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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (106)
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
  • 1991  (55)
  • 1982  (51)
  • 1934
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  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
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    Tunable diode-laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A diode-laser-based, ultrahigh resolution IR heterodyne spectrometer for laboratory and field use has been developed for operation between 7.5 and 8.5 microns. The local oscillator is a PbSe tunable diode laser kept continuously at operating temperatures of 12-60 K using a closed-cycle cooler. The laser output frequency is controlled and stabilized using a high-precision diode current supply, constant temperature controller, and a shock isolator mounted between the refrigerator cold tip and the diode mount. The system largely employs reflecting optics to minimize losses from internal reflection and absorption and to eliminate chromatic effects. Spectral analysis of the diode-laser output between 0 and 1 GHz reveals excess noise at many diode current settings, which limits the IR spectral regions over which useful heterodyne operation can be achieved. Observations have been made of atmospheric N2O, O3, and CH4 between 1170 and 1200/cm, using both a single-frequency swept IF channel and a 64-channel RF spectral line receiver with a total IF coverage of 1600 MHz.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
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  • 2
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    Charge coupled devices (CCDs) in X-ray astronomy (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The application of CCDs to X-ray imaging and spectroscopy in astronomy is discussed with special attention given to the special requirements of CCDs for X-ray astronomy (as opposed to those for traditional optical applications). The development status of CCDs for X-ray astronomy applications is described, and results of recent research in the area of optimizing the CCD X-ray response are presented. It is shown that very high quantum efficiencies and Fano noise-limited energy resolutions can be obtained using CCDs.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Experimental Astronomy (ISSN 0922-6435); 2; 3 19
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  • 3
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    Tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is a passive technique employing coherent optical detection for the study of spectral features in remote sources. It employs optical components such as mirrors and lenses normally associated with incoherent optics, but because of it's coherent nature, it offers the advantages of ultrahigh spectral resolving power, high frequency precision, and diffraction limited field-of-view. Attention is given to the development of an ultrahigh resolution diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for observational and laboratory use. The instrument is designed for operation in the spectral range from 7.5 to 8.5 microns. A PbSe tuneable diode laser (TDL) is employed as local oscillator. A closed-cycle cooler is employed to keep the oscillator at operating temperatures in the range from 12 to 60 K. Attention is given to factors determining the TDL heterodyne sensitivity, the spectrometer design, and a survey of 8 micron observations, SiO could be detected in the sunspot spectrum.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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  • 4
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    Long-term changes in the total ozone mapping spectrometer relative to world primary standard Dobson spectrometer 83 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The stability of the calibration of the Nimbus 7 solar backscatter UV (SBUV) and total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) instruments by comparing their ozone measurements with those made by a single, very stable Dobson instrument: the world primary standard Dobson spectrometer number 83. Measurements of ozone made with instrument 83 at Mauna Loa observatory in eight summers between 1979 and 1989 were compared with coincident TOMS ozone measurements. The comparison shows that relative to instrument 83, ozone measured by TOMS (and SBUV) was stable between 1979 and approximately 1983, had decreased by 3 percent by 1986, and had decreased by almost 7 percent by 1989. A similar time dependence is seen when data from an ensemble of 39 Dobson stations throughout the world is compared with TOMS over the period 1979-1987. The most likely reason for the relative drift is that the diffuser plate used by both SBUV and TOMS to measure solar flux has suffered an uncorrected wavelength-dependent degradation, with most of the degradation occurring after 1983. The recently released version 6 TOMS data, corrected using the internal 'pair justification' technique, show almost no drift relative to Dobson instrument 83. Accurate measurements of long-term global ozone change will require a coherent system incorporating both ground-based and satellite-based ozone measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 2987-299
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  • 5
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    Signal processing considerations for low signal to noise ratio laser Doppler and phase Doppler signals (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The relative performance of current methods used for estimating the phase and the frequency in LDV and phase Doppler applications in low signal to noise ratio conditions is analyzed. These methods include the Fourier analysis and the correlation techniques. Three methods that use the correlation function for frequency and phase estimations are evaluated in terms of accuracy and speed of processing. These methods include: (1) the frequency estimation using zero crossings counting of the auto-correlation function, (2) the Blackman-Tukey method, and (3) the AutoRegressive method (AR). The relative performance of these methods is evaluated and compared with the Fourier analysis method which provides the optimum performance in terms of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criteria.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Laser anemometry - Advances and applications 1991; Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, Cleveland, OH, Aug. 5-9, 1991. Vol. 2 (A93-23776 08-35); p. 685-692.
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  • 6
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    WTEC panel report on European nuclear instrumentation and controls (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Control and instrumentation systems might be called the 'brain' and 'senses' of a nuclear power plant. As such they become the key elements in the integrated operation of these plants. Recent developments in digital equipment have allowed a dramatic change in the design of these instrument and control (I&C) systems. New designs are evolving with cathode ray tube (CRT)-based control rooms, more automation, and better logical information for the human operators. As these new advanced systems are developed, various decisions must be made about the degree of automation and the human-to-machine interface. Different stages of the development of control automation and of advanced digital systems can be found in various countries. The purpose of this technology assessment is to make a comparative evaluation of the control and instrumentation systems that are being used for commercial nuclear power plants in Europe and the United States. This study is limited to pressurized water reactors (PWR's). Part of the evaluation includes comparisons with a previous similar study assessing Japanese technology.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-198560 , NAS 1.26:198560 , PB92-100197
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  • 7
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    A digital optical torquemeter for high rotational speed applications (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A digital optical torquemeter system designed for applications at high rotational speeds was fabricated and tested for zero stability at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Data obtained in a spin rig and with simulated inputs demonstrate that the system is capable of measuring torque bar twist to within 0.03 degrees at speeds of 30,000 rpm. The optical system uses fiber optic bundles to transmit light to the torque bar and to silicon avalanche detectors. The system is microcomputer based and provides measurements of average torque and torque as a function of angular shaft position. The torquemeter requires no bearings or other contact between the rotating torque bar and the nonrotating optics, and tolerates movement of the torque bar as large as 1 mm relative to the optics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-82914 , E-1189 , NAS 1.15:82914
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  • 8
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    Instrument manual for the retarding ion mass spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer-1 (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) for Dynamics Explorer-1 is an instrument designed to measure the details of the thermal plasma distribution. It combines the ion temperature determining capability of the retarding potential analyzer with the compositional capabilities of the mass spectrometer and adds multiple sensor heads to sample all directions relative to the spacecraft ram direction. This manual provides a functional description of the RIMS, the instrument calibration, and a description of the commands which can be stored in the instrument logic to control its operation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-82484 , NAS 1.15:82484
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  • 9
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    The obstacle block as a device to measure turbulent skin friction in compressible flow (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The obstacle block, developed as an alternative to the Preston tube for indirectly measuring skin friction on smooth surfaces in incompressible flows, is examined as a device for compressible flows as well. The block, which is congruent with a surface static pressure orifice, has a geometry which is easily specified and thus has a universal calibration. Data from two independent studies are used to establish such a calibration using 'wall' variables, valid for Mach numbers up to about 3. Various aspects concerning practical application of the device are examined, such as sensitivity to yaw and the minimum permissible axial spacing between blocks. Several examples showing the utility of the device are given.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 82-0589 , In: Aerodynamic Testing Conference; Mar 22, 1982 - Mar 24, 1982; Williamsburg, VA
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  • 10
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    Electronic considerations for externally segmented germanium detectors (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The dominant background source for germanium gamma ray detector spectrometers used for some astrophysics observations is internal beta decay. Externally segmented germanium gamma ray coaxial detectors can identify beta decay by localizing the event. Energetic gamma rays interact in the germanium detector by multiple Compton interactions while beta decay is a local process. In order to recognize the difference between gamma rays and beta decay events, the external electrode (outside of detector) is electrically partitioned. The instrumentation of these external segments and the consequence with respect to the spectrometer energy signal is examined.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Symposium on Gamma-Ray Line Astrophysics; Dec 10, 1990 - Dec 13, 1990; Paris; France
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