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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 33 (1968), S. 895-901 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 17 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The recovery of Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 following irradiation in phosphate buffer at OC was assessed using a two-stage incubation protocol. In the first stage survivors were recovered on basal yeast extract agar (BYEA) plates and incubated at 18C (18C-resuscitation) for specified time intervals (0 to 48 h). In the second stage, the incubation temperature was increased to 37C and the survivors were incubated for an additional 24 h to promote colony development. Controls consisted of survivors which were directly incubated at 37C on BYEA for time intervals equivalent to the total times used in the two-stage incubation protocol. The ratio of colony-forming units obtained with and without (control) the 18C-resuscitation protocol was used to calculate recovery factors (RF). Depending on the applied dose, RFs ranged from ca. 2.5 (0.44 kGy) to 15–18 (0.76 kGy) following an optimal resuscitation time of 24–28 h. Irreparable damage, incurred by incubating survivors directly at 37C (37C-damage) for 10 min prior to their recovery using the two-stage protocol, was minimal regardless of dose; however, extending 37C-damage to 60 min decreased RFs by ca. two-thirds. RFs for cells increased from 1.6 to 375 following irradiation at 0.25 and 0.53 kGy, respectively. In ground beef, RFs for cells treated at the highest dose (1.50kGy) increased by ca. 100-fold following 18C-resuscitation. In contrast, the 18C-resuscitation protocol exhibited minimal effects when E. coli was irradiated in trypticase soy broth. Survivor levels for E. coli following either gamma or electron beam irradiation appeared similar; however, both appeared higher following the 18C-resuscitation protocol.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 451 (1976), S. 619-627 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 451 (1976), S. 639-642 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Chemistry 38 (1990), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 237 (1972), S. 402-403 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sensitization studies were performed with asychronous Chinese hamster cells using cell culturing techniques and irradiation procedures as described previously4. Fig. 1 shows the effect of 500 µM 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde-semicarbazone (nitrofurazone, Norwich Pharmacal, Norwich, New York) on the ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 716-720 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Carboxymethylation ; cellulose ; cellulose derivatives ; design of experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cellulosic fabric composed of 84 % cotton and 16 % viscose rayon fiber was carboxymethylated. The influence of the reaction parameters (concentration of the reagents, time of reaction) on the degree of substitution was studied in the process, applying sodium hydroxide and monochloroacetic acid in one bath. Two kinds of regression equations were used to calculate approximately the degree of substitution. These polynomials can be used for the selection of reaction parameters to obtain a sample of a given degree of substitution.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 649-657 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Carboxymethylcellulose ; cellulose derivatives ; acidhydrolysis ofcellulose ; accessibility ofcellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 915-922 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Carboxymethylcellulose ; cellulosederivatives ; equilibriumsorption ; cationicdye ; Langmuir-isotherm ; cooperativesorption ; structure ofboundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose fabric samples were carboxymethylated for different duration. The degree of substitution was changing through a maximum value during the reaction time. The equilibrium sorption of a cationic dye by cellulosic fibers of different degrees of carboxymethylation was investigated in buffered and in unbuffered systems. The sorption isotherms were interpreted by two kinds of approximations based upon Langmuir isotherm. From the sorption data extrapolated to zero dye concentration affinities were calculated. The temperature dependence of affinities gave the values of heat and entropy of dyeing which were changing along the reaction time similarly to the degree of substitution.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 842-846 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Equilibrium sorption ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; cooperative sorption ; dual sorption ; cationic dye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The equilibrium sorption of a cationic dye, C.I.Basic Red 18, by a partially carboxymethylated cellulose membrane at pH 4.2 was investigated. The sorption isotherm was interpreted by considering a cooperative mode of binding of the dye by the polymer. The intrinsic binding constantK, the number of consecutive polymer residues occupied by a single dye moleculen, and the cooperativity parameterΩ were determined. In the case of the polymer with high content of carboxylate groups an additional mode of dye binding was presumed.
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