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  • Articles  (569)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (569)
  • Chemistry  (530)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (212)
  • Physics  (23)
  • pharmacokinetics  (16)
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  • Articles  (569)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 660-667 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A technique was developed to surface immobilize plant cells and was scaled up in laboratory size bioreactors. This technique was shown not to hinder the biosynthetic potential of Catharanthus roseus immobilized cells and to induce a partial release (300 μg/L) of serpentine into the culture medium contrary to suspension cultured cells. The release pattern seemed to follow the biosynthesis trends of the product. This release mechanism could be stimulated by a factor of 10 within 2 h by increasing the pH of the culture from 5.0 to 5.5.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel technique has been developed to immobilize plant cells. The cells are deposited on a surface of manmade fibrous material that provides for strong binding of the plant tissue biomass growing in the submerged culture. The immobilized plant cells remain fully viable. Relatively uniform biomass loadings of up to 20 mg d.w. plant cells/cm2 support material have been attained. All plant cells from the inoculum suspension became attached within the first 24-48 h depending on the support matrix configuration and hydraulic culture conditions. The advantages and scale-up potential of this technique are discussed and compared to other culturing modes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 702-711 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The scaleup of the technique of plant cell surface immobilization was performed successfully in specifically designed laboratory size bioreactors. The immobilizing matrix was formed into a vertically wound spiral providing for a high immobilizing area-to-volume ratio (0.8-1.2 cm-1). A modified airlift and a mechanically stirred vessel delivered a best bioreactor performance characterized by low biomass frothing and highly efficient plant cell attachment and retention (≥96%). The growth of Catharanthus roseus cells investigated in these bioreactors was found not to be mass transfer limited. It required mild mixing and aeration levels (kLa ∼ 10-15 h-1). The biomass formation pattern of surface immobilized plant cells generally exhibited a linear growth phase followed by a stationary phase characterized by the presence of residual carbohydrates in the medium, contrary to suspension cultures. This behavior was found to depend on the plant cell type and/or line cultured, as well as on the inoculum age. The space restriction and unidirectional growth of the SIPC biofilm combined with the limited availability of essential intracellular nutrients rapidly accumulated from the medium by the stationary phase inoculated plant cells all likely contributed to the culture behavior.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 749-761 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Multi-cavity transfer molding is an important process step in several electronic and photonic technologies. In some applications, uniform filling of the cavities of the mold, or mold balancing, is required. A semi-empirical flow model to predict mold filling patterns was developed. The algorithm is a one-dimensional network flow simulation that uses experimental pressure drop data to determine the volumetric flow rate through the gates and runners. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken to determine these hydraulic resistances for different flow rates and mold geometries. A theoretical treatment is also described to compute hydraulic resistance from gate geometry. Uniform gate resistances provide unbalanced filling and higher velocities in the cavities. Balanced filling can significantly reduce the molding compound velocity and the flow induced stresses, but imperfect balancing compromises the benefits. Experimental filling patterns were obtained for two sets of gates. The agreement between the model and the experiments was satisfactory, and the discrepancies were attributed to correctable phenomena.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1796-1796 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 39 (1996), S. 627-639 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The swelling and viscoelastic behaviors of samples of purified arterial elastin were investigated to develop a model for studying the viscoelastic behavior of elastin. Two osmotic stress models were used: the vapor phase model (VPM), in which the stress on the elastin sample was applied through the vapor phase by equilibrating the sample over a saline solution, and the liquid phase model (LPM), in which the stress was applied through the liquid phase by equilibrating the sample in aqueous solutions of large molecular weight polymers. The elastin in the VPM showed a highly varied viscoelastic response, and was slightly stiffer and had a slightly higher damping coefficient than the elastin in the LPM at equivalent nominal relative humidities. We believe the difference in behavior of the elastin in the two models was due to geometric distortions of the elastin that occur during dehydration in the VPM. In the LPM, the spaces between the elastin fibrils are filled with water, and in the VPM these spaces collapse when the water is removed. Removal of only the interfibrillar water deswelled the tissue and increased its stiffness and damping coefficient.Viscoelastic spectra obtained at different levels of osmotic stress in the LPM were reducible to one master curve, indicating that the dominant effect of dehydration is a nonspecific reduction of molecular mobility. We conclude that the LPM is a better model than the VPM for studying the effects of dehydration on the mechanical behavior of elastin. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1399-1404 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new capillary rheometer incorporated in an instrumented transfer molding press has been developed. This rheometer is effective for determining the viscosity characteristics of thermoset molding compounds under both isothermal and typical molding conditions. In examples of the rheometer's utility, the power law indices of two commercial epoxy molding compounds have been determined to be approximately 0.7. Additionally it has been shown that preconditioning typical epoxy compounds at 47 percent relative humidity causes a viscosity decrease of about 40 percent owing to plasticization of the epoxy resin.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low resolution and complete high resolution mass spectra of a series of methyl and deuterium substituted bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-one derivatives have been measured. An attempt has been made to test the operation of a fragmentation process analogous to the known photochemical rearrangement, and to determine if the substitution effects critical to the photorearrangement also influence the electron-impact process. The fragmentation pattern of these conjugated cyclopropyl ketones is detailed and the influence of the cyclopropyl ring is discussed. It is suggested that electron-impact-induced rearrangements which are analogous to photochemical transformations will be relatively low energy processes and will remain prominent at low ionizing voltages.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 8 (1971), S. 197-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; Calcium ; Collagen ; Chemistry ; Bone ; Dentine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des composants fluorescents de l'os et la dentine sont séparés des hydrolysats alcalins de leur marice sur des colonnes Sephadex C25 CM d'échange cationique. Les concentrations en fluorescence et le spectre d'excitation (λ max 330 nm) et d'émission (λ max 395 nm) sont les mêmes que ceux observés au niveau des matrices intactes et gélatinisées. Les paramètres de fluorescence ne sont pas altérés par hydrolyse. La filtration sur gel à l'aide de colonnes Sephadex G 10 perment de différencier le matériel isolé en deux composants, ayant la même fluorescence et la même absorption UV. La fluorescence est indépendante de pH de 3.5–9.5. Des études de dialyse et de filtration sur gel de matrices gélatinisées indiquent une association étroite du matériel fluorescent avec les chaines polypeptidiques de collagène.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Fluorescierende Bestandteile aus Knochen und Dentin wurden in Sephadex C25 CM Kationen-Austauschersäulen von alkalischen Hydrolysaten ihrer Matrices getrennt. Die Fluorescenzintensitäten sowie die Erregungs- (λ max 330 nm) und Emissions- (λ max 395 nm) Spektren waren dieselben wie bei intakten und gelatinisierten Matrices. Die Fluorescenzparameter wurden durch die Hydrolyse nicht verändert. Eine Gelfiltration über Sephadex-G10-Säulen trennte das isolierte Material in 2 Komponenten auf, welche gleiche Fluorescenz- und UV-Absorptionseigenschaften zeigten. Im pH-Bereich zwischen 3,5 und 9,5 war die Fluorescenz unabhängig vom pH. Dialysierversuche sowie Gelfiltrationsexperimente mitden gelatinisierten Matrices zeigten eine starkgefügte Bindung des fluorescierenden Materials mit den Polypeptidketten des Kollagens.
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescent components in bone and dentine were separated from alkaline hydrolysates of their matrices on Sephadex C25 CM cationic exchange columns. The fluorescence levels, and the excitation (λ max 330 nm) and emission (λ max 395 nm) spectra, were the same as those observed in the intact and gelatinised matrices. The fluorescence parameters were unaltered by the hydrolysis procedure. Gel filtration on Sephadex G. 10 columns further resolved the isolated material into two components with the same fluorescence and UV absorption properties. The fluorescence was independent of pH over the range 3.5–9.5. Dialysis and gel filtration studies on the gelatinised matrices indicated a firmly-bonded association of the fluorescent material with the collagen polypeptide chains.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin ; pharmacokinetics ; infusions ; binding ; lipids ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis that unbound concentration better correlates with response than total plasma or blood concentration, the inter- and intra-subject variability in the distribution of cyclosporin within blood and to plasma components was studied in renal transplant patients. Pharmacokinetic aspects were also studied. Blood samples were analysed from patients who received the drug both by a 72-h i.v. infusion and orally (7 mg·kg−1 twice daily). Steady-state was reached within 18 h of starting the i.v. infusion; the plasma data were best fitted by a biexponential equation with half-times of 0.13–1.02 h and 4.3–13.9 h, associated with the two phases. The mean plasma clearance was 700 ml/min. Concentrations during the infusions measured by RIA and HPLC were comparable. Oral profiles showed rapid and extensive absorption. The peak plasma concentrations were 1460–1880 µg·l−1 and occurred 2–4 h after dosing, with bioavailability estimates of 41–113%. Concentrations measured by RIA were higher than by HPLC. Blood-to-plasma concentration ratio measurements of cyclosporin at 37°C decreased with increasing plasma concentration and increased with haematocrit. Fraction unbound, measured by ultracentrifugation, was in the range 0.042–0.122 with an average of 0.068, and varied little in some patients but showed systematic changes with time in others. Cyclosporin binding was found to be related not only to the triglyceride but, more particularly, to the cholesterol-related lipoproteins in plasma. Monitoring cholesterol may be helpful in identifying patients with extremes in binding or with widely varying binding.
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