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  • Articles  (2,630)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2,630)
  • 2000-2004  (387)
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  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (2,623)
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  • Articles  (2,630)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 40 (1995), S. 1217-1221 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have engineered two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines secreting different recombinant glycoproteins to express high levels of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase (GT, E.C. 2.4.1.38) and/or α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST, E.C. 2.4.99.6). N-linked oligosaccharide structures synthesized by cells ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: biphenyl degradation; biodegradation; bioremediation; quinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biphenyl degradation pathway of Sphingomonas paucimobilis BPSI-3 was investigated using a degradation-deficient mutant generated by 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis. The mutant, designated AN2, was confirmed as originating from BPSI-3 through the use of ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus) PCR and by detection of the diagnostic pigment, nostoxanthin, in cellular methanol extracts. Mutant AN2 produced a yellow followed by red extracellular substance when grown in the presence of biphenyl. In the presence of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, yellow followed by red then yellow compounds were formed over time. This colour change was consistent with the characteristics of a quinone, 1-phenyl-2,3-benzoquinone, which could arise from the oxidation of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. A quinone was synthesised from 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and compared to the red compound produced by mutant AN2. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) confirmed that a similar quinone (4,5-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-1,2-benzoquinone) compared to the structure of the proposed biogenic compound, had been formed. This compound was also found after GC-MS analysis of mutant AN2 culture extracts. Spectrophotometric analysis of the quinone synthesised and the red product produced revealed almost identical spectral profiles. A likely inference from this evidence is that the mutant AN2 is blocked, or its activity altered, in the first gene cluster, bphA to C, of the biphenyl degradation pathway.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: hybrid isotherm ; darken ; surface diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The concentration dependence of the observed surface diffusivity for activated carbon due to the pore size distribution is theoretically investigated. The mathematical model is derived based on the assumption of a local hybrid adsorption isotherm (proposed recently by Shethna and Bhatia, 1994) and a local surface diffusive flux for a particular pore of half widthr. Using those local quantities and assuming a Gamma pore size distribution, the observed surface diffusivity is obtained. This observed surface diffusivity was found to increase rapidly with loading if the chemical potential is the driving force for surface flow. Furthermore, this observed surface diffusivity,D/D(0), was found to be the same as the Darken thermodynamic correction factor, using only the macroscopic isotherm information. This indicates that the thermodynamic correction factor contains information on the averaging of the surface heterogeneity.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 339-342 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Several important crops have been engineered to express toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control. In 1999, US farmers planted nearly 8 million hectares (nearly 20 million acres) of transgenic Bt crops approved by the EPA. Bt-transgenic plants can greatly reduce the use of ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A two-stage, cyclic fed-batch bioprocess was designed, and its performance evaluated to improve rice α-amylase productivity by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica SMY2 (MatA, ade1, ura3, xpr2), ATCC 201847, containing a replicative plasmid coding for a rice α-amlyase. Transcription of the recombinant gene is controlled by the XPR2 promoter. The first stage (or growth stage) was operated in the fed-batch mode, and the growth medium, designed to maintain a constant high cell density (i.e., 60 g/l), was fed according to a predetermined and preprogrammed optimal feed rate which, in turn, maintained the specific cell growth rate at an optimal value (i.e., 0.1 h−1). Typically, when the volume in the first stage reached a preset value, a portion of culture broth (i.e., 55%) was transferred to the second stage (or production stage). The remaining cells in the growth stage were then fed with fresh growth medium according to the bioprocess control strategy developed, while induction of α-amylase expression and its production was taking place in the second stage. The second stage was also operated in the fed-batch mode, and the production medium designed to maintain a constant high cell density and high productivity of heterologous protein was fed at a predetermined and preprogrammed rate, which maintained the specific cell growth rate at an optimal level. The volumetric α-amylase productivity achieved (1835 units l−1 h−1) from the two-stage, cyclic fed-batch culture process was twofold higher than that of the fed-batch culture process. The genetic stability of the recombinant strain and the design of optimal media for growth and production stages are also critically important to a successful implementation of the two-stage, cyclic fed-batch process for production of heterologous protein.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 653-658 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A method that allows the rapid visualization of bacterial spatial colonization patterns on roots for the determination of general colonization trends was developed. This method, which analyzes images of roots, and bioluminescence-enhanced images of bacterial colonization patterns on these roots, was used to study the colonization patterns of seed-applied Enterobacter cloacae strain E6 on 3-day-old cucumber plants. Conventional dilution-plating methods indicated that E6 colonized cucumber tap roots in high populations and that these populations significantly decreased as the distance from the seed increased. In addition to confirming these observations, image analysis indicated that colonization by E6 significantly decreased on lateral roots as the distance increased horizontally away from the tap root, and that this bacterium did not evenly cover the most densely colonized regions of the cucumber root system. Results from these experiments indicate that the majority of E6 populations on cucumber roots after seed application are limited to the upper regions of the tap root and that E6 does not effectively colonize other regions of the root system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A 3.0-kb genomic fragment has been isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum (ATCC 25903) that contains an open reading frame (ORF) with strong homology to other known polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase genes. This ORF has lower homology to the R. rubrum strain Ha PHA synthase than would be expected within the same species. We have conducted a series of heterologous expression studies evaluating the in vivo substrate specificity of PHA synthase genes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus), Thiocystis violacea, and Nocardia corrallina, within the PHA-synthase-negative hosts, Ralstonia eutropha DSM541 and Pseudomonas putida GpP104. The N. corrallina PHA synthase incorporated the highest percentage of C5 monomers in the polymer when fermented in medium supplemented with 0.1% heptanoate as the sole carbon source. When the T. violacea and R. sphaeroides were expressed in the PHA-negative host DSM541, a greater percentage of C5 monomer was observed in the polymer as compared to the expression of the PHA synthase of R. eutropha, when the transconjugants were fermented in medium supplemented with 0.4% propionate. Evaluation for preference of medium-chain-length monomers demonstrated the flexibility of the N. corrallina, T. violacea, and R. eutropha synthase genes to polymerize a copolyester composed of short- and medium-chain-length monomers when the respective transconjugants were fermented in medium supplemented with 0.5% octanoate. These studies demonstrate that the PHA synthase from N. corrallina, T. violacea, and R. eutropha are able to polymerize a copolyester composed of short- and medium-chain-length monomers, while the PHA synthase from R. sphaeroides lacks this ability and only produces a short-chain-length polymer. These observations suggest that the composition of the PHA from the PHA-producing organisms does not necessarily reflect the inherent specificity of the PHA synthase.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A chitinase gene (chiA) from Pseudomonas sp. YHS-A2 was cloned into Escherichia coli using pUC19. The nucleotide sequence determination revealed a single open reading frame of chiA comprised of 1902 nucleotide base pairs and 633 deduced amino acids with a molecular weight of 67,452 Da. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that ChiA contains two putative chitin-binding domains and a single catalytic domain. Two proline-threonine repeat regions, which are linkers between catalytic and substrate-binding domains in some cellulases and xylanases, were also found. From E. coli, ChiA was purified 12.8-fold relative to the periplasmic fraction. The Michaelis constant and maximum initial velocity for p-nitrophenyl-N,N′-diacetylchitobiose were 1.06 mM and 44.4 μmol/h per mg protein, respectively. The purified ChiA binds not only to colloidal chitin but also to other substrates (avicel, chitosan, and xylan), but the binding affinity of avicel, chitosan, and xylan is around 10 times lower than that of colloidal chitin. The reaction of ChiA with colloidal chitin and chitooligosaccharides (trimer-hexamer) produced an end product of N,N′-diacetylchitobiose, indicating that ChiA is a chitobiosidase.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) H5 from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, in the presence of either Mn(II) (10 mM) or GSH (10 mM), was able to mineralize 14C-U-ring-labeled 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT) up to 29% in 12 days. When both Mn(II) and GSH were present, the mineralization extent reached 82%. On the other hand, no significant mineralization was observed in the absence of both Mn(II) and GSH, suggesting the requirement of a mediator [either Mn(II) or GSH] for the degradation of 2-A-4,6-DNT by MnP. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques, it was found that the glutathionyl free radical (GS•) was produced through the oxidation of GSH by MnP in the presence as well as in the absence of Mn(II). GS• was also generated through the direct oxidation of GSH by Mn(III). Our results strongly suggest the involvement of GS• in the GSH-mediated mineralization of 2-A-4,6-DNT by MnP.
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