703-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Surface/immunology/metabolism ; Arthritis, Reactive/drug therapy/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/immunology ; Child ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; *Lipoproteins ; Lyme Disease/drug therapy/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Synovial Fluid/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channel subunits: molecular correlates of the M-channel (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: The M-current regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability of many neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. To date, however, the genes that encode subunits of this important channel have not been identified. The biophysical properties, sensitivity to pharmacological blockade, and expression pattern of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels were determined. It is concluded that both these subunits contribute to the native M-current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, H S -- Pan, Z -- Shi, W -- Brown, B S -- Wymore, R S -- Cohen, I S -- Dixon, J E -- McKinnon, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1890-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Anthracenes/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ; KCNQ3 Potassium Channel ; Kinetics ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/physiology ; Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Type IV pili, transient bacterial aggregates, and virulence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Description: Type IV bundle-forming pili of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli are required for the localized adherence and autoaggregation phenotypes. Whether these pili are also required for virulence was tested in volunteers by inactivating bfpA or bfpT (perA) encoding, respectively, the pilus subunit and the bfp operon transcriptional activator. Both mutants caused significantly less diarrhea. Mutation of the bfpF nucleotide-binding domain caused increased piliation, enhanced localized adherence, and abolished the twitching motility-dispersal phase of the autoaggregation phenotype. The bfpF mutant colonized the human intestine but was about 200-fold less virulent. Thus, BfpF is required for dispersal from the bacterial aggregate and for full virulence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, D -- Ramer, S W -- Wu, C Y -- Murray, W J -- Tobe, T -- Fernandez, R -- Schoolnik, G K -- 1RO1-AI39521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1RO3-DK52038/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- MO1-RR00070/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2114-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographical Medicine, Stanford Program for Vaccine Research, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Agglutination ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Diarrhea/*microbiology ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology/ultrastructure ; Escherichia coli Infections/*microbiology ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Operon ; Phenotype ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    A family of cAMP-binding proteins that directly activate Rap1 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: cAMP (3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger that in eukaryotic cells induces physiological responses ranging from growth, differentiation, and gene expression to secretion and neurotransmission. Most of these effects have been attributed to the binding of cAMP to cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Here, a family of cAMP-binding proteins that are differentially distributed in the mammalian brain and body organs and that exhibit both cAMP-binding and guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains is reported. These cAMP-regulated GEFs (cAMP-GEFs) bind cAMP and selectively activate the Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide binding protein Rap1A in a cAMP-dependent but PKA-independent manner. Our findings suggest the need to reformulate concepts of cAMP-mediated signaling to include direct coupling to Ras superfamily signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawasaki, H -- Springett, G M -- Mochizuki, N -- Toki, S -- Nakaya, M -- Matsuda, M -- Housman, D E -- Graybiel, A M -- P01 CA42063/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL41484/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD28341/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2275-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Fetus/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Second Messenger Systems ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-17
    Description: CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for protection against intracellular pathogens but often have been difficult to induce by subunit vaccines in animals. DNA vaccines elicit protective CD8+ T cell responses. Malaria-naive volunteers who were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding a malaria protein developed antigen-specific, genetically restricted, CD8+ T cell-dependent CTLs. Responses were directed against all 10 peptides tested and were restricted by six human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. This first demonstration in healthy naive humans of the induction of CD8+ CTLs by DNA vaccines, including CTLs that were restricted by multiple HLA alleles in the same individual, provides a foundation for further human testing of this potentially revolutionary vaccine technology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, R -- Doolan, D L -- Le, T P -- Hedstrom, R C -- Coonan, K M -- Charoenvit, Y -- Jones, T R -- Hobart, P -- Margalith, M -- Ng, J -- Weiss, W R -- Sedegah, M -- de Taisne, C -- Norman, J A -- Hoffman, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 16;282(5388):476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5607, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/immunology ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Malaria Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-17
    Description: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN, Lyell's syndrome) is a severe adverse drug reaction in which keratinocytes die and large sections of epidermis separate from the dermis. Keratinocytes normally express the death receptor Fas (CD95); those from TEN patients were found to express lytically active Fas ligand (FasL). Antibodies present in pooled human intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) blocked Fas-mediated keratinocyte death in vitro. In a pilot study, 10 consecutive individuals with clinically and histologically confirmed TEN were treated with IVIG; disease progression was rapidly reversed and the outcome was favorable in all cases. Thus, Fas-FasL interactions are directly involved in the epidermal necrolysis of TEN, and IVIG may be an effective treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viard, I -- Wehrli, P -- Bullani, R -- Schneider, P -- Holler, N -- Salomon, D -- Hunziker, T -- Saurat, J H -- Tschopp, J -- French, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 16;282(5388):490-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Blocking/immunology/therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD95/immunology/*physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Child ; Dermis/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Epidermis/pathology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/*therapeutic use ; Jurkat Cells ; Keratinocytes/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/pathology/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Making memories: brain activity that predicts how well visual experience will be remembered (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-26
    Description: Experiences are remembered or forgotten, but the neural determinants for the mnemonic fate of experience are unknown. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify specific brain activations that differentiated between visual experiences that were later remembered well, remembered less well, or forgotten. During scanning of medial temporal lobe and frontal lobe regions, subjects viewed complex, color photographs. Subjects later received a test of memory for the photographs. The magnitudes of focal activations in right prefrontal cortex and in bilateral parahippocampal cortex predicted which photographs were later remembered well, remembered less well, or forgotten.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brewer, J B -- Zhao, Z -- Desmond, J E -- Glover, G H -- Gabrieli, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1185-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Program and School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. brewer@psych.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9712581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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