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  • Articles  (584)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (584)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (389)
  • Chemistry  (195)
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  • 1980-1984  (325)
  • 1970-1974  (155)
  • 1965-1969  (88)
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  • Medicine  (584)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4 (1970), S. 145-187 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The influences of the conditioning treatments, surface topography, and crystal structure of carbonaceous surfaces on their ability to sorb heparin and their in vivo compatibility with blood were investigated. The results of the sorption studies indicated that the adsorption of heparin on the surfaces of turbostratic and graphitic materials is not crystallographically selective and that the amount adsorbed on relatively smooth surfaces is near the amount expected for monolayer formation. Although the adsorption of heparin on relatively smooth carbon surfaces is not influenced by the presence of benzalkonium chloride, the sorption of heparin in porous carbons can be greatly increased by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride. This increase was found to be due to the formation and entrapment of the insoluble heparin-benzalkonium complex in the accessible porosity. Since the heparin sorptions in Dag-154 coatings were found to be enhanced by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride, it was inferred that these coatings contain accessible porosity and that their initial thromboresistance depends on the formation of the benzalkonium-heparin complex in pores. In vivo tests showed that polished and outgassed, impermeable isotropic carbons deposited at low temperatures were significantly thromboresistant without the exogenous application of heparin. There was no relationship between the amount of heparin sorbed on these materials and their compatibility with blood. Polishing, for example, which reduced heparin sorption, enhanced the thromboresistance of these carbons, and while chemisorption of oxygen markedly reduced their thromboresistance, it did not influence the amount of heparin that could be sorbed. Although the heparin-benzalkonium complex sorbed in a porous carbon conferred excellent thromoboresistance in a 2-hr test, the long-tern (14-day) compatibility was not as good as for carbon surfaces that were deposited at low temperatures and then polished and outgassed prior to implanting. In vivo tests of HTI carbon structures and annealed LTI carbons indicate that the blood compatibility of a turbostratic carbon is not significantly dependent on crystallite size, Le. Limited tests of surfaces that had a preponderance of c-faces oriented parallel to the blood-carbon interface at the surface suggest that orientations of this sort are better than others.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 59-70 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous high-density polyethylene specimens were implanted in the femurs of mongrel canines. At the end of the residency period (3 or 6 months), the animals were sacrificed and the implants were retrieved. The work-of-fracture of the implant specimens was then determined using the technique of Tattersall and Tappin. The work required to fracture a specimen in three-point bending by controlled crack propagation through a triangular cross section was obtained directly from the load-deflection curve. The area of the resulting fracture surface was measured by macro-photographic techniques, and the work-of-fracture was calculated as work per unit area. The implants were subsequently sectioned and examined microradiographically to determine the extent of bone ingrowth. Bone specimens adjacent to the implants and porous high-density polyethylene controls (no ingrowth) were also tested to determine their work-of-fracture. The results showed that bone adjacent to the implant specimens had a higher work-of-fracture than normal medial, canine femoral bone and was not appreciably different from the composite. The work-of-fracture of porous high-density polyethylene was not significantly increased by an increase in bone infiltration, and this anomalous behavior was attributed to a degradation of the polyethylene during implant residence. Control studies supported this hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 3 (1969), S. 497-528 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The influences of conditioning treatments and surface topography on the heparin adsorptivity and the thromboresistance of a high-strength, impermeable, isotropic, pyrolytic carbon were investigated. The results of the adsorption studies indicate that the adsorption of heparin on such carbon surfaces is near the amount required for monolayer formation. The adsorbed heparin is rapidly elutriated in plasma. The heparin adsorption is not enhanced by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride. There was no relationship between the amount of heparin adsorbed on these materials and their compatibility with blood. Polishing, for example, which reduced heparin adsorption, enhanced the tromboresistance of these carbons, and while chemisorption of oxygen markedly reduced their thromboresistance, it did not influence the amount of heparin that could be adsorbed. In vivo tests showed that polished and outgassed, impermeable isotropic carbons deposited at low temperatures were significantly thromboresistant without the exogenous application of heparin. Examples of applications of these new materials in experimental valves are presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 381-398 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Numerous hypotheses exist to explain observed blood-materials interactions. It is the purpose of this article to test two popular hypotheses, namely, the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypothesis. Methacrylate polymers and copolymers were characterized using the captive bubble underwater contact angle method; bulk water content was determined by gravimetric methods; streaming potential measurements were made; and surface roughness and possible particulate contamination were evaluated by reflected light microscopy. In vitro blood tests include whole blood clotting time measurements on polymer-coated tubes; centrifugal force platelet adhesion on polymer-coated coverslips; and a measure of the partial thromboplastin time, Russell's viper venom time (Stypven time), and the prothrombin time of native whole blood exposed to polymer-coated microscope slides. Results suggest that platelet adhesion correlates in the opposite direction of whole blood clotting time and partial thromboplastin time, emphasizing the need for a multiparameter approach to blood-materials testing. Based on these tests the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis is not supported. In fact, the data suggest the opposite to be true. It is apparent that platelet adhesion can be a misleading indicator of blood compatibility. Neither hypotheses can explain the apparent conflict between the platelet adhesion data and the coagulation time data.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 112 (1982), S. 10-18 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intermediate subviral particles (ISVP) derived from reovirus represent a simple model system for the switch-on of transcriptase function. In such particles the endogenous transcriptase is present in a switched-off form, one step removed from the switched-on state. Switch-on of transcriptase function is an active process in this system and can be triggered by K+ ions. A variety of agents which affect gene expression in cells were tested for an effect on switch-on in ISVP. Marked effects on switch-on in ISVP were observed with a diverse group of test agents, including DMSO and other solvents, BUdR, TdR, caffeine, theophylline, and temperature. The correlation in response between ISVP and cells suggests that the ISVP system may be useful as a model for studying the biochemical mechanisms underlying the perturbative effects of such agents on gene expression in cells.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 171-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous ; Crystalline ; Calcium phosphate ; Chemistry ; Composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des échantillons non lavés de phosphate de calcium amorphe (ACP) contiennent une fraction labile, non remplaçable, riche en phosphate acide avec un rapport Ca/P faible: cette fraction est perdue de façon irréversible au cours du lavage. De l'ACP frais, précipité entre pH 6.6–10.6, varie dans un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.18 à 1.50 et dans un rapport HPO 4 2− /P total de 33.0% à 10.1%. A pH 7.40, de l'ACP frais a un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.36±0.02 et contient 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Les résultats obtenus avec du précipité non lavé ne peuvent s'expliquer par du Ca2+ emprisonné et de l'HPO 4 2− ou du Na+, Cl− et CO 3 2− exogènes. Les phosphates de calcium amorphes constituent une classe de sels ayant des caractères chimiques variables et des propriétés physiques identiques, comparables au verre. Le CaHPO4·xH2O non cristallin peut être un ACP, surtout au cours des phases précoces de formation. A des pH physiologiques, l'ACP se transforme en petits cristaux applatis contenant de fortes quantités de phosphate acide facilement remplaçable. Le fait de laver la couche de surface produit un changement chimique dans les nouveaux cristaux: des cristaux non lavés donnent des diagrammes de diffraction d'apatite peu cristallins, ainsi que des spectres infra-rouges peu nets, intermédiaires entre des apatites et du phosphate octocalcique. Des explications structurales sont proposées et les compositions minérales amorphe/cristalline de l'os et du cartilage sont recalculées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ungewaschene Proben von amorphem Calciumphosphat (ACP) enthalten eine unersetzliche labile Fraktion, welche reich an saurem Phosphat ist und ein niederes Ca/P-Verhältnis hat und welche während des Waschprozesses unwiderruflich verloren geht. Natives ACP, welches im pH-Bereich 6,6–10,6 ausgefällt wurde, variierte im molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis zwischen 1,18 und 1,50 und in HPO 4 2− /totales P zwischen 33,0 und 10,1%. Bei pH 7,40 hatte natives ACP ein molares Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,36±0,02 und enthielt 22,8 (±2,2)% HPO 4 2− . Die Werte beim ungewaschenen Niederschlag rühren weder von aus dem Überstand aufgenommenem Ca2+ und HPO2−, noch von außen kommendem Na+, Cl− und CO 3 2− her. Die amorphen Calciumphosphate werden als eine Klasse von Salzen erkannt, welche veränderliche chemische, aber identische glasartige physicochemische Eigenschaften haben. Nicht kristallines CaHPO4·xH2O kann auch ein ACP sein, besonders in den frühen Bildungsstadien. Bei physiologischem pH verwandelt sich ACP in kleine plattenförmige Kristalle, welche große Mengen von leicht ersetzbarem saurem Phosphat enthalten. Das Waschen dieser Oberflächenschicht erzeugte chemische Veränderungen in den resultierenden Kristallen; ungewaschene Kristalle zeigten ein Diffraktionsmuster, das nur schwach demjenigen des kristallinen Aspatites glich, aber ein schlecht aufgelöstes Infrarotspektrum, welches zwischen Apatit und Octocalciumphosphat war. Es werden strukturelle Erklärungen für alle diese Phenomena diskutiert, und revidierte amorph/kristalline Mineralzusammensetzungen von Knochen und Knorpel wurden neu berechnet.
    Notes: Abstract Unwashed samples of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) contain an irreplaceable labile fraction, rich in acid phosphate and low in Ca/P ratio, which is irreversibly lost during the washing process. Native ACP precipitated in the pH range 6.6–10.6 varied in Ca/P molar ratio from 1.18 to 1.50 and in HPO 4 2− /total P from 33.0% to 10.1%. At pH 7.40, native ACP had a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.36±0.02 and contained 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Unwashed precipitate data could not be attributed to either trapped supernatant Ca2+ and HPO 4 2− or extraneous Na+, Cl−, and CO 3 2− . The amorphous calcium phosphates are recognized as a class of salts having variable chemical but identical glass-like, physicochemical properties. Non-crystalline CaHPO4·xH2O may also be an ACP, especially during early formative stages. At physiological pH, ACP transforms to small platy crystals containing large amounts of readily-replaceable acid phosphate. Washing this surface layer produced chemical alterations in the resultant crystals; unwashed crystals had poorly-crystalline apatitic diffraction patterns but exhibited poorly-resolved infrared spectra intermediate between apatite and octacalcium phosphate. Structural explanations for all these phenomena are discussed, and revised bone and cartilage amorphous/crystalline mineral compositions have been re-calculated.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a “parallel muscle combination” (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically.In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as “kinesiological monitors” generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 43-72 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A scanning electron microscopy study was made of the male setiferous sex patches and analogous structures in 11 families of Coleoptera (Anthribidae, Bruchidae, Ciidae, Cleridae, Coccinellidae, Dermestidae, Leiodidae, Ptinidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae, and Ostomatidae). These secondary sexual characters appear to have several features in common including relatively long, often ridged, setae, cuticular ducts (frequently cribriform pore plates), and the production of a secretion. It is suggested that these structures may all be concerned with the production, release, and dissemination of pheromones.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 177 (1983), S. 245-254 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Striking ultrastructural and hormonal parameters of premature menopause and aging are reported in female Xyleborus ferrugineus fed cholesterol, rather than 7-dehydrocholesterol, as a sole dietary sterol. The titer of free ecdysteroids in such 63-day-old females remained abnormally elevated through the period of the ovarian cycle. A similar plateauing of such elevated titer also occurred in 147-day-old, irregularly cycling females fed only cholesterol as the dietary sterol. These hormonal changes in menopausing X. ferrugineus females seem especially analogous to the maintenance of an elevated concentration of 17-β-estradiol through the estrous, as well as the proestrous, ovary of aged irregularly cycling rats. The highly abnormal ultrastructure of ovaries of X. ferrugineus females aged 216 days on a diet containing cholesterol as the sole sterol seems quite analogous to that of the nonovulatory follicles in older, irregularly cycling rats. Our new findings involving aging X. ferrugineus females indicate further the usefulness of an insect model to study aging processes.
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