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  • Articles  (86)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (86)
  • 1980-1984  (83)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1983  (45)
  • 1981  (38)
  • 1960  (3)
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  • Articles  (86)
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  • 1980-1984  (83)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of a filamentous mold in a glass pilot-scale airlift fermentor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 863-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results of pilot plant studies using a glass airlift fermentation device (55 liter fermentation volume) have proven the relative merits of such a system in the fermentation of a filamentous mold, Monascus purpureus, on 4% (w/w) starch media. The resultant overall yield of cell mass (Yx/s) of 0.38 was an appreciable increase over the 0.32 obtained with a pilot scale stirred tank fermentor previously studied. Power requirements of the airlift fermentor were approximately 50% of those for the mechanically agitated system. The lack of mechanical shear in the airlift system provides a more gentle environment or the cultivation of organisms than does the high degree of shear prevalent in the mechanically agitated vessels. Mass transfer of oxygen to the aqueous phase of the fermentation volume is improved significantly through use of the airlift device. Mass transfer coefficients in the range of 200 reciprocal hr were obtained to approximately 80 reciprocal hr in the stirred tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230416
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic on-line fermentation headspace gas analysis using a computer-controlled gas chromatograph (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2503-2518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer-controlled headspace gas chromatograph was used to monitor the progress of ethanol production from both aerobic batch and anaerobic continuous fermentations. Using an automatic, electropneumatic sampling system, aliquots of fermentation headspace gas were injected directly onto the column for quantitative ethanol determinations every six minutes. A sample volume of 1 mL permitted liquid ethanol concentrations from 2 to 100 g/L to be measured with better than 3% standard deviation on five repeated injections. Provided fermenter liquid temperature and ionic strength were maintained constant, the signal-tohyphen;concentration ratio remained linear to 80 g/L ethanol. This quantitative gas chromatographic (GC) method is suitable for accurate, precise analysis of multiple solvent fermentations, and is limited only by the elution rate and separating capacity of the GC column.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of physical and physicochemical pretreatments of wood for SCP production with Chaetomium cellulolyticum (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2417-2420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relatively poor SCP production (4.2 mg/L h) was obtained using C. cellulolyticum and ground aspen wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure for 1 h. The percentage of protein in the final product increased to 21.4% at a specific growth rate of 0.15 h-1 when the wood sample was treated with steam at a higher pressure (280 psig for 4 min) according to the "Stake" process. Alkali treatment (10% and 15% w/w at 121°C for 30 min), known to solubilize hemicelluloses and some of the lignin, gave intermediate results. More complete delignification of wood using NaClO2 increased the protein composition in the final product to 37.9%, at a specific growth rate of 0.19 h-1. Cellulose utilization was lowest (12.4%) in the case of the wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure; it was higher at 75.3 and 78.5% for wood treated with NaOH at 10 and 15% w/w levels, respectively. The cellulose utilization was highest (90%) for wood treated with NaClO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of ethanol from fermentation broths using selective sorption-desorption (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Industrialized nations face a critical problem in replacing the sources of liquid fuels that traditionally have been supplied by petroleum. One solution that has gained increasing support in this country is the use of ethanol produced by fermentation of renewable biomass as an extender in, or supplement to, gasoline for transportation fuel. Distillation, the present method of separating ethanol from the fermentation broth, is an energy-intensive one and frequently uses more energy than is available from the ethanol recovered. There are many investigations under way to find alternative, less energy-intensive techniques for the ethanol-water separation. The separations method described in this article involves the use of solid materials to preferentially remove ethanol from fermentation broths. Subsequent stripping of the ethanol from the sorbent with a dry gas reduces dramatically the energy required for the separation. Three solid sorbents have been investigated experimentally. Their sorption/desorption characteristics are described, and their incorporation in an ethanol recovery process is evaluated. Three sorbents were investigated: two commercially available divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene resins in bead form (one with a nominal surface area of 300 m2/g, the other with 750 m2/g) and an experimental proprietary molecular sieve with hydrophobic properties. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms for two of the sorbents were obtained at ambient temperature (21°C) for ethanol-water solutions containing up to 12 wt. % ethanol. In addition, 40°C isotherms were obtained for the polystyrene sorbents. Although different, the equilibrium isotherms for the sorbents indicated that ethanol could be preferentially sorbed from a dilute solution. Column breakthrough curves indicated very favorable kinetics. Desorption of the ethanol was readily effected with warm (60-80°C), dry nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic acid production from CO2/H2 and CO/H2 by mixed-culture anaerobes (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2293-2306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gases CO, CO2, and H2 were used as substrates in anaerobic fermentations producing organic acids. Various mixed bacterial sources were used, including sewage sludge digester effluent, rabbit feces, and soil. Nonsterile microorganism selection was carried out using CO2/H2 and CO/H2 as the primary carbon and energy sources. Cultures were grown in specially designed, high-pressure (to 70 psig) flasks. Methanogenic bacteria were eliminated from the cultures. Liquid products of the fermentations were acetic through caproic acids, with the even-numbered acids predominating. Carbon balances showed conclusively that acetic acid was formed from carbon contained in the CO or CO2 feed gas. Measurements made included rates of acid product formation, cell density, and degree of gas utilization. Limited characterization of the microorganisms was also performed. Production of organic acids by mixed culture inocula from CO2/H2 or CO/H2 had not been reported previously. Application of this work is to the production of organic chemicals from synthesis gas (SNG), produced by the gasification of fossil fuels (peat, lignite, and various ranks of coals), biomass (agricultural and forest residues, and various biomass crops grown expressly for energy recovery), and municipal solid waste.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231012
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An enzyme electrode for specific determination of L-lysine: A real-time control sensor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lysine decarboxylase (L-lysine carboxylyase, E.C.4.1.1.18) is immobolized on a carbon dioxide gas-sensing electrode, by copolymerization with gelatin using the bifuncitional agent glutaraldehyde. The enzyme electrodes thus prepared are used in a continuous flow system to measure the concentration of L-lysine in a mixture of amino acids. The measuring time for each sample is about 3 min, including response and rinsing times. The electrode response is linear between 0.01-1 g/L and has a high specificity for L-lysine. The enzyme electrode response to lysine at concentrations below 0.5 g/L is stable on repeated use for at least 500 assays.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and functional characterization of hydrocarbon emulsifying and solubilizing factors produced by a Pseudomonas species (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 387-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas PG-1 cultivated on pristane produced in good amount a heat-stable polymeric substance which showed strong hydrocarbon emulsifying and solubilizing properties. The substance was isolated in crude form and was found to contain 34% protein, 16% carbohydrate, and 40% lipid. The hydrocarbon solubilizing activity of the isolate was strongly inhibited by EDTA but the chelating agent had no effect on the hydrocarbon emulsifying activity. Both activities of the isolate were strongly inhibited by chymotrypsin treatment indicating the importance of the protein moiety for its activity. Hydrocarbon solubilization by the isolate showed a certain degree of specificity to pristane in modest agitation generally used in microbial cultivation, but this specificity was lost by vigorous agitation in a Waring blender. It was proposed that in the first case, solubilization was effected by a solubilizing factor specific to pristane, whereas in the latter case, nonspecific solubilization occurred due to the action of the emulsifying factor. The rate of pristane solubilization by heat-treated culture broth under the conditions of agitation used in cultivation (rotary shaker, 120 rpm) was found to be ca. 750 mg L-1 h-1 which was much larger than the maximal pristane uptake rate of 170 mg L-1 h-1 observed during microbial growth on the substrate. It was concluded that hydrocarbon solubilization could satisfactorily account for the substrate uptake and growth.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode of uptake of insoluble solid substrates by microorganisms. I: Sterol uptake by an arthrobacter species (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2929-2943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mode of uptake of sterols, which are nearly insoluble in water by an Arthrobacter species, was studied on the basis of substrate transfer via the aqueous phase (solubilization/pseudosolubilization) and through direct contact with sterol particles. Growth of the organism, on stero powder was predominantly in nonlogarithmic in character, indicating a possible limitation of substrate transfer. Soluble sterol was shown to be the preferential form of the substrate for assimilation by the organism. Evidence was obtained for increased solubilizition of β-sitosterol and cholesterol during microbial growth on these substrates. But the rate of solubilization of β-sitosterol (3.06 mg L-1 h-1) was too inadequate to account for the observed substrate uptake rare (107 mg L-1 h-1) during growth. A cholesterol solubilization rate of 44 mg L-1 h-1 could, however, account to an appreciable extent for the observed cholesterol uptake rate of 140 mg L-1 h-1 during growth. Increasing attachement of cells to sterol particles during growth was observed by microscopic examination, indicating that growth may take place over the surface of sterol particles. By using the synthetic surfactant HYOXYD AAO (alkyl aryl polyglycol ether), which prevented attachment of cells to sterol particles without affecting the metabolic integrity of the cells, it was shown that growth indeed took place predominantly on the surface of the sterol particles. Increased generation of finer particles of sterol, which provides increased substrate surface area during growth, was demonstrated. It was concluded that with β-sitosterol, growth takes place almost entirely by attachement, whereas with cholesterol, about 30% of the growth take place on solubilized substrate and the rest through attachament.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass algal culture in space operations (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 2 (1960), S. 299-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system is described which uses photosynthesis to regenerate oxygen from exhaled carbon dioxide in sealed cabins in the absence of gravity. Design considerations as to choice of algal strain, illumination, nutrients and gas-exchange methods are discussed. Details are given of such an apparatus, of laboratory size, used to evaluate selected semipermeable gas-exchange membranes. Data is presented and extrapolated to estimate size and weight of a possible manned space system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390020306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced product formation in continuous fermentations with microbial cell recycle*Portions of this paper were first presented at the ACS National Meeting, Chicago, II-linois, August 29, 1977. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 373-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of partial recycle of microbial cells on the operation of a chemostat has been investigated for two fermentations. Stable steady states without partial cell recycle were obtained for the conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans 1916B and for the conversion of glucose to 2-ketogluconic acid by Serratia marcescens NRRL B-486. The employment of partial cell recycle dramatically increased product formation rates for both fermentations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230212
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