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  • Articles  (93)
  • Mice  (52)
  • pharmacokinetics  (41)
  • 1980-1984  (93)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1983  (55)
  • 1981  (38)
  • 1960
  • Medicine  (93)
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  • Articles  (93)
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  • 1980-1984  (93)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlordiazepoxide in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; alcoholic liver disease ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clearance of chlordiazepoxide from the systemic circulation was studied in 20 subjects which included 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 5 normal volunteers. The half-life for the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation was found to increase exponentially with age (r=0.73, P〈0.0005) and was independent of the presence of alcoholic hepatitis. The metabolic clearance of chlordiazepoxide was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal subjects (7.6 compared to 13.8 ml/kg-h, P〈0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between clearance and albumin (r=0.77, P〈0.00005). However, the predictive value of this relationship was shown to be minimal. Multiple regression analysis produced only a slight improvement in the correlation when both albumin and lactate dehydrogenase were used as variables (r=0.83, P〈0.00005). In six of the patients, a second clearance study was conducted three weeks following their initial one. All repeat subjects showed improvement both clinically and as reflected by their laboratory tests for liver injury, but there was not a significant change in their clearance of chlordiazepoxide. Multiple regression analysis of the clearance data on the initial and repeat subjects showed a significant correlation between clearance and the variables age, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (r=0.91, P〈0.0025). This relationship suggests that over a short period of time (where age can be considered constant) changes in albumin and lactate dehydrogenase could be potentially useful in predicting clearance changes in a single individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of duration of intravenous infusion of an acute dose on plasma concentrations of cimetidine (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; intravenous infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; peptic ulcer ; duration of infusion ; acute dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of cimetidine administered by bolus intravenous injection to critically ill patients has been associated with serious cardiac arrhythmias, due presumably to high initial plasma concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the range of infusion times of a single 200 mg dose of cimetidine which would avoid high initial drug concentrations while maintaining a duration of effective concentrations no less than that resulting from bolus injection. Computer simulations of both maximum plasma cimetidine concentrations and duration of effective plasma cimetidine concentrations versus duration of infusion were based on mean pharmacokinetic date from 6 peptic ulcer patients who had received cimetidine 200 mg i.v. over 5 min. The simulations indicated that to reduce maximum plasma cimetidine concentrations by at least 50%, while maintaining the duration of effective plasma concentrations, the infusion time should be at least 30 min and no longer than 4.5 h. The validity of the simulations was subsequently tested in 4 of the patients, who received cimetidine 200 mg i.v. over 30 min. The mean maximum plasma concentration for the 30 min infusion (4.57±0.53 µg/ml) was, as predicted, approximately half that corresponding to bolus administration in these patients (8.97±1.96 µg/ml). Moreover, the duration of effective concentrations for the infusion (1.43±0.28 h) was significantly greater than that for the 5 min infusion (1.21±0.31 h). We suggest that where an acute intravenous dose of cimetidine (200 mg) is indicated, it should be administered over at least 30 min rather than as a bolus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544010
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  • 3
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    Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teillaud, J L -- Desaymard, C -- Giusti, A M -- Haseltine, B -- Pollock, R R -- Yelton, D E -- Zack, D J -- Scharff, M D -- 5T32GM7288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI05231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10702/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):721-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/*immunology ; *Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Genes ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Effect of prior immunization on induction of cervial cancer in mice by herpes simplex virus type 2 (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: Previous studies at this laboratory showed that repeated application of inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 to the mouse cevix produced premalignant and malignant lesions. In the present study mice were inoculated with inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 or control solution and Freund's adjuvant by intraperitoneal and subcuaneous routes before exposure of the cervix to inactivated virus. It appears that immunization with inactivated virus conferred a protection against the induction of cervical carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wentz, W B -- Heggie, A D -- Anthony, D D -- Reagan, J W -- CA-31973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1128-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Herpes Simplex/*complications ; Immunization ; Mice ; Simplexvirus/immunology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral tolmesoxide (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolmesoxide ; metabolite ; volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous ; oral ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed for simultaneous measurement of the plasma levels of tolmesoxide and its principal metabolite, RX71112. The assay was used to study the disposition of intravenous and oral tolmesoxide in ten normotensive subjects. Two exponential terms were required to describe the disposition of the drug following intravenous administration, whilst a single exponential term sufficied to account for the decay in the plasma concentration after oral administration. The bioavailability of oral tolmesoxide from capsules averaged 84.5% and was independent of dose. The mean half-life after i. v. dosing was 2.6 h (±0.3 SEM) compared to values of 1.9 h (±0.1 SEM) and 2.7 h (±0.5 SEM) following 200 and 400 mg oral doses respectively. In all subjects RX71112 appeared in plasma shortly after tolmesoxide following both routes of administration. The terminal half-life of the metabolite was significantly longer than tolmesoxide with a mean value of 4.9 h (±0.9 SEM) following the 200 mg oral dose of tolmesoxide. The binding of tolmesoxide and RX71112 at therapeutic plasma concentration was 36.8% (±0.5 SEM) and 58.5% (±0.3 SEM) and this remained unchanged at higher concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fazadinium in renal failure (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: neuromuscular relaxants ; fazadinium ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure ; neuromuscular transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic behaviour and neuromuscular blockade produced by the administration of fazadinium bromide at a dose of 1 mg/kg have been studied in seven patients with end-stage renal failure. No significant differences were found in the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties when compared with patients with normal renal function. It is suggested that fazadinium may be superior to either d-tubocurarine or pancuronium in providing muscle relaxation for patients with renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618780
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of astemizole on ethanol dynamics or kinetics (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 567-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: astemizole ; ethanol ; antihistamine ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of astemizole (10 mg daily for 7 days) on the kinetics and CNS depressant activity of ethanol have been examined in a double-blind cross-over study agonist placebo in 7 volunteers. There was no significant change in the elimination rate or AUC of the plasma ethanol concentration-time curve after astemizole. Central nervous system effects of ethanol as monitored by visual analogues of sedation, visual discrimination, pursuit rotor and reaction time were also unaffected by astemizole pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542130
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem after intravenous and oral administration (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous dose ; oral dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetic profile of diltiazem, a novel calcium antagonist, was studied in 12 volunteers following oral (60 mg) and intravenous (15 mg) administration. After i.v. administration biphasic elimination was observed, with a distribution half-life of 0.3±0.2 h and an elimination half-life of 3.1±1.0 h; the apparent volume of distribution was 5.3±1.71/kg and the total clearance was 1.28±0.48 l/kg/h. After the oral dose the elimination phase had a half-life of 3.2±1.3 h. The absolute bioavailability of diltiazem ranged from 24 to 74% (mean 42±18%). The interindividual variation may be explained by a variable first pass effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610053
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  • 9
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    Radioactive labeling of antibody: a simple and efficient method (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: A simple and efficient method of covalently coupling the strong chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid to proteins was developed for radiolabeling immunoglobulin G antibodies. After being coupled and labeled with indium-111, a monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen retained its ability to bind to its antigen in vitro and in vivo. In nude mice with a human colorectal xenograft, 41 percent of the injected radioactivity became localized in each gram of xenograft at 24 hours compared with 9 percent for control antibody and 19 percent for radioiodinated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hnatowich, D J -- Layne, W W -- Childs, R L -- Lanteigne, D -- Davis, M A -- Griffin, T W -- Doherty, P W -- 1 RO1 CA26968/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1 RO1 GM26780/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Isotope Labeling/*methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pentetic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Atypical pulmonary thrombosis caused by a toxic cyanobacterial peptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: Parenteral injection into mice of a toxic pentapeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa induced thrombocytopenia, pulmonary thrombi, and hepatic congestion. The lethality of the toxin was unaffected by several anticoagulants. The acute liver damage that follows injection of the toxin has been attributed to direct action on liver cells but may be due to hypoxemia, heart failure, and shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slatkin, D N -- Stoner, R D -- Adams, W H -- Kycia, J H -- Siegelman, H W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1383-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Toxins ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Cyanobacteria/*metabolism ; Female ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Marine Toxins/*adverse effects ; Mice ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Platelet Count ; Pulmonary Embolism/*chemically induced/microbiology/pathology ; Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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