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  • 551
  • Tsunami
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  • 1
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    Tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean: 2011-2012 (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Pacific Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a catastrophic tsunami that killed nearly 20,000 people along the coast of Japan and caused the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean and also affected many other countries, including Russia, the USA, New Zealand, French Polynesia and Chile, demonstrating once again the terrible threat that tsunami waves pose for Pacific countries and the need for basin-wide international scientific collaboration. Following a brief introduction, this volume presents 21 scientific papers, including 12 on aspects of the 2011 Tohoku event. A first group of papers provides detailed field survey results from the coasts of Japan and Russia and examines the wave dynamics on the basis of these surveys, the source mechanism of the earthquake, and the far-field impacts of the Tohoku tsunami. The second group reports on the 2012 tsunamis in El Salvador, the Philippines, off the east coast of Honshu and the landmark Haida Gwaii event off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, while the papers in a third set discuss a number of remaining challenging questions in tsunami science and warning. The volume will be of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation and coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering – as well as those in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering – will also find the book a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with the latest advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 366 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034808644
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/171/12/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Tsunami Science: Ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami : Volume II (2016)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Indian Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: Ten years ago, on December 26, 2004, one of the world’s most destructive natural disasters occurred. A magnitude Mw 9.1 earthquake (third strongest ever instrumentally recorded) generated a global tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and propagated as far as the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Since then, various countries from around the globe contributed major funding to tsunami research and mitigation, enabling the installation of hundreds of new high-precision instruments, the development of new technology and the establishment of more modern communication systems. As a result, incredible progress has been achieved in tsunami research and operation during the ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The papers presented in this second of two special volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time, including two papers devoted to global observations. Five papers provide new findings specifically in the Indian Ocean. Eight papers cover Pacific Ocean studies, focusing mainly on the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Remaining papers in the volume describe studies in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and general tsunami source studies. The volume is of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in all aspects of tsunamis from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation and coastal impacts. Postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering – as well as students in the broader geosciences, civil and environmental engineering – will also find the book to be a valuable resource, as it combines recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 406 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809597
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/12/
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Tsunami Science: Ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami : Volume I (2015)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Indian Ocean
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the first volume of a collection of essays focusing on progress in tsunami science since the great tsunami of 26 December. A magnitude Mw 9.1 earthquake (third strongest ever instrumentally recorded) generated a global tsunami that killed about 230,000 people along the coasts of 14 countries in the Indian Ocean and propagated as far as the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Since then, various countries from around the globe contributed major funding to tsunami research and mitigation, enabling the installation of hundreds of new high-precision instruments, the development of new technology and the establishment of more modern communication systems. As a result, incredible progress has been achieved in tsunami research and operation during the ten years after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The papers presented in this first of two special volumes of Pure and Applied Geophysics reflect the state of tsunami science during this time. Eight papers are related to case studies highlighting regional hazards around the globe, while five papers record progress in tsunami warning systems. Benchmark studies that describe the accuracy of numerical models for tsunami impact, as well as a variety of inundation and generation studies, are presented by 7 additional papers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034809115
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/172/3/
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Karbonatbänke mit Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott, Bacinella irregularis Radoicic ; Paläobathymetrie, Paläoökologie und stratigraphisches Äquivalent zu thrombolithischen Mud Mounds (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Aus dem Unter-/Mittelalb von Nordspanien wird ein Profil mit bis zu 8 m mächtigen Lithocodium/ Bacinella Boundstones vorgesteUt. Die mikrofaziell-sedimentologische Analyse des Profils crgibt für die Lithocodium/ Bacinella Bänke eine bathymetrische Position vom tieferen Subtidal bis flachsten Subtidal/lntertidal. Die maximale Tiefenposition ist an die photische Zone gebunden, die wiederum durch das Ausmaß toniger Suspensionen beeinflußt wird. Die bathymetrische Obergrenze ist mechanisch kontrolliert (z.B. WeUenenergie, Tidenströme). Lithocodium/Bacinella ist zusammen mit anderen Algen/Mikroben ein charakteristischer Bestandteil thrombolithischer Mud Mounds (z.B. Gandara Mound). Die funktionelle Rolle von Lithocodium/Bacinella bei der Mud Mound Genese umfaßt Baffling und Binding, AutomikritProduktion durch Kalzifizierung innerhalb organischer Schleimhüllen und eine Mikritproduktion über intensive Bohraktivitäten an eingelagerten karbonatischen Hartteilen. Das massenhafte Auftreten von Lithocodillm/ Bacinella und diversen Algen/Mikroben kann mit einer längerfristigen Eutrophierung des Lebensraumes oder mit Schwankungen der Karbonat-Alkalinät des Meerwassers erklärt werden.
    Description: A section including Lithocodium/ Bacinella boundstones with a thickness of up to 8 m is reported from the Lower /Middle Albian of northern Spain. According to microfacies and sedimentological analyses the bathymetric position of the Lithocodium/ Bacinella banks ranges from deeper subtidal to shaUowest subtidal/intertidal conditions. The maximum depth is related to the photic zone, which ,itself is controled by the amount of muddy suspension. The upper bathymetric limit is mechanically defin'ed and corresponds to increased depositional energy (i.e. waves and tidal currents). Together with other algae and microbes Lithocodium/ Bacinella is a major constituent of thrombolitic mud mounds (Gandara mound). In the context of mud mound genesis the functional role of Lithocodium/ Bacinella includes baffling and binding, the production of micrite via the calcification inside of mucilagenous sheaths, and via intensive boring activities upon and inside of skeletal hardparts. The mass occurrence of Lithocodium/ Bacinella with associated algae and microbes may be explained by a longer ranging eutrophism of the environment or by shifts in seawater carbonate alkalinity.
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 5
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    Eiszeitliche Erscheinungen im nördlichen Schwarzwald (2020)
    Selbstverlag der Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z GEOGR 53:87
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, ob die zahlreichen Karnischen des Nordschwarzwalds echte Kare sind und die Schneegrenze hier besonders tief gelegen hat oder die Schneegrenze wie im übrigen Deutschland über 900 m hoch lag und es sich dann kaum um echte Kare handelt. Der Autor untersuchte dazu Kare und Quelltrichter besonders im badischen Teil des Nordschwarzwalds, weil dort die Kare meist nicht auf den geologischen Karten verzeichnet sind. Reisen in den Südschwarzwald, in die Vogesen und in den Bayrischen Wald dienten dem Vergleich. Im Verlauf der weiteren Untersuchungen stieß er auf zahlreiche Wirkungen des Eiszeitklimas. Vor allem interessierte ihn der Gehängeschutt, da über ihn bis dahin fast gar nichts bekannt war.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910 ; 551 ; VAR 400 ; VAR 800 ; VAR 910 ; VEB 143 ; Glazialmorphologie ; Periglazialerscheinungen ; Europa {Glazialgeologie} ; Oberrheinische Massen {Geologie} ; Nordschwarzwald ; Glaziallandschaft ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 86
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  • 6
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    Controlling factors and environmental significance of organomicrite production and buildup development (2010)
    Geologisches Institut der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 7
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    Microbial carbonate crusts - a key to the environmental analysis of fossil spongiolites? (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Morphological and geochemical comparisons between modern cryptic microbialites from Lizard Island/Great Barrier Reef and fossil counterparts in the Upper Jurassic (Southern Germany, Dobrogea/Romania) and late Lower Cretaceous (Aptian/ Albian from Cantabria/Spain) spongiolitic environments show that there are common factors controlling the crust formations mostly independent of light despite of diverging (paleo-) oceanographic positions as well as relationships of competitors. Factors such as increased alkalinity ,oligotrophy, and reduced allochthonous deposition are of major importance. Thrombolitic microbialites are interpreted as biologically induced and therefore calcified in isotopic equilibrium with the surrounding sea water. Corresponding with shallowing upward cycles, microbial mats which produce stromatolitic peloidal crusts become more important. Different biomarkers are introduced for the first time extracted and analyzed from spongiolitic limes tones ofLower Kimmeridgian age from Southern Germany.
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 8
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    Northeast Siberian Permafrost Ice‐Wedge Stable Isotopes Depict Pronounced Last Glacial Maximum Winter Cooling (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of wedge ice hold potential to reconstruct past winter climate conditions. Here, we present records of the marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 including the last Glacial maximum (LGM) from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (NE Siberia). MIS 3 wedge ice dated from 52 to 40 Kyr b2k varies between −32 and −29‰ in δ18O. Colder LGM conditions are implied by δ18O of −37‰ around 25 Kyr b2k. Similar Deuterium excess values indicate comparable moisture sources during MIS 3 and MIS 2. Regional LGM climate reconstructions depend on the seasonal resolution of the proxies and model simulations. Our wedge‐ice record reflects coldest winters during global minima in atmospheric CO2 and sea level. The extreme LGM winter cooling is not represented in model projections of global LGM climate where West Beringia shows noticeably little cooling or even warming in mean annual temperatures compared to the late Holocene.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The geochemical signature of stable isotopes of permafrost ground ice preserves information about past climate conditions. A common type of ground ice is ice wedges that form by the freezing of snowmelt in frost cracks developed on the ground and grow over time in width and length. Winter temperatures, and the type (snow or rain) and origin (regional moisture source) of winter precipitation largely control the stable isotope characteristics of oxygen and hydrogen in ice wedges. Here, we study the stable isotope composition of ice wedges from the last glacial period in northeastern Siberia. Plant and animal fossils that were found within the ice and in the surrounding frozen ground provide age control spanning from more than 50 to 24 thousand years ago when the ice wedges grew. The coldest winter conditions are inferred from a New Siberian Island ice‐wedge site as indicated by the lowest stable isotope values of all our sampled ice wedges at times, corresponding to the last Glacial maximum around 25 thousand years ago.
    Description: Key Points: Pronounced west Beringian MIS 3 to MIS 2 winter cooling delineated in wedge‐ice stable isotope signatures. Coldest winters reflected by exceptionally depleted values of −37.4 ± 0.4‰ in δ18O and −292 ± 3‰ in δD in LGM wedge ice. LGM wedge ice directly radiocarbon‐dated to 25,890 and 23,980 yr b2k.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
    Keywords: 551 ; ground ice ; last Glacial maximum ; permafrost ; radiocarbon ; Siberia ; stable isotopes
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  • 9
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    Cadomian and Variscan metamorphic events in the Léon Domain (Armorican Massif) resolved by trace element analysis in monazite and garnet (2010)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The question, whether crustal domains are allochthonous terranes or not is crucial for plate tectonic models of the Ibero-Armorican segment of the Variscan belt. The Léon Domain in the Armorican Massif appears as a displaced crustal block as it bears a resemblance to the South Armorican Domain of the internal Variscan belt (Le Corre et al. 1989). In the central part of the Léon, the amphibolite-facies Conquet- Penze Micaschist Unit (CPMU) overlies the high-grade Lesneven Gneiss Unit (LGU). At the base of the LGU, a high-pressure stage at 700°C/〉13 kbar, recorded by garnet-clinopyroxene assemblages in eclogites was followed by a high-temperature event at 800°C/8 kbar with garnet and cordierite in aluminous paragneisses. Maximal temperatures in the upper parts of the LGU were 630°C/6 kbar. In the micaschists of the Conquet-Penze Unit, microstructures indicate a crystallization of garnet and then staurolite during the development of S1 and S2 foliations. Zoned garnet in assemblages with staurolite recorded prograde P–T paths from 490– 610°C at 5–8 kbar in the upper and at 6– 9 kbar in the lower parts of the CPMU. The foliation S2 was overprinted by shear bands with a top-to- SW directed normal sense of shear, corresponding to a dextral strike-slip movement (Balé & Brun 1986). A younger population of monazite with variable Y contents displays Variscan Th-U-Pb ages (EMP dating method) between 340 and 300Ma. In contrast, an older population of Cadomian monazite at 552–517Ma is uniformly rich in Y and was observed in samples with only few or even no garnet. As the 330–340Ma Saint Renan- Kersaint granite postdates the foliations S1 and S2 with peak metamorphic assemblages one can conclude that 340–300Ma Variscan monazites should postdate garnet crystallization.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEC 130 ; VKB 292 ; VHC 200 ; VBN 500 ; VJJ 310 ; VGC 300 ; Amorikanisches Massiv und Randzonen {Geologie} ; Metamorphe Komplexe, übriges Europa {Petrologie} ; Schwerminerale ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Lanthanoiden Lanthaniden, Seltene Erden {Geochemie} ; Analysedaten von Mineralen und Mineralparagenesen ; Armorikanisches Gebirge ; Variskische Gebirgsbildung ; Assyntische Faltungsphase ; Metamorphose 〈Geologie〉 ; Monazit ; Geochronologie
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 10
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    Multiple Antibody Targets on Herpes B Glycoproteins B and D Identified by Screening Sera of Infected Rhesus Macaques with Peptide Microarrays (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Herpes B virus (or Herpesvirus simiae or Macacine herpesvirus 1) is endemic in many populations of macaques, both in the wild and in captivity. The virus elicits only mild clinical symptoms (if any) in monkeys, but can be transmitted by various routes, most commonly via bites, to humans where it causes viral encephalitis with a high mortality rate. Hence, herpes B constitutes a considerable occupational hazard for animal caretakers, veterinarians and laboratory personnel. Efforts are therefore being made to reduce the risk of zoonotic infection and to improve prognosis after accidental exposure. Among the measures envisaged are serological surveillance of monkey colonies and specific diagnosis of herpes B zoonosis against a background of antibodies recognizing the closely related human herpes simplex virus (HSV). 422 pentadecapeptides covering, in an overlapping fashion, the entire amino acid sequences of herpes B proteins gB and gD were synthesized and immobilized on glass slides. Antibodies present in monkey sera that bind to subsets of the peptide collection were detected by microserological techniques. With 42 different rhesus macaque sera, 114 individual responses to 18 different antibody target regions (ATRs) were recorded, 17 of which had not been described earlier. This finding may pave the way for a peptide-based, herpes B specific serological diagnostic test.
    Keywords: Multiple Antibody Targets; Herpes B Glycoproteins B and D; Screening Sera; Rhesus Macaques ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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