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  • Articles  (48)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (48)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (48)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Ceramics Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • 2005-2009  (48)
  • Biology  (38)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (10)
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  • Articles  (48)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MULTISITE MARK-RECAPTURE FOR CETACEANS: POPULATION ESTIMATES WITH BAYESIAN MODEL AVERAGING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mark-recapture techniques are widely used to estimate the size of wildlife populations. However, in cetacean photo-identification studies, it is often impractical to sample across the entire range of the population. Consequently, negatively biased population estimates can result when large portions of a population are unavailable for photographic capture. To overcome this problem, we propose that individuals be sampled from a number of discrete sites located throughout the population's range. The recapture of individuals between sites can then be presented in a simple contingency table, where the cells refer to discrete categories formed by combinations of the study sites. We present a Bayesian framework for fitting a suite of log-linear models to these data, with each model representing a different hypothesis about dependence between sites. Modeling dependence facilitates the analysis of opportunistic photo-identification data from study sites located due to convenience rather than by design. Because inference about population size is sensitive to model choice, we use Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches to estimate posterior model probabilities, and base inference on a model-averaged estimate of population size. We demonstrate this method in the analysis of photographic mark-recapture data for bottlenose dolphins from three coastal sites around NE Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01209.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RelA alone appears essential for (p)ppGpp production when Neisseria gonorrhoeae encounters nutritional stress (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 248 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bacterial stringent response is a pleiotrophic physiological response that is evoked when bacteria are subjected to nutrient stress and is mediated through the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated guanine nucleotides ((p)ppGpp) which are synthesized by the combined action of the relA and spoT gene products. The relA and spoT genes were cloned from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain MS11 and various insertional and deletion mutants were constructed. Deletion of the gonococcal relA gene abrogated the production of (p)ppGpp when the organism was starved for the amino acid serine. Also, N. gonorrhoeaeΔrelA null mutants were impaired for growth when propagated on rich medium, a phenotype that could be relieved by deleting the spoT gene. Sequence analysis of the gonococcal SpoT polypeptide indicated a strong similarity to its Escherichia coli counterpart. However, in contrast to studies with E. coli, insertional spoT mutants could be obtained that still accumulated (p)ppGpp when gonococci were starved for nutrients provided that the non-polar insertions were located downstream of the putative phosphohydrolase active site. In time course studies, it is also shown that gonococci rapidly accumulate (p)ppGpp (within 5 min) when encountering nutrient deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pepD-like peptidase from the ruminal bacterium, Prevotella albensis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 243 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Peptidases of Prevotella spp. play an important role in the breakdown of protein to ammonia in the rumen. This study describes a peptidase cloned from Prevotella albensis M384. DNA from P. albensis was used to complement a peptidase-deficient strain of Escherichia coli, CM107. A cloned fragment, Pep581, which enabled growth of E. coli CM107, contained an ORF of 1452 bp, encoding a 484 amino acid residue protein with a calculated molecular weight of 53.2 kDa and a theoretical pI of 4.90. Pep581 shared similar sequence identity of 47% with PepD from E. coli, and it was also a metallo-aminopeptidase. A putative catalytic metal binding region was identified in Pep581, similar to that found in the related PepT (a tripeptidase) and PepA (an oligopeptidase). Gel filtration indicated Pep581 was a dimer in its native state, similar to PepD of E. coli. PepD is a broad specificity dipeptidase that has been found in several prokaryotes. The enzyme expressed from Pep581 differed from PepD enzymes previously characterised in that it hydrolysed tri- and oligopeptides in addition to dipeptides, cleaving single amino acids from the N terminus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.032
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODELLING THE IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC WATER CONSERVATION ON THE SUSTAIN ABILITY OF THE URBAN SEWERAGE SYSTEM (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A computer model was developed to evaluate the impact of various technologies for water conservation in domestic households, in terms of the Impact on the operation of downstream infrastructure. These technologies, which include (a) low-flush toilets, (b) greywater re-use, and (c) re-use of rainwater from roof runoff for toilet flushing, were compared using indicators of sustainability to measure water consumption, sewerage-system operational performance and process treatment efficiency. The results demonstrated that rainwater re-use is potentially the most sustainable strategy in terms of the benefits associated with water conservation and reduction in sewage discharges from combined-sewer overflows (CSOs). The benefits were observed without the problems associated with increased sedimentation in sewers during dry weather, associated with other water-conservation strategies such as reduced-flush toilets, greywater re-use and the resultant increase in pollutants from CSOs during wet weather.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00548.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of migratory snow geese on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a freshwater reservoir (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. We examined impacts of nutrient loading, particularly of nitrogen and phosphorus, from greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) on a reservoir in south-eastern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Approximately 100 000 geese use the reservoir for 2–6 weeks prior to their spring migration northward.2. We estimated the magnitude of nutrient loading by geese during their presence and compared that to surface input and output rates. We also conducted nutrient limitation bioassay experiments to examine patterns of algal nutrient limitation upstream and downstream of the reservoir.3. During their presence from 1 February to 27 March 2001, snow geese contributed 85–93% of the phosphorus and 33–44% of the nitrogen loaded to the reservoir. Both nutrients were exported from the reservoir slowly rather than as a quick pulse. Consequently, phosphorus concentrations in the outflow were higher than in the inflow from February to the end of July. However, nitrogen concentrations were consistently lower in the outflow than the inflow.4. Nutrient limitation bioassays conducted in June and July indicated that primary production in the outflow was limited by nitrogen whereas the inflow was co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus. Further downstream from the reservoir, primary production was consistently phosphorus limited. Therefore, nitrogen limitation persisted long after the geese had left, but was relatively localised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01367.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benthic–pelagic coupling in the population dynamics of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. In eutrophic lakes, large amounts of the cyanobacterium Microcystis may overwinter in the sediment and re-inoculate the water column in spring.2. We monitored changes in pelagic and benthic populations of Microcystis in Lake Volkerak, The Netherlands. In addition, sedimentation rates and the rate of recruitment from the sediment were measured using traps. These data were used to model the coupling between the benthic and pelagic populations and to calculate the contribution of overwintering benthic and pelagic populations to the magnitude of the pelagic summer bloom.3. Changes in the benthic Microcystis population showed a time lag of 3–14 weeks compared with the pelagic population. This time lag increased with lake depth. The largest amount of benthic Microcystis was found in the deepest parts of the lake. These observations suggest horizontal transport of sedimented Microcystis from shallow to deep parts of the lake.4. Recruitment from and sedimentation to the sediment occurred throughout the year, with highest recruitment and sedimentation rates during summer. Model simulations indicate that the absence of benthic recruitment would reduce the summer bloom by 50%.5. In spring, the total pelagic population was three to six times smaller than the total benthic population. Yet, model simulations predict that the absence of this small overwintering pelagic population would reduce the summer bloom by more than 64%.6. Reduction of the overwintering pelagic populations, for instance by flushing, may be a useful management strategy to suppress or at least delay summer blooms of Microcystis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01368.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MEASURING FLOW THROUGH SMALL WASTEWATER TREATMENT WORKS USING MODIFIED DOSING SYPHONS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The Environment Agency have proposed that daily flow volume discharged from small wastewater treatment works should be capable of being measured to an accuracy of ±8%, where the daily totalised flow volume is estimated to be greater than 5m3. It is estimated that every water company in the UK has several hundred small wastewater treatment works that will be required to be equipped with the capability of measuring the released daily totalised flow volume for specified periods. This paper investigates the feasibility of modifying existing dosing syphons, which are present within many of these works, to operate as flow measuring devices. Laboratory testing of a full-scale syphon demonstrated that by the addition of two water level detectors and a data logger to monitor the filling part of the syphon cycle, it is possible to accurately calculate the daily totalised flow volume within the Environment Agency’s proposed performance criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00570.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2D FLOODPLAIN MODELLING IN THE TIDAL THAMES — ADDRESSING THE RESIDUAL RISK (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Over the course of history, development in and around London has encroached significantly into the River Thames floodplain. As a result, approximately 116 km2 of heavily urbanised land between Teddington Weir and Dartford Creek is at risk of tidal flooding. This area is currently protected from overtopping for levels in excess of the 1:1000-year flood event by an integrated system of static and moveable defences. However, the residual risk due to the probability of defence failure (through breaching) and the resulting consequences of such a failure remains high.To effectively manage this risk the Environment Agency needs to be able to prioritise investment in the defence system, predict probable flood extents as a result of a breach event, issue timely warnings and ensure that the response to an event is an appropriate one. Currently, this is not possible due to a distinct lack of information regarding the propagation of floodwaters through the complex urban topography in and around London.This paper details a 2D floodplain modelling project, currently underway within the Environment Agency, which was initiated to address these issues. The paper highlights the constraints and problems associated with urban flood modelling, suggests potential solutions and outlines how this type of modelling system could be used to inform future flood risk management tools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00560.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USE OF GROUNDWATER AGE INDICATORS IN RISK ASSESSMENT TO AID WATER SUPPLY OPERATIONAL PLANNING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Groundwater residence-time survey results on 21 public water supplies in the chalk aquifer in southern England are compared with a previous Cryptosporidium risk assessment which was carried out on the same supplies for regulatory-compliance purposes in 1999. The results indicate that residence-time indicators could provide useful corroborative evidence for rapid recharge hazard - not only in those settings already identified by microbiological surveillance, but also in the more difficult-to-identify situation where potential rapid pathways have been identified but the bacteriological indicators are negative or ambiguous. However, groundwater-mixing processes under pumping conditions are complex, especially in the chalk, and will always require interpretation informed by an understanding of the local hydrogeological and operational setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00547.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROUNDWATER AGE INDICATORS FROM PUBLIC SUPPLIES TAPPING THE CHALK AQUIFER OF SOUTHERN ENGLAND (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Bulk age determinations, based upon chlorofluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride measurements of samples from twenty-one chalk groundwater supplies in southern England, Indicate that waters of relatively recent age predominate In both unconfined and partially confined situations. Water from pumping stations located on chalk below Palaeogene cover can be distinguished hydrochemically, and a likely interpretation is that these supplies are receiving a small proportion of recharge via induced via induced leakage. Whilst water which is abstracted from the chalk always involves mixing processes, for a sub-set of confined supplies, ‘piston’ flow could be inferred as a dominant mechanism - resulting in bulk groundwater ages of a few decades. Other supplies are the product of complex mixing. Although low-level chlorofluorocarbon enrichment was encountered for half the catchments sampled, they and sulphur hexafluoride appear to provide independent corroboration to microbiological indicators of the presence of rapid recharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00546.x
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