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  • English  (5)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-10
    Description: The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-06-15
    Description: Navigation and location services are critical to national security, economic development and social livelihood, and play a pivotal and indispensable role in the new generation of information technology strategic emerging industries. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) cannot provide reliable positioning and navigation services for indoor environments because the signals are blocked by buildings. Pseudolites can overcome the shortcomings of GNSS. By simulating similar navigation signals in an indoor environment and using commercial receivers to achieve seamless indoor and outdoor positioning, it has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of indoor positioning. This article systematically discusses the basic framework, signal system design, positioning algorithm and application of several typical scenarios of pseudolite indoor positioning system, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of pseudolite indoor positioning and the future development direction.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-28
    Description: The new generation of BDS-3 broadcasted open service signals B1C and B2a, which are compatible and interoperable with GPS and Galileo overlapping frequency signals, are suitable for multi-GNSS PPP-AR. However, multipath errors caused by a complex environment can affect the ability of ambiguity resolution, thereby restricting the positioning performance of multi-GNSS. Due to different orbital repeat periods of GNSS systems, the implementation complexity of a multipath correction based on time-domain is relatively high, while that based on spatial-domain are research hotspot at present. Based on the multipath hemispherical map, four multipath processing schemes, namely, the independent modeling and correction (I-MHM, I-TMHM), together with the joint modeling and correction (C-MHM, C-TMHM) of different GNSS systems are proposed. We find that the residuals of GPS, BDS-3, and Galileo overlapping frequency show a strong correlation at the same spatial position after considering the GNSS inter-system biases, while the multipath joint modeling and correction method can improve the positioning performance more than the independent modeling and correction. This can be attributed to the ability of multi-GNSS to improve the space coverage within grids, making the modeling results more explanatory. Compared to C-MHM, the C-TMHM derived positioning accuracy and convergence time of combined GCE can be improved by up to 29.3% and 40.7%, respectively. The multi-GNSS data modeling time can be shortened by more than half to obtain a correction effect similar to that of full orbit period modeling. This research has significant applicability for mitigating multipath errors in various scenarios to improve positioning reliability.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-26
    Description: The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked[1,2,3], yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently[4,5]. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)[4]. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future.
    Description: Abstract Main Quantifying ESBs Toward a safe and just future Methods Data availability Code availability References Acknowledgements Funding Author information Ethics declarations Peer review Additional information Extended data figures and tables
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: Crop pests and diseases (CPDs) are emerging threats to global food security, but trends in the occurrence of pests and diseases remain largely unknown due to the lack of observations for major crop producers. Here, on the basis of a unique historical dataset with more than 5,500 statistical records, we found an increased occurrence of CPDs in every province of China, with the national average rate of CPD occurrence increasing by a factor of four (from 53% to 218%) during 1970–2016. Historical climate change is responsible for more than one-fifth of the observed increment of CPD occurrence (22% ± 17%), ranging from 2% to 79% in different provinces. Among the climatic factors considered, warmer nighttime temperatures contribute most to the increasing occurrence of CPDs (11% ± 9%). Projections of future CPDs show that at the end of this century, climate change will lead to an increase in CPD occurrence by 243% ± 110% under a low-emissions scenario (SSP126) and 460% ± 213% under a high-emissions scenario (SSP585), with the magnitude largely dependent on the impacts of warmer nighttime temperatures and decreasing frost days. This observation-based evidence highlights the urgent need to accurately account for the increasing risk of CPDs in mitigating the impacts of climate change on food production.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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