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  • Articles  (22,751,244)
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  • 1
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    Classification of a high latitude bog using multispectral drone imagery (2023)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Peatlands store and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. With the climate changing due to global warming, measuring these emissions helps to get a better understanding of the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle. Measurements at a bog site of the Siikaneva peatland show that the emissions vary along the different microtopographies shaped by their vegetation and ground water level. To upscale these measurements, a supervised classification of the study area was implemented in this study by testing a method that uses high-resolution multispectral aerial imagery, captured by a UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle), and a Random Forest classifier. A cohesive orthomosaic of the study area was produced, training data were generated to adjust the Random Forest model, and the study area was classified. The results show that the applied methods were successful in generating a multispectral orthomosaic as well as a classified raster of the study area. A mean classification accuracy of 75.7 % was achieved, which can be considered as a good result. Misclassification rates of neighboring microtopographies with similar vegetation could be mitigated by utilizing a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor in further studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 2
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    Enhancements of geomechanical models for potential siting areas in Switzerland (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Urban landslides triggered under similar rainfall conditions in cities globally (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Clumped and in situ carbon and oxygen isotopes of calcite as tracers for oxidation of hydrocarbons in deep siliciclastic strata (2024)
    In:  Geological Society of America Bulletin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The oxidation of hydrocarbons, including methane, is part of interrelated hydrogeochemical reactions affecting the carbon budget in Earth’s crust. To investigate these processes in deep siliciclastic strata, we analyzed core samples from Lower Triassic red beds in the Mahu Sag (Junggar Basin, northwest China) by coupling petrological observations with high-resolution in situ secondary ion mass spectroscopy stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses and clumped isotopes (Δ47) of authigenic calcite. The strata contain variable oil and gas content as well as abundant high-valence Fe and/or Mn oxides. Three sequential generations of cement occur, which are characterized as (1) non-luminescent, early diagenetic calcite (MnO 〈0.3%, δ13CVPDB [Vienna Peedee belemnite] = −5.6‰ to −4.1‰); (2) bright-orange luminescent late-stage I calcite (0.75%−5.23% MnO, δ13C = −51.4‰ to −25.8‰); and (3) dull-orange late-stage II calcite (4.10%−12.93% MnO, δ13C = −91.4‰ to −30.9‰). Clumped isotopic thermometry reveals that the calcite precipitation temperature increases successively from 〈40 °C, to 81−107 °C, to finally 107−132 °C, corresponding to three precipitation time periods: before the Late Triassic, from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, and from the Early Cretaceous to the present, respectively. δ13C values of −55.7‰ to −25.8‰ indicate that late-stage I calcite is the final product of oxidation of both methane and C2+ hydrocarbons, whereas δ13C values as low as −91‰ indicate that late-stage II calcite is mainly derived from the thermochemical oxidation of methane (δ13C = −46.8‰ to −39.3‰) induced by high-valence Mn and/or Fe oxides. For late-stage I calcite, hydrocarbon oxidation was most likely promoted by high temperatures, although microbial oxidation cannot be completely ruled out. The higher precipitation temperature of late-stage II calcite demonstrates that the oxidation of methane requires higher activation energies than oxidation of C2+ hydrocarbons. We provide reliable geochemical evidence for thermally induced sequential oxidation of hydrocarbons within deep siliciclastic strata.
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  • 5
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    Geochemical evolution of dissolved trace elements in space and time in the Ramganga River, India (2023)
    In:  Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of river water chemistry from its source to sinks is critical for constraining the origin, transformation, and “hotspots” of contaminants in a river basin. To provide new spatiotemporal constraints on river chemistry, dissolved trace element concentrations were measured at 17 targeted locations across the Ramganga River catchment. River water samples were collected across three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon between 2019 and 2021. To remove the dependency of trace element concentrations on discharge, we used molar ratios, as discharge data on Indian transboundary rivers are not publicly available. The dataset reveals significant spatiotemporal variability in dissolved trace element concentrations of the Ramganga River. Samples collected upstream of Moradabad, a major industrial city in western Uttar Pradesh, are characterized by ~ 1.2–2.5 times higher average concentrations of most of the trace elements except Sc, V, Cr, Rb, and Pb, likely due to intense water–rock interactions in the headwaters. Such kind of enrichment in trace metal concentrations was also observed at sites downstream of large cities and industrial centers. However, such enrichment was not enough to bring a major change in the River Ganga chemistry, as the signals got diluted downstream of the Ramganga-Ganga confluence. The average river water composition of the Ramganga River was comparable to worldwide river water composition, albeit a few sites were characterized by very high concentrations of dissolved trace elements. Finally, we provide an outlook that calls for an assessment of stable non-traditional isotopes that are ideally suited to track the origin and transformation of elements such as Li, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Pt, and Hg in Indian rivers.
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  • 6
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    Uncertainties in flood damage assessment under projected future extreme rainfall conditions: a case study in Northeastern Sicily (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Effect of Southwest Monsoon Withdrawal on Mass Loading and Chemical Characteristics of Aerosols in an Urban City over the Indo-Gangetic Basin (2018)
    In:  ACS Earth Space Chemistry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The southwest monsoon rainfall not only provides water and food security over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, it also plays an important role in reducing atmospheric pollution by removing ambient particles via wet deposition processes. In addition to rainfall, aerosol loading and its removal from ambient air are also governed by other meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. To understand the effect of southwest monsoon withdrawal on aerosol loading over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, airborne particles (PM10 size fraction) and meteorological parameters, including the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction data were collected between July and October 2015 at Kanpur, India, which is a large industrial city in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study shows that withdrawal of the southwest monsoon since July 2015 increased the aerosol loading in the ambient air by up to 28, 43 and 152% during August, September, and October, respectively. The aerosol loading exceeded the ambient Indian National Air Quality Standard limit of 100 μg/m–3 just within 3 months. In addition to increased aerosol mass loading, the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd) in the aerosols also increased with monsoon withdrawal. The only heavy metal that did not show an increasing trend was Pb, which indicates that Pb is either coming from local source(s) or that Pb was not efficiently scavenged by wet deposition processes. In general, Cd, Pb, and Cu concentrations were 10–1500 times higher when compared to the upper continental crust and were mostly derived from coal-burning products. The study shows that southwest monsoon strongly influence the physiochemical properties of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin.
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  • 8
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    Time-Series Record of Ambient Platinum Group Elements over a Remote Himalayan Station: Insights over the Baseline Estimate to Judge Future Changes (2022)
    In:  Water, Air and Soil Pollution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: latinum group element (PGE) is among the emerging airborne contaminants mainly emitting from automobile catalysts. The ambient PGE concentration in Asia is expected to rise due to an increase in vehicle sales over the last two decades. Of all the Asian countries, the automobile industry in India has grown at a spectacular rate (〉 50% in the last 10 years) and is expected to become a hotspot of global PGE contamination. However, the Indian subcontinent can be regarded as a “white spot” on the global PGE contamination map, indicating the presence of very limited field data. Here, we report the annual time-series record of PGE concentrations of the airborne particulate matter 〈10-micron-sized (PM10) collected from a high-altitude remote site in the central Himalaya that draws a significant fraction of air mass from the heavily polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The time-series record reveals that the PGE concentrations in PM10 are amongst the lowest recorded levels globally, lack seasonal variability, and are derived from aged catalyst and coal combustion products. We conclude that the annual average Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru concentrations of 0.88 ± 0.57, 2.07 ± 1.75, 0.14 ± 0.1, and 0.16 ± 0.08 pg m−3, respectively, would serve as a baseline concentration in PM10 to judge the future magnitude of PGE contamination in the Indian subcontinent.
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  • 9
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    Lead Isotope Evidence for Enhanced Anthropogenic Particle Transport to the Himalayas during Summer Months (2021)
    In:  Environmental Science and Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: he Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is one of the most highly polluted regions of the world, yet the temporal pattern of transport of anthropogenic aerosols from this region to the Himalayas is poorly constrained. On the basis of the seasonal variation of planetary boundary layer heights, air mass back trajectory analysis, and year-long time-series data for 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, and 143Nd/144Nd from aerosols collected over a high-altitude station, we demonstrate that anthropogenic Pb transport to the glacierized catchment has a seasonal pattern. The Pb isotope data reveal that during winter, the thinned boundary layer traps up to 10 ± 7% more coal-derived Pb in the IGP. In contrast, in nonwinter months, a thicker boundary layer and enhanced subtropical westerly winds result in efficient Pb transport to the Himalayas. As Pb isotope ratios are robust conservative chemical tracers and Pb is predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources, these observations suggest that enhanced transport of anthropogenic aerosols to the glacierized catchment of the Himalayas coincides with higher near-surface temperatures in the summer, creating positive feedback that enhances melting. Our results further suggest that 〉50% of Pb in the Himalayan aerosols originates from the resuspension of historic Pb derived from phased out leaded gasoline, highlighting the importance of legacy Pb stored in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
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  • 10
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    Centennial landslide risk evolution in Medellin, Colombia (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Spectra of stress: Variability in lithologies represented in geomechanical models (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    From Shelters to Skyscrapers: A Worldwide Exploration of Buildings and Building Types Using Volunteered Geographic Information and Earth Observation Datasets (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Evaluation of soil-structure interaction by combining deconvolution of building and field earthquake recordings with polarization analysis: application to the Matera experiment (Italy) (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Geogenic controls on the high levels of uranium in alluvial aquifers of the Ganga Basin (2022)
    In:  Applied Geochemistry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) alluvial aquifer system provides a reliable drinking water supply to over half a billion people. Understanding the groundwater quality, aquifer processes, groundwater storage, and depletion trends in the IGB alluvial aquifer system— one of the world's most important freshwater resources has been the focus of many previous studies. However, understanding what governs uranium variability in the IGB alluvial aquifer system— for example, whether uranium is released from natural deposits or anthropogenic sources such as mill tailing, emissions from the nuclear industry, combustion of fossil fuels, and phosphate fertilizers— are under-explored but critically important for constraining the environmental fate of uranium. Here, we present surface and groundwater uranium concentration data in the central parts of the IGB alluvial aquifer system. We find a high concentration of groundwater uranium above the World Health Organization provisional guideline value of 30 μg/L in 17% (n = 29) of collected groundwater samples, whereas other heavy metals, namely Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were within the recommended range. Trace element systematic demonstrates that anomalous uranium enrichment is primarily derived from geogenic sources, while uranium mobility is predominantly controlled by the alkalinity (a proxy for bicarbonate), hence by soluble uranyl carbonate complexes. As in the year 2020, the Bureau of Indian Standard incorporated uranium as a possible drinking water contaminant, our dataset calls for additional assessments of groundwater uranium concentrations in Indian groundwater resources because uranium concentration data are scarce compared to other geogenic contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride. We conclude that uranium, like arsenic and fluoride, is also critical geogenic contaminant in the alluvial aquifers that needs to be better monitored as higher levels of uranium in drinking water have adverse health effects.
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  • 15
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    Neotectonic stress characterization of New Zealand along the Australia–Pacific plate boundary (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Towards seismic monitoring of terrestial ecosystems: an exploratory data analysis of the SeisSavanna dataset (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    An analysis of strong velocity pulses from the empirical data and dynamic rupture simulations of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake doublets (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Importance of Pulse-Like Ground Motions and Directivity Effects in Moderate Earthquakes based on the 23 November 2022, Mw 6.1 Gölyaka-Düzce Earthquake (Turkey) (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Methodology for building interoperable Research Infrastructures: Example from Geo-INQUIRE project (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Interactions between deep seismicity and shallow deformation in the Japan trench and Chile subduction zones (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Fostering cross-disciplinary research - Training, workshops and summer schools of Geo-INQUIRE EU-project (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Melting of the Chhota Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, Insensitive to Anthropogenic Emission Residues: Insights From Geochemical Evidence (2021)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Himalayan glaciers are invariably covered by supra-glacial debris. Of these glaciers, the Chhota Shigri Glacier (CSG) in the western Himalaya has minimal debris cover (3.4%), yet has a comparable melt rate to other Himalayan glaciers. Utilizing osmium isotopic composition, and major and trace element geochemistry of cryoconite, a dark colored aggregate of mineral and organic materials on the surface of the ablation zone of the CSG, we show that the surface of CSG is essentially free of anthropogenically emitted particles, contrary to many previous findings. Given this and the overall lack of debris, we conclude that the high melt rate of CSG is primarily related to the increase of the Earth's near-surface temperature linked directly to global warming. Therefore, the future meltwater supply for glacial-fed rivers originating from Lahaul and Spiti region would be most vulnerable for 〉50 million population living downstream and requires immediate attention.
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  • 23
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    Revealing and interpreting patterns from continuous seismic data with unsupervised learning (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Occurrence, sources, and spatial distribution of fluoride in the Ganga alluvial aquifer, India (2023)
    In:  Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Groundwater contamination throughout India is a global concern as it feeds more than a billion people. Of all the contaminants, fluoride (F) is one of the most widespread and well documented since its toxic nature pose serious threats to human health. In India, groundwater F concentrations have been extensively studied over the past decades. These studies have generally concluded that the groundwater F concentrations are typically higher than the drinking water standard for human health. Here, we present the occurrence, distribution, and sources of groundwater F in the Kanpur Nagar and Kanpur Dehat districts covering ~ 6000 km2 of the area in the central part of the Ganga Basin. The result revealed significant spatial variability in dissolved F concentration ranging between 0.2 and 5.2 mg/L (average 0.9 ± 0.7 mg/L, n = 172, 1 SD), which is beyond the drinking water guideline (0.5–1.5 mg/L) of the Indian Standards. We find that 31% of groundwater sampled have F content below the optimal requirement of 0.5–1.0 mg/L causing dental caries problems. The F levels only exceeded the safe drinking water limit of 1.5 mg/L in 8% of the groundwater sampled mostly in the urban regions. Fluoride distribution shows a closer resemblance with the spatial distribution pattern of electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids demonstrate that F in the shallow alluvial aquifers is largely derived from geogenic sources. This is further confirmed by a strong positive correlation (r = 0.91, p 〈 0.05) observed between chloride-normalized concentration of F and the sum of geogenic elements (∑Li, Rb, Sr, Ba). We additionally performed health risk assessments, which revealed that children are most vulnerable to dental caries (commonly known as tooth decay) and dental fluorosis problems. As F concentrations show large spatial variability in the studied aquifer, we suggest that uniform application of a single de-fluoridation and fluoridation technology on an aquifer or sub-aquifer scale without a detailed well-designed groundwater F survey will have an adverse health impact on local residents as optimal level of F in drinking water may not be compromised.
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  • 25
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    EFECT: A tool for pore pressure projection and data management (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Landsifier 2.0: Towards automating landslide trigger and failure movement identification (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    EU-financed transnational access in Geo-INQUIRE: an opportunity for researchers to develop leading-edge science at selected test-beds and research facilities across Europe (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Identifying global biases in hydro-hazard research by mining the scientific literature (2024)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Detecting fractures and monitoring hydraulic fracturing processes at the first EGS Collab testbed using borehole DAS ambient noise (2024)
    In:  Geophysics
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) require cost-effective monitoring of fracture networks. We validate the capability of using borehole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) ambient noise for fracture monitoring using core photos and core logs. The EGS Collab project has conducted 10 m scale field experiments of hydraulic fracture stimulation using 50–60 m deep experimental wells at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. The first EGS Collab testbed is located at 1616.67 m (4850 ft) depth at SURF and consists of one injection well, one production well, and six monitoring wells. All wells are drilled subhorizontally from an access tunnel called a drift. The project uses a single continuous fiber-optic cable installed sequentially in the six monitoring wells to record DAS data for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during stimulation. We analyze 60 s time records of the borehole DAS ambient noise data and compute the noise root-mean-square (rms) amplitude on each channel (points along the fiber cable) to obtain DAS ambient noise rms amplitude depth profiles along the monitoring wellbore. Our noise rms amplitude profiles indicate amplitude peaks at distinct depths. We compare the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles with borehole core photos and core logs and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude peaks correspond to the locations of fractures or lithologic changes indicated in the core photos or core logs. We then compute the hourly DAS noise rms amplitude profiles in two monitoring wells during three stimulation cycles in 72 h and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles vary with time, indicating the fracture opening/growth or closing during the hydraulic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that borehole DAS passive ambient noise can be used to detect fractures and monitor fracturing processes in EGS reservoirs.
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  • 30
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    Anticipating a risky future: long short-term memory (LSTM) models for spatiotemporal extrapolation of population data in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru (2024)
    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: In this paper, we anticipate geospatial population distributions to quantify the future number of people living in earthquake-prone and tsunami-prone areas of Lima and Callao, Peru. We capitalize upon existing gridded population time series data sets, which are provided on an open-source basis globally, and implement machine learning models tailored for time series analysis, i.e., based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, for prediction of future time steps. Specifically, we harvest WorldPop population data and teach LSTM and convolutional LSTM models equipped with both unidirectional and bidirectional learning mechanisms, which are derived from different feature sets, i.e., driving factors. To gain insights regarding the competitive performance of LSTM-based models in this application context, we also implement multilinear regression and random forest models for comparison. The results clearly underline the value of the LSTM-based models for forecasting gridded population data; the most accurate prediction obtained with an LSTM equipped with a bidirectional learning scheme features a root-mean-squared error of 3.63 people per 100 × 100 m grid cell while maintaining an excellent model fit (R2= 0.995). We deploy this model for anticipation of population along a 3-year interval until the year 2035. Especially in areas of high peak ground acceleration of 207–210 cm s−2, the population is anticipated to experience growth of almost 30 % over the forecasted time span, which simultaneously corresponds to 70 % of the predicted additional inhabitants of Lima. The population in the tsunami inundation area is anticipated to grow by 61 % until 2035, which is substantially more than the average growth of 35 % for the city. Uncovering those relations can help urban planners and policymakers to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Strategies for good and comprehensive metadata in field-based permafrost research (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Comprehensive metadata are key to making data FAIR. It is therefore essential to collect metadata in an organized and standardized way. For standardized data acquisition, ie. on research vessels, tools are already available and constantly improved. In land-based permafrost expeditions, however, the data and metadata are as diverse as the science questions behind them. We present an overview of this diversity in (meta)data and (meta)data collection and propose strategies to writing good and comprehensive metadata. We encourage to think about metadata right from the start and work on them steadily during the whole process from field work preparation to data collection and from data analysis to final publication. Easy to adapt templates and only choosing the tools that fit the specific data set increases the participation of the whole team.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 32
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    Multi-Sensor Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Snow-Free Land Surface Albedo on Disko Island, Greenland
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Albedo – the reflectivity of a surface - is an important component in the energy budget, impacting the local to global climate. Data from nadir-viewing satellites can be combined with bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data from multi-angular observation platforms to achieve realistic albedo values that acknowledge anisotropy. In my thesis, I evaluated how the land surface albedo varied on spatial and temporal scales during the snow-free period on Disko Island, Greenland. I examined how the albedo differed among the vegetation classes. Concerning the methodology, I assessed how the combination of MODIS BRDF data with Landsat 8 (L8) or Sentinel-2 (S2) influenced the albedo. The study area was located at the southern tip of Disko Island (69.27 °N, -53.47 °E) in West Greenland and covered a wetland and a range of tundra vegetation. I analysed automatic weather station (AWS) data from 2013 to 2022 and conducted mobile albedo measurements in August and September 2022 to examine the temporal and spatial variability. For the period from June to September 2022, I derived the L8 and S2 based albedo with inclusion of MODIS BRDF and narrow to broadband conversion and analysed their variability with regard to vegetation classes. In the snow-free period, the albedo increased from a monthly mean of 0.16 in June to 0.19 in September in the AWS data. The mobile measurements ranged from 〈 0.10 above bare soil and water to 〉 0.23 above areas dominated by lichen, Salix glauca or Equisetum arvense. The satellite-based albedo revealed temporally variable, significant correlations to normalised difference vegetation and moisture indices that reached values 〉 0.5 in the fen and wet heath class on several days. The albedo of shrubs was not notably smaller than other vegetation types but partly 0.01-0.05 above them in both the mobile measurements and the satellite-derived albedo. This finding challenges the assumption that shrubification causes climate forcing in all circumstances. The albedo of L8 and S2 differed to each other and the local data (root-mean-square error 0.04-0.14). The BRDF correction increased the albedo by 0.01 on average compared to nadir reflectance. L8 was better in reproducing the expected temporal and spatial variability of albedo than S2, which displayed less variability. S2 seemed to be more sensitive to atmospheric effects of haze and clouds influencing albedo. Thus, L8 seemed more suitable to calculate albedo in the study area. Though there were some methodological limitations, this thesis highlights aspects that should be considered when analysing albedo or jointly using L8 and S2 in high latitude regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation History as Inferred From Palynological Investigations of the El’gygytgyn Lake Crater Permafrost Deposits (2012)
    Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
    In:  EPIC3Geographical series, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, (4), pp. 69-69, ISSN: 0373-2444
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Depositional dynamics in the El'gygytgyn Crater margin: implications for the 3.6 Ma old sediment archive (2012)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus Publications, 8(6), pp. 1897-1911, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The combination of permafrost history and dynamics, lake level changesRussian Arctic. The purpose of this study is to propose a depositional framework based on analyses of the core strata from the lake margin and historical reconstructions from various studies at the site. A sedimentological program has been conducted using frozen core samples from the 141.5m long El’gygytgyn 5011-3 permafrost well. The drill site is located in sedimentary permafrost west of the lake that partly fills the El’gygytgyn Crater. The total core sequence is interpreted as strata building up a progradational alluvial fan delta. Four macroscopically distinct sedimentary units are identified. Unit 1 (141.5–117.0 m) is comprised of ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel and intercalated sandy layers. Sandy layers represent sediments which rained out as particles in the deeper part of the water column under highly energetic conditions. Unit 2 (117.0–24.25 m) is dominated by ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel with individual gravel layers. Most of the Unit 2 diamicton is understood to result from alluvial wash and subsequent gravitational sliding of coarse-grained (sandy gravel) material on the basin slope. Unit 3 (24.25–8.5 m) has icecemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel that is interrupted by sand beds. These sandy beds are associated with flooding events and represent near-shore sandy shoals. Unit 4 (8.5–0.0 m) is ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel with varying ice content, mostly higher than below. It consists of slope material and creek fill deposits. The uppermost metre is the active layer (i.e. the top layer of soil with seasonal freeze and thaw) into which modern soil organic matter has been incorporated. The nature of the progradational sediment transport taking place from the western and northern crater margins may be related to the complementary occurrence of frequent turbiditic layers in the central lake basin, as is known from the lake sediment record. Slope processes such as gravitational sliding and sheet flooding occur especially during spring melt and promote mass wasting into the basin. Tectonics are inferred to have initiated the fan accumulation in the first place and possibly the off-centre displacement of the crater lake.
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    Simulating climate and stable water isotopes during the Last Interglacial using a coupled climate-isotope model (2017)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems, ISSN: 1942-2466
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Cladoceran assemblages of the Last Interglacial obtained from permafrost lacustrine deposits exposed at the Laptev Sea coast (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The cladoceran assemblages of the lacustrine deposits of the Krest-Yuryakh sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, MIS5e; Last Interglacial, LIG) exposed at the southern coast of Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island and the Oyogos Yar mainland coast along the Dmitry Laptev Strait (Yakutia, Siberia, Russia) were investigated. Field studies on both sides of the Laptev Strait were conducted in 2002, 2007, and 2014. The vegetation of the study area is currently represented by Arctic tundra. The mean air temperature of the warmest month of the year (MTWA) is 3.5 °C for the studied sites on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island and 6.9 °C for Oyogos Yar (https://www.worldclim.org; Fick and Hijmans, 2017). Age information of the Krest-Yuryakh lacustrine deposits is based on infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) (Schirrmeister et al., submitted). Cladocera were studied in profile L7-11 on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island and in profiles Oya-3-11, Oy7-01, Oy7-08, Oya 5-1 on Oyogos Yar.? The studied fossil cladocera remains of Krest-Yuryakh deposits are exceptionally well preserved. The overall cladocera record comprises 13 taxa. The most common species are Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Bosmina sp. and Daphnia pulex gr. The cladoceran assemblages are dominated by littoral shallow-water taxa, such as Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Alona guttata / Coronatella rectangula. However, profile L7-11 on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky had very low concentrations of specimens of which Chydorus cf. sphaericus is the most common species. The cladoceran records on Oyogos Yar are more diverse and had much higher concentrations than those on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky. Most of the cladoceran remains on Oyogos Yar belong to littoral phytophilous species, associated with macrophytes. In the cladoceran communities of Oyogos Yar, along with cold-water taxa, also more thermophilic taxa were found. In particular, the findings of remains of the species L. leidigi indicate much warmer conditions in the past than today. According to Flößner (2000), this species is absent nowadays in the arctic-subarctic zones, but present in the boreal zone. Thus, the modern distribution of L. leidigi is located considerably further south today. The northernmost known discovery of this species in Yakutia (northern Russia) is located in the basin of the Omoloy River (MTWA of +11.5 °C, Frolova & Nigmatullin, unpublished data).We conclude that the climatic conditions were more favorable for cladocerans on Oyogos Yar than on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky in the Last Interglacial (LIG) sub-stage. The cladoceran assemblages of Oyogos Yar indicate lacustrine habitats with a well-developed vegetated littoral zone as well pelagic open-water zones in the paleo-lakes. Discoveries of cladoceran taxa significantly north of their modern ranges allow the reconstruction of warmer climatic conditions during LIG. Presumably, on Oyogos Yar, the mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWA) was at least ~4.5°C higher than today, which is supported by independent proxy-based - temperature reconstructions such as plant macro-fossils, pollen, and chironomids (Kienast et al., 2011) as well as by climate modeling simulations (Schirrmeister et al., submitted).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Paleoclimate data assimilation with CLIMBER-X: An ensemble Kalman filter for the last deglaciation (2024)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  EPIC3PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 19(4), pp. e0300138-e0300138, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Using the climate model CLIMBER-X, we present an efficient method for assimilating the temporal evolution of surface temperatures for the last deglaciation covering the period 22000 to 6500 years before the present. The data assimilation methodology combines the data and the underlying dynamical principles governing the climate system to provide a state estimate of the system, which is better than that which could be obtained using just the data or the model alone. In applying an ensemble Kalman filter approach, we make use of the advances in the parallel data assimilation framework (PDAF), which provides parallel data assimilation functionality with a relatively small increase in computation time. We find that the data assimilation solution depends strongly on the background evolution of the decaying ice sheets rather than the assimilated temperatures. Two different ice sheet reconstructions result in a different deglacial meltwater history, affecting the large-scale ocean circulation and, consequently, the surface temperature. We find that the influence of data assimilation is more pronounced on regional scales than on the global mean. In particular, data assimilation has a stronger effect during millennial warming and cooling phases, such as the Bølling-Allerød and Younger Dryas, especially at high latitudes with heterogeneous temperature patterns. Our approach is a step toward a comprehensive paleo-reanalysis on multi-millennial time scales, including incorporating available paleoclimate data and accounting for their uncertainties in representing regional climates.
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    Efeitos de ações antrópicas sobre as interações bióticas entre os peixes de uma planície de inundação Neotropical: alterações nos padrões de coocorrência de espécies. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The freshwater ichthyofauna is largely threatened by the anthropogenic impacts in these ecosystems. The climatic changes caused by human actions and dams’ constructions concerningly affects the freshwater fishes, including its biotic interactions network. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the Upper Paraná River floodplain’s (UPRF) ichthyofauna under the impacts caused by climate changes, years of extreme drought an extreme flood, and under the impacts caused by the construction of an upstream dam, the Sérgio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant, Brazil. The sampled years were classified in extreme drought, neutral and extreme flood, according to the predominant characteristics of its hydrological regime, and in pré-damming years, before the upstream hydroelectric power plant construction and reservoir’s flooding, and post-damming years. The abiotic and hydrometric variables were concurrently sampled with the abundance of fish species, allowing to exclude the environmental variables’ effects over the species’ cooccurrence, using multivariate generalized linear models with latent variables. The force of the interspecific biotic interactions was obtained through cooccurrence values for each pair of species, visualized through negative, neutral, and positive values. Regarding the results involving the hydrological regime influence, it was observed differences between drought, neutral and flood years, with stronger cooccurrence values between the UPRF’s ichthyofauna in drought years (for positive and negative values). Regarding the results involving the construction of the UPRF’s upstream dam, it was observed differences comparing the pré-damming and post-damming years cooccurrence patters, with predominantly positive values in post-damming years, and predominantly neutral cooccurrences in pré-damming years. These work results indicate the increment of the cooccurrence values between a floodplain’s fish species due to extreme droughts and upstream dams’ constructions, once the cooccurrence values were more intense under these conditions. Stands out the importance of biotic interactions for the elaboration of management plans and freshwater species conservation in response to anthropogenic actions.
    Description: A ictiofauna de ambientes de água doce se encontra amplamente ameaçada por ações antrópicas. As mudanças climáticas e a construção de barragens afetam os peixes de água doce e suas redes de interações bióticas. Neste contexto, este estudo avaliou a ictiofauna da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP) sob os impactos de mudanças climáticas, épocas de secas e cheias extremas, e sob os impactos causados pela construção de uma barragem a montante, a Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta, Brasil. Os anos amostrados foram classificados em anos de seca extrema, neutros e de cheia extrema, de acordo com as condições predominantes de seu regime hidrológico, e em anos de pré-barramento, antes da construção e inundação do reservatório da usina hidrelétrica a montante, e pós-barramento. As variáveis abióticas e variáveis hidrométricas foram amostradas concomitantemente com a abundância das espécies de peixe, permitindo excluir o efeito das variáveis ambientais sobre a ocorrência das espécies, com o uso de modelos lineares generalizados multivariados de variáveis latentes. Obteve-se a força das interações bióticas interespecíficas pelos valores de coocorrência, positivos ou negativos, entre cada par de espécies. Com relação aos resultados envolvendo a influência dos regimes hidrológicos, foram encontradas diferenças nos valores médios de coocorrência entre anos de seca extrema, anos neutros e anos de cheia extrema, indicando que os valores de coocorrência são mais fortes entre a ictiofauna da PIARP (tanto interações positivas quanto negativas) em anos de seca. Para os efeitos da construção da barragem a montante da PIARP, observou-se diferenças entre os padrões de coocorrência de espécies antes e após a sua construção, indicando valores de coocorrência predominantemente positivos no período pós-barramento, e coocorrências predominantemente neutras no período pré-barramento. Os resultados indicam incremento nos padrões de coocorrência entre as espécies de peixes da planície de inundação frente secas extremas e construção de barragens a montante, uma vez que os valores de coocorrência foram mais intensos sob essas condições. Destaca-se a importância das interações bióticas em resposta às ações antrópicas para a elaboração de planos de manejo e para a conservação das espécies de peixes de água doce.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Interações bióticas ; Ações antrópicas ; Coocorrência de espécies ; Variáveis ambientais ; Variáveis hidrométricas ; Generalized linear latent variable models (GLLVM) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic factors ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental factors ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydrometers
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Boletín CTN Diocean No. 3 / 2023 (2024)
    Comisión Colombiana del Océano | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Hace tres años atrás el Comité Técnico Nacional de Coordinación de Datos e Información Oceánicos (CTN Diocean) de la Comisión Colombiana del Océano (CCO), estableció un plan de trabajo que abarca cinco años de actividades institucionales para fortalecer la gestión de estos importantes activos del país. Para entonces se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes estrategias como línea base para definir las tareas a desarrollar, y en la actualidad es gratificante para miembros e invitados permanentes confirmar, que lo planeado sigue vigente y acorde con los desafíos del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’, las necesidades de la comunidad y los recientes lineamientos de política nacionales e internacionales. En el presente número del Boletín CTN Diocean, se destacan entre otros, dos reconocimientos logrados en el nivel internacional por parte de instituciones que hacen parte del comité y que le aportan al fortalecimiento de la gestión de datos oceánicos de Colombia: el primero, los datos abiertos oceanográficos como una actividad del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’ de la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI); y el segundo, la copresidencia para el periodo entre sesiones 2023-2025 del programa para el Intercambio Internacional de Datos Oceanográficos (COI-IODE) junto con Suecia, en el marco de la cual se inició la asesoría con nuestros hermanos panameños en la materia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Acceso abierto ; Usuario de información ; Gestión de la información ; Base de datos ; Sistema de información ; Organización y gestión ; ASFA_2015::G::Geographic information systems ; ASFA_2015::I::Information centres ; ASFA_2015::D::Databases ; ASFA_2015::I::Information handling
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    Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution and biodiversity (2010)
    In:  Science vol. 330 no. 6006, pp. 927-931
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and volutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this “Andean” substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.
    Keywords: Amazonia ; evolution ; biodiversity
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Shifts in dominance of benthic communities along a gradient of water temperature and turbidity in tropical coastal ecosystems (2024)
    In:  PeerJ vol. 12 no. e17132
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Tropical coastal benthic communities will change in species composition and relative dominance due to global (e.g., increasing water temperature) and local (e.g., increasing terrestrial influence due to land-based activity) stressors. This study aimed to gain insight into possible trajectories of coastal benthic assemblages in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, by studying coral reefs at varying distances from human activities and marine lakes with high turbidity in three temperature categories (〈31 °C, 31–32 °C, and 〉32 °C). The benthic community diversity and relative coverage of major benthic groups were quantified via replicate photo transects. The composition of benthic assemblages varied significantly among the reef and marine lake habitats. The marine lakes 〈31 °C contained hard coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), and turf algae with coverages similar to those found in the coral reefs (17.4–18.8% hard coral, 3.5–26.3% CCA, and 15–15.5% turf algae, respectively), while the higher temperature marine lakes (31–32 °C and 〉32 °C) did not harbor hard coral or CCA. Benthic composition in the reefs was significantly influenced by geographic distance among sites but not by human activity or depth. Benthic composition in the marine lakes appeared to be structured by temperature, salinity, and degree of connection to the adjacent sea. Our results suggest that beyond a certain temperature (〉31 °C), benthic communities shift away from coral dominance, but new outcomes of assemblages can be highly distinct, with a possible varied dominance of macroalgae, benthic cyanobacterial mats, or filter feeders such as bivalves and tubeworms. This study illustrates the possible use of marine lake model systems to gain insight into shifts in the benthic community structure of tropical coastal ecosystems if hard corals are no longer dominant.
    Keywords: Benthic cover ; Biodiversity ; Coral reef ; Marine lake ; Anthropogenic pressures ; Raja ; Ampat (Indonesia)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Prokaryotic communities of the French Polynesian sponge Dactylospongia metachromia display a site-specific and stable diversity during an aquaculture trial (2024)
    In:  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek vol. 117 no. 1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Dynamics of microbiomes through time are fundamental regarding survival and resilience of their hosts when facing environmental alterations. As for marine species with commercial applications, such as marine sponges, assessing the temporal change of prokaryotic communities allows us to better consider the adaptation of sponges to aquaculture designs. The present study aims to investigate the factors shaping the microbiome of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia, in a context of aquaculture development in French Polynesia, Rangiroa, Tuamotu archipelago. A temporal approach targeting explants collected during farming trials revealed a relative high stability of the prokaryotic diversity, meanwhile a complementary biogeographical study confrmed a spatial specifcity amongst samples at diferent longitudinal scales. Results from this additional spatial analysis confrmed that diferences in prokaryotic communities might frst be explained by environmental changes (mainly temperature and salinity), while no signifcant efect of the host phylogeny was observed. The core community of D. metachromia is thus characterized by a high spatiotemporal constancy, which is a good prospect for the sustainable exploitation of this species towards drug development. Indeed, a microbiome stability across locations and throughout the farming process, as evidenced by our results, should go against a negative infuence of sponge translocation during in situ aquaculture.
    Keywords: Holobiont ; Marine sponges ; Microbiome ; Farming trials ; Biogeography ; French Polynesia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Diachronic quantification of the local marine reservoir effect (MRE) using Loripes orbiculatus shells from Late Holocene lagoonal deposits at Puntone di Scarlino (Central Tuscany, Italy): Proposed roles of microbial diagenesis and sedimentation rates (2024)
    In:  Quaternary Geochronology vol. 81 no. 101505
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: With the aim of dating the early salt production at Puntone di Scarlino (Central Tuscany, Italy) and establishing the environmental history of this coastal site, a sediment core was studied, taken from the lagoon next to the archaeological site. Diachronic radiocarbon dating of terrestrial plant macro remains and Loripes orbiculatus (Poli, 1795) shells, a burrowing lucinid bivalve occurring throughout the sediment cored, revealed a Marine Reservoir Effect (MRE) that varied markedly over time. Between ca. 4000 and 2500 cal BP, the △R values ranged between −50 and + 500 14C years, thus rendering the Loripes shells truly unsuited for independent radiocarbon dating. Extensive geochemical and palaeoecological study of the core and its environment showed that none of the ubiquitous explanations for this highly variable MRE, such as ‘hard water’ or ‘upwelling old seawater’, can be valid. We attribute the phenomenon to the uptake by this lucinid mollusc of ‘old carbon’ from the sediment column into which it had burrowed, released by diagenetic microbial decomposition processes such as methanogenesis. The age of this inorganic carbon varied, being linked to the sedimentation rate: with decreasing sedimentation rate its impact will increase, whereas at high sedimentation rates its impact will likely be minimal. Our results raise serious doubts about the suitability for radiocarbon dating of benthic fauna from shallow coastal environments and point at these diagenetic processes as potentially important sources of ‘old carbon’.
    Keywords: Holocene ; Paleoceanography ; Europe ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Marine reservoir effect ; Loripes orbiculatus ; Diagenetic carbon flux
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 221-249
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as ‘Nectria’ sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ancient DNA ; Ascomycota ; Hypocreales ; Illumina ; ribosomal sequences ; Sordariomycetes
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 1112–1181 (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 251-409
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum. China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta. Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora. Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis. Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis. Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber. Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ITS nrDNA barcodes ; LSU ; new taxa ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 46
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    Biomass-Derived Provenance Dominates Glacial Surface Organic Carbon in the Western Himalaya (2020)
    In:  Environmental Science and Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The origin, transport pathway, and spatial variability of total organic carbon (OC) in the western Himalayan glaciers are poorly understood compared to those of black carbon (BC) and dust, but it is critically important to evaluate the climatic role of OC in the region. By applying the distribution of OC activation energy; 14C activity; and radiogenic isotopes of 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb in glacial debris and atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 size fraction), we demonstrate that 98.3 ± 1.6 and 1.7 ± 1.6% of OC in western Himalayan glaciers are derived from biomass and petrogenic sources, respectively. The δ13C and N/C composition indicates that the biomass is a complex mixture of C3 vegetation and autochthonous photoautotrophic input modified by heterotrophic microbial activity. The data set reveals that the studied western Himalayan glacier has negligible contributions from fossil-fuel-derived particles, which contrasts to the central and eastern Himalayan glaciers that have significant contributions from fossil fuel sources. We show that this spatial variability of OC sources relates to regional differences in air mass transport pathways and precipitation regimes over the Himalaya. Moreover, our observation suggests that biomass-derived carbon could be the only primary driver of carbon-induced glacier melting in the western Himalaya.
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  • 47
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    High levels of fluoride in groundwater from Northern parts of Indo-Gangetic plains reveals detrimental fluorosis health risks (2022)
    In:  Environmental Advances
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Fluoride contamination in groundwater is a worldwide phenomenon. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes serious health risks, and as a result, fluoride contamination of water resources is a global concern. In this study, an attempt has been made to provide the distribution of fluoride and related non-carcinogenic health hazards to local individual groups (males, females, and children separately) in the fluoride endemic region of Patiala, Punjab located in the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The study shows that the dissolved groundwater fluoride concentration ranged between 1.5 and 9.2 mg/L with ∼98% of the sampling locations having fluoride levels higher than the permissible limit. Samples collected from deeper aquifers (〉284 m bgl) showed ∼27% more fluoride contamination compared to those collected from 〈284 m bgl. Maximum incidence of elevated fluoride concentrations was observed in the eastern part of the study area in-sync with groundwater movement. The hazard quotient of fluoride (HQFluoride) calculated to assess the non-carcinogenic health risk was higher than the unitary value in all individual groups suggesting a prevalence of distressful fluorosis and chronic health risk. Results show that the children are the most vulnerable to fluoride toxicity followed by males and females. Our results are consistent with the recent trends in an increase in dental, skeletal fluorosis, and liver functional damage problems reported in children and adults of the studied region. The study area, therefore, needs the urgent attention of policymakers and government agencies to implement proper water management and cost-effective fluoride remedial measures to reduce the current and future chronic health risks associated with high fluoride intake.
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  • 48
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    In contrast to diatoms, cryptophytes are susceptible to iron limitation, but not to ocean acidification (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Sciences Meeting 2022, 2022-02-24-2022-03-04Physiologia Plantarum, 174(1), ISSN: 0031-9317
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Previous field studies in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicated an increased occurrence and dominance of cryptophytes over diatoms due to climate change. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of how the two ecologically important SO phytoplankton groups cope with ocean acidification (OA) and iron (Fe) availability, we chose two common representatives of Antarctic waters, the cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata. Both species were grown at 2°C under different pCO2 (400 vs. 900 μatm) and Fe (0.6 vs. 1.2 nM) conditions. For P. subcurvata, an additional high pCO2 level was applied (1400 μatm). At ambient pCO2 under low Fe supply, growth of G. cryophila almost stopped while it remained unaffected in P. subcurvata. Under high Fe conditions, OA was not beneficial for P. subcurvata, but stimulated growth and carbon production of G. cryophila. Under low Fe supply, P. subcurvata coped much better with OA than the cryptophyte, but invested more energy into photoacclimation. Our study reveals that Fe limitation was detrimental for the growth of G. cryophila and suppressed the positive OA effect. The diatom was efficient in coping with low Fe, but was stressed by OA while both factors together strongly impacted its growth. The distinct physiological response of both species to OA and Fe limitation explains their occurrence in the field. Based on our results, Fe availability is an important modulator of OA effects on SO phytoplankton, with different implications on the occurrence of cryptophytes and diatoms in the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    ARTofMELT 2023 WP8 - Sea ice physics (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 50
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    Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia) (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Boreas, Wiley, 33(4), pp. 319-348, ISSN: 0300-9483
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences complemented by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and 230Th/U dates from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (73°20′N, 141°30′E) document the environmental history in the region for at least the past 200 ka. Pollen spectra and insect fauna indicate that relatively wet grasssedge tundra habitats dominated during an interstadial c. 200-170 ka BP. Summers were rather warm and wet, while stable isotopes reflect severe winter conditions. The pollen spectra reflect sparser grass-sedge vegetation during a Taz (Late Saalian) stage, c. 170-130 ka BP, with environmental conditions much more severe compared with the previous interstadial. Open Poaceae and Artemisia plant associations dominated vegetation at the beginning of the Kazantsevo (Eemian) c. 130 ka BP. Some shrubs (Alnus fruticosa, Salix, Betula nana) grew in more protected and wetter places as well. The climate was relatively warm during this time, resulting in the melting of Saalian ice wedges. Later, during the interglacial optimum, shrub tundra with Alnus fruticosa and Betula nana s.l. dominated vegetation. Climate was relatively wet and warm. Quantitative pollen-based climate reconstruction suggests that mean July temperatures were 4-5°C higher than the present during the optimum of the Eemian, while late Eemian records indicate significant climate deterioration. © 2004 Taylor & Francis.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 51
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    Diatom-Inspired Structural Adaptation According to Mode Shapes: A Study on 3D Structures and Software Tools (2024)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Biomimetics, MDPI, 9(4), pp. 241-241, ISSN: 2313-7673
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Diatoms captivate both biologists and engineers with their remarkable mechanical properties and lightweight design principles inherent in their shells. Recent studies have indicated that diatom frustules possess optimized shapes that align with vibrational modes, suggesting an inherent adaptation to vibratory loads. The mode shape adaptation method is known to significantly alter eigenfrequencies of 1D and 2D structures to prevent undesired vibration amplitudes. Leveraging this insight, the diatom-inspired approach to deform structures according to mode shapes was extended to different complex 3D structures, demonstrating a significant enhancement in eigenfrequencies with distinct mode shapes. Through extensive parameter studies, frequency increases exceeding 200% were obtained, showcasing the method’s effectiveness. In the second study part, the studied method was integrated into a user-friendly, low-code software facilitating swift and automated structural adjustments for eigenfrequency optimization. The created software tools, encompassing various components, were successfully tested on the example structures demonstrating the versatility and practicality of implementing biomimetic strategies in engineering designs. Thus, the present investigation does not only highlight the noteworthiness of the structural adaptation method inspired by diatoms in maximizing eigenfrequencies, but also originate software tools permitting different users to easily apply the method to distinct structures that have to be optimized, e.g., lightweight structures in the mobility or aerospace industry that are susceptible toward vibrations.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 52
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    Is spring melting in the Arctic detectable by under-ice radiation? (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: A trend towards earlier sea-ice melt is detected in many ice-covered regions in the Arctic. The timing of the melt onset has a strong impact on the sea-ice energy budget. Melt onset changes the radiative properties of the ice due to increasing snow wetness and meltwater. So far, satellite passive microwave data are used to detect the melt onset. We analyzed transmitted radiation spectra as collected underneath drifting sea-ice using a remotely operated vehicle during the ARTofMELT expedition in the Fram Strait in spring 2023. We colocated those spectra with measurements of snow depth, sea ice and surface topography, chlorophyll-a concentration in the water column, and with aerial images. This combined dataset enables us to track down possible subsurface pathways and accumulation pools of meltwater. Areas of low snow load and depressed surface topography are characterized by higher transmitted radiation compared to areas with a thick snow cover. Those areas overlapped with areas that showed the first signs of surface melt. Chlorophyll-a concentrations varied only slightly in magnitude and did not match with the heterogeneous pattern of snow depth and ice topography. Here we discuss how to disentangle the influences of chlorophyll a and the subsurface meltwater on the spectral shape of transmitted radiation. We propose that upon successful disentanglement, the spectra can be used as an indicator for subsurface melting. Our study suggests that sea-ice melting starts subsurface and that measurements of transmitted solar radiation spectra could be used to identify the melt onset prior to surface melting. This can provide an interesting complementary information on melt occurrence and on the location of the water in the snowpack in addition to satellite passive microwave data.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 53
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    Is spring melting in the Arctic detectable by under-ice radiation? (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: A trend towards earlier sea-ice melt is detected in many ice-covered regions in the Arctic. The timing of the melt onset has a strong impact on the sea-ice energy budget. Melt onset changes the radiative properties of the ice due to increasing snow wetness and meltwater. So far, satellite passive microwave data are used to detect the melt onset. We analyzed transmitted radiation spectra as collected underneath drifting sea-ice using a remotely operated vehicle during the ARTofMELT expedition in the Fram Strait in spring 2023. We colocated those spectra with measurements of snow depth, sea ice and surface topography, chlorophyll-a concentration in the water column, and with aerial images. This combined dataset enables us to track down possible subsurface pathways and accumulation pools of meltwater. Areas of low snow load and depressed surface topography are characterized by higher transmitted radiation compared to areas with a thick snow cover. Those areas overlapped with areas that showed the first signs of surface melt. Chlorophyll-a concentrations varied only slightly in magnitude and did not match with the heterogeneous pattern of snow depth and ice topography. Here we discuss how to disentangle the influences of chlorophyll a and the subsurface meltwater on the spectral shape of transmitted radiation. We propose that upon successful disentanglement, the spectra can be used as an indicator for subsurface melting. Our study suggests that sea-ice melting starts subsurface and that measurements of transmitted solar radiation spectra could be used to identify the melt onset prior to surface melting. This can provide an interesting complementary information on melt occurrence and on the location of the water in the snowpack in addition to satellite passive microwave data.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Paralytic toxin profile of the marine dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham from the Mexican Pacific as revealed by LC-MS/MS (2015)
    Informa UK Limited
    In:  EPIC3Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, Informa UK Limited, 32(3), pp. 381-394, ISSN: 1944-0049
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profiles of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham have been reported for several strains from the Pacific coast of Mexico cultured under different laboratory conditions, as well as from natural populations. Up to 15 saxitoxin analogues occurred and the quantity of each toxin depended on the growth phase and culture conditions. Previous analysis of toxin profiles of G. catenatum isolated from Mexico have been based on post-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD), a method prone to artefacts and non-specificity, leading to misinterpretation of toxin composition. We describe, for the first time, the complete toxin profile for several G. catenatum strains from diverse locations of the Pacific coast of Mexico. The new results confirmed previous reports on the dominance of the less potent sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/2); significant differences, however, in the composition (e.g., absence of saxitoxin, gonyautoxin 2/3 and neosaxitoxin) were revealed in our confirmatory analysis. The LC-MS/MS analyses also indicated at least seven putative benzoyl toxin analogues and provided support for their existence. This new toxin profile shows a high similarity (〉 80%) to the profiles reported from several regions around the world, suggesting low genetic variability among global populations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The Upwelling Source Depth Distribution and Its Response to Wind Stress and Stratification (2024)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, 54(4), pp. 1003-1018, ISSN: 0022-3670
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Coastal upwelling, driven by alongshore winds and characterized by cold sea surface temperatures and high upper-ocean nutrient content, is an important physical process sustaining some of the oceans’ most productive ecosystems. To fully understand the ocean properties in eastern boundary upwelling systems, it is important to consider the depth of the source waters being upwelled, as it affects both the SST and the transport of nutrients toward the surface. Here, we construct an upwelling source depth distribution for parcels at the surface in the upwelling zone. We do so using passive tracers forced at the domain boundary for every model depth level to quantify their contributions to the upwelled waters. We test the dependence of this distribution on the strength of the wind stress and stratification using high-resolution regional ocean simulations of an idealized coastal upwelling system. We also present an efficient method for estimating the mean upwelling source depth. Furthermore, we show that the standard deviation of the upwelling source depth distribution increases with increasing wind stress and decreases with increasing stratification. These results can be applied to better understand and predict how coastal upwelling sites and their surface properties have and will change in past and future climates.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Morphological and Molecular Characterization of the Benthic Dinoflagellate Amphidinium from Coastal Waters of Mexico (2023)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Phycology, MDPI, 3(2), pp. 305-324, ISSN: 2673-9410
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The genus Amphidinium Clap. & J. Lachm. comprises a high diversity of planktonic and benthic (epiphytic and sand-dwelling) dinoflagellates from marine and freshwater ecosystems. High morphological plasticity and vaguely defined genus characteristics (e.g., a small epicone size) have complicated the clear delineation of species boundaries. Although six Amphidinium morphospecies have been reported from Mexican coastal waters, species identifications are uncertain and not generally supported by molecular phylogenetic data. In this study, seven isolates of Amphidinium from diverse benthic coastal locations on the NE Pacific, Gulf of California, and southern Gulf of Mexico were subjected to critical morphological analysis using photonic and scanning electron microscopy. The phylogenetic reconstruction was based on nuclear-encoded, partial large-subunit (LSU) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer I and II (ITS1 and ITS2) sequences. The revised phylogenetic analysis was consistent with the traditional subdivision of the genus Amphidinium into two sister groups: Herdmanii and Operculatum clades. This study provided the first confirmed records of A. theodorei and A. massartii from coastal waters of Mexico. The molecular phylogenetic evidence indicated that the morphologically described A. cf. carterae from Baja California was in fact more closely allied with A. eilatiensis sequences. A few Amphidinium species are known to form toxigenic (i.e., fish-killing) harmful algal blooms worldwide, and therefore knowledge on species diversity and biogeography is critical in developing effective strategies for evaluating the potential emerging threat in Mexican coastal waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 57
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    A review on marine benthic dinoflagellates in Mexico (2022)
    Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana
    In:  EPIC3Hidrobiológica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, 33(3), pp. 183-210, ISSN: 0188-8897
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Mexican studies on marine benthic dinoflagellates (MBD) began in 1942 from the offshore region of Oaxaca, based on water column samples. Subsequently, in ten Mexican maritime states, both epibenthos and plankton samples have been collected, species have been cultured, and field and laboratory studies have been carried out. Goals: The objective of this contribution is to review the studies on MBD in Mexican waters for current status and future risk assessment. Methods: Available literature on MBD from Mexico published from 1942 to 2022 was analyzed. Results: A review of the studies on MBD is presented herein, subdivided into four sections: (1) taxonomic diversity (morphological and molecular), (2) benthic phycotoxin vectors and toxigenicity, (3) toxicity and (4) species interactions. A map of the location of field populations of MBD and a reference list of taxonomic and ecological studies on MBD in Mexico is provided. A taxonomic list of ca. 60 species, mainly of Prorocentrum, followed in number by Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Coolia, and Sinophysis is presented. This list is accompanied by scanning electron microscopic images of 15 species. Knowledge of the toxigenicity of MBD is scarce, hence a reference table of known toxigenic species in Mexico and their respective associated syndromes is included. Conclusions: Studies on MBD in Mexico have slowly increased, probably due to the availability of a greater number of cultured strains, as well as to more extensive international collaborations. Confirmed links between benthic harmful algal bloom species and events associated with the etiology of toxic syndromes are rarely known in Mexico.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    HIGH BIOMAS BLOOMS CAUSING FISH KILLS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (2023)
    FAO
    In:  EPIC3FAO, ISBN: 9789251377147
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have significant impacts on food safety and security through contamination or mass mortalities of aquatic organisms. Indeed, if not properly controlled, aquatic products contaminated with HAB biotoxins are responsible for potentially deadly foodborne diseases and when rapidly growing, HAB consequences include reduced dissolved oxygen in the ocean, dead zones, and mass mortalities of aquatic organisms. Improving HAB forecasting is an opportunity to develop early warning systems for HAB events such as food contamination, mass mortalities, or foodborne diseases. Surveillance systems have been developed to monitor HABs in many countries; however, the lead-time or the type of data (i.e. identification at the Species-level, determination of toxicity) may not be sufficient to take effective action for food safety management measures or other reasons, such as transfer of aquaculture products to other areas. Having early warning systems could help mitigate the impact of HABs and reduce the occurrence of HAB events. In this regard, FAO took the lead in the development of a Joint FAO-IOC-IAEA Technical Guidance for the Implementation of Early Warning Systems for HABs. The document will guide competent authorities and relevant institutions involved in consumer protection or environmental monitoring to implement early warning systems for HABs present in their areas (marine and brackish waters), specifically for those affecting food safety or food security (benthic HABs, fish-killing HABs, pelagic toxic HABs, and cyanobacteria HABs).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    15 insights on the global steel transformation (2024)
    Berlin : Agora Industry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    When rationality meets intuition : a research agenda for software design decision-making (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: As society's reliance on software systems escalates over time, so too does the cost of failure of these systems. Meanwhile, the complexity of software systems, as well as of their designs, is also ever-increasing, influenced by the proliferation of new tools and technologies to address intended societal needs. The traditional response to this complexity in software engineering and software architecture has been to apply rationalistic approaches to software design through methods and tools for capturing design rationale and evaluating various design options against a set of criteria. However, research from other fields demonstrates that intuition may also hold benefits for making complex design decisions. All humans, including software designers, use intuition and rationality in varying combinations. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and unknown from existing research regarding the use and performance consequences of using intuition and rationality in software design decision-making. To this end, a systematic literature review has been conducted, with an initial sample of 3909 unique publications and a final sample of 26 primary studies. We present an overview of existing research, based on the literature concerning intuition and rationality use in software design decision-making and propose a research agenda with 14 questions that should encourage researchers to fill identified research gaps. This research agenda emphasizes what should be investigated to be able to develop support for the application of the two cognitive processes in software design decision-making.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Klimaneutrale Industrie : ausführliche Darstellung der Schlüsseltechnologien für die Branchen Stahl, Chemie und Zement (2020)
    Berlin : Agora Energiewende
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Die Grundstoffindustrie ist ein wichtiger Pfeiler des Wohlstands in Deutschland, sie garantiert Wertschöpfung und sorgt für über 550.000 hochwertige Arbeitsplätze. Um diese für die deutsche Wirtschaft wichtigen Branchen zu erhalten, müssen jetzt die Schlüsseltechnologien für eine CO2-arme Grundstoffproduktion entwickelt und für den großtechnischen Einsatz skaliert werden. Die vorliegende Analyse ist als Ergänzung zu der Studie "Klimaneutrale Industrie: Schlüsseltechnologien und Politikoptionen für Stahl, Chemie und Zement" gedacht. Die 13 in der erwähnten Studie vorgestellten Schlüsseltechnologien werden hier für die technisch interessierten Leserinnen und Leser eingehender beschrieben und diskutiert. Diese Publikation dient als Aufschlag für eine Diskussion über Technologieoptionen und Strategien für eine klimaneutrale Industrie. Alle Daten und Annahmen in dieser Analyse wurden mit Unternehmen und Branchenverbänden intensiv besprochen. Die quantitativen Aussagen sind trotzdem als vorläufig zu betrachten, da sich viele Technologien noch in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase befinden und Abschätzungen über Kosten mit großen Unsicherheiten verbunden sind.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Klimaneutrale Industrie : Schlüsseltechnologien und Politikoptionen für Stahl, Chemie und Zement ; Studie (2020)
    Berlin : Agora Energiewende
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Die Grundstoffindustrie ist ein Pfeiler des Wohlstands in Deutschland, sie garantiert Wertschöpfung und sorgt für über 550.000 hochwertige Arbeitsplätze. Im Ausland steht Made in Germany für höchste Qualität und Innovationsdynamik. Aber: Trotz Effizienz­steigerungen sind die Emissionen der Industrie in den letzten Jahren nicht gefallen und durch die nationalen und internationalen Klimaschutzziele steigt der Druck. Die zentrale Frage lautet daher: Wie kann die Grundstoffindustrie in Deutschland bis spätestens 2050 klimaneutral werden - und gleichzeitig ihre starke Stellung im internationalen Wettbewerbs­umfeld behalten? Agora Energiewende und das Wuppertal Institut haben im Rahmen dieses Projekts in zahlreichen Workshops mit Industrie, Verbänden, Gewerkschaften, Ministerien und der Zivilgesellschaft die Zukunft für eine klimaneutrale Industrie diskutiert und einen Lösungsraum aus technologischen Optionen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen skizziert. In den Workshops wurde deutlich: Die Industrie steht in den Startlöchern, die Herausforderung Klimaschutz offensiv anzugehen. Die fehlenden Rahmenbedingungen und der bisher unzureichende Gestaltungswille der Politik, innovative Instrumente umzusetzen, hindern sie jedoch voranzugehen. Es ist höchste Zeit, dass sich das ändert. Denn jede neue Industrieanlage muss klimasicher sein - schließlich hat sie eine Laufzeit bis weit über das Jahr 2050 hinaus. Diese Publikation soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, richtungssicher investieren zu können.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Complete mitochondrial genome MK992912 of Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris) is a chimera with DNA from Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva (Aves: Charadriiformes) (2024)
    In:  Mitochondrial DNA Part B vol. 9 no. 4, pp. 532-535
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: A complete mitochondrial genome of Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris), MK992912, was published by He and colleagues in 2020. Here we show that this mitogenome is actually a chimera containing DNA fragments of both C. tenuirostris (15,567 bp, 92.8%) and Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva, 1208 bp, 7.2%). Detecting such errors is possible before publication if each sequenced fragment is separately analyzed phylogenetically before assembling the fragments into a single mitogenome. This mitogenome has been re-used in at least four phylogenies. The error is documented to avoid the perpetuation of erroneous sequence information in the literature.
    Keywords: Chimerism ; laboratory ; errors ; mitogenome ; sequence artifacts ; shorebirds
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    A new, unusually large, Clavicornaltica Scherer, 1974 flea beetle from Borneo, described and sequenced in the field by citizen scientists (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) (2024)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  Biodiversity Data Journal vol. 12 no. e119481
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Background: The genus Clavicornaltica Scherer 1974 consists of very small, soil-dwelling flea beetles in South, Southeast and East Asia. Due to their diminutive size and morphological similarities, very little is known about their ecology and taxonomical diversity. It is likely that further studies will reveal this genus to be much more speciose than the 30 species currently recognised. New information: A new species of Clavicornaltica from Brunei Darussalam is described, C. mataikanensis Otani et al., sp. nov. This is the second species of this genus recorded from Ulu Temburong National Park.
    Keywords: Lowland Dipterocarp rainforest ; citizen science ; new species ; humicole beetles ; taxonomy ; tourism
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Dutch landscapes have lost insect‐pollinated plants over the past 87 years (2024)
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology vol. 2024
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: 1. The interruption of plant-pollinator interactions may threaten global plant diversity, food security and ecosystem stability. Recent reports of strong declines in both insects and plants point to insect decline as a driver of plant decline. However, it is still unknown whether these trends are related as plants often produce seeds without the need for insect pollinators, and to what extent insect-pollinated plants have declined in relation to plants not pollinated by insects. 2. In this study, we hypothesise that natural plant communities have shifted away from insect-pollination. We combined 365,768 vegetation plots from 1930 to 2017 in the Netherlands and plant traits to assess the changes in occurrences of plants pollinated by different modes. Furthermore, we included key drivers in plant decline—specifically nitrogen, moisture and habitat types—as interaction factors to explore the persistence of the observed changes under different environmental conditions. 3. The proportion of insect-pollinated plants has declined while that of wind-pollinated plants has increased over the last 87 years. This proportional change reflects an absolute decrease in the number of insect-pollinated species and an increase in the number of wind-pollinated species. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study implies that Dutch landscapes are losing insect-pollinated plant species, which is likely due, at least in part, to the decline in pollination services. Our results of quantifying the decline in insect-pollinated plants support the necessity and urgency of taking conservation initiatives. Several management strategies and policy recommendations could be applied to alleviate the decline of insect-pollinated plants and ensure crop safety. For example, conserving natural environments by reducing nitrogen deposition may support local plants and insect pollinators. Additionally, there is a particular need for focused efforts to protect natural grasslands, as these areas harbour many insect-pollinated plants, which have experienced declines. Finally, monitoring and assessing the state of both pollinators and (insect-pollinated) plants is needed to assess the progress of conservation measures. While recognising the interdependence of pollinators and pollinated plants, it is crucial to extend efforts beyond pollinator conservation alone to effectively safeguard insect- pollinated plants and ensure crop safety.
    Keywords: insect decline ; natural plant community ; plant diversity ; plant species composition ; plant-insect interaction ; pollination modes ; temporal trends
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Mating genes in Calonectria and evidence for a heterothallic ancestral state (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 163-176
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The genus Calonectria includes many important plant pathogens with a wide global distribution. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of these fungi, we characterised the structure of the mating type locus and flanking genes using the genome sequences for seven Calonectria species. Primers to amplify the mating type genes in other species were also developed. PCR amplification of the mating type genes and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the mating strategies and evolution of mating type in a collection of 70 Calonectria species residing in 10 Calonectria species complexes. Results showed that the organisation of the MAT locus and flanking genes is conserved. In heterothallic species, a novel MAT gene, MAT1-2-12 was identified in the MAT1-2 idiomorph; the MAT1-1 idiomorph, in most cases, contained the MAT1-1-3 gene. Neither MAT1-1-3 nor MAT1-2-12 was found in homothallic Calonectria (Ca.) hongkongensis, Ca. lateralis, Ca. pseudoturangicola and Ca. turangicola. Four different homothallic MAT locus gene arrangements were observed. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis provided evidence that the homothallic state was basal in Calonectria and this evolved from a heterothallic ancestor.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Cylindrocladium ; fungal biology ; fungal pathogens ; MAT locus ; mating type ; phylogeny ; sexual reproduction
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    New records of notoaturine water mites from New Zealand, with the description of five new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Notoaturinae) (2024)
    In:  Acarologia vol. 64 no. 2, pp. 499-524
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: New records of notoaturine water mites (Aturidae: Notoaturinae) from New Zealand are presented. Five new species are described: Evidaturus longiscutatus n. sp., Kritaturus (Kritaturus) longipalpis n. sp., Planaturus simpsonensis n. sp., Tryssaturus longwood n. sp. and Zelandalbia thibaulti n. sp. The males are described for the first time for Planaturus pileatus Smit, 2017 and Zelandalbia cf. hopkinsi Imamura, 1978 and the females are described for the first time for Kritaturus (Kritaturus) sornus Cook, 1983, Paratryssaturus zodelus Cook, 1983 and Taintaturus accidens Cook, 1983.
    Keywords: new species; taxonomy; new records; notoaturine mites; New Zealand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Fungal associates of an invasive pine-infesting bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, including seven new Ophiostomatalean fungi (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 177-195
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens) is a bark beetle that is native to Central and North America. This insect is well-known to live in association with a large number of Ophiostomatalean fungi. The beetle is considered a minor pest in its native range, but has killed millions of indigenous pine trees in China after its appearance in that country in the late 1990s. In order to increase the base of knowledge regarding the RTB and its symbionts, surveys of the beetle’s fungal associates were initially undertaken in China, and in a subsequent study in its native range in NorthAmerica.Atotal of 30 Ophiostomatalean species that included several undescribed taxa, were identified in these surveys. In the present study, seven of the undescribed taxa collected during the surveys were further characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenies. We proceeded to describe five of these as novel Leptographium spp. and two as new species of Ophiostoma. Four of the Leptographium spp. resided in the G. galeiformis-species complex, while one formed part of the L. olivaceumspecies complex. One Ophiostoma sp. was a member of the O. ips-species complex, while the only new species from China was closely related to O. floccosum. Two of the previously undescribed taxa from North America were shown to be congeneric with L. terebrantis, implying that this species was most often isolated in association with the RTB in North America. The undescribed taxon from North America was identified as O. ips, and like L. terebrantis, this species was also not recognized during the initial North American survey. Resolving the identities of these taxa provides essential baseline information to better understand the movement of fungal pathogens with this beetle. This then enhances our ability to accurately assess and predict the risks of invasions by these and related fungi.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; invasion biology ; phylogenetics ; Scolytinae ; seven new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Efficient Speech Detection in Environmental Audio Using Acoustic Recognition and Knowledge Distillation (2024)
    In:  Sensors vol. 24 no. 7, pp. 2046-2046
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The ongoing biodiversity crisis, driven by factors such as land-use change and global warming, emphasizes the need for effective ecological monitoring methods. Acoustic monitoring of biodiversity has emerged as an important monitoring tool. Detecting human voices in soundscape monitoring projects is useful both for analyzing human disturbance and for privacy filtering. Despite significant strides in deep learning in recent years, the deployment of large neural networks on compact devices poses challenges due to memory and latency constraints. Our approach focuses on leveraging knowledge distillation techniques to design efficient, lightweight student models for speech detection in bioacoustics. In particular, we employed the MobileNetV3-Small-Pi model to create compact yet effective student architectures to compare against the larger EcoVADteacher model, a well-regarded voice detection architecture in eco-acoustic monitoring. The comparative analysis included examining various configurations of the MobileNetV3-Small-Pi-derived student models to identify optimal performance. Additionally, a thorough evaluation of different distillation techniques was conducted to ascertain the most effective method for model selection. Our findings revealed that the distilled models exhibited comparable performance to the EcoVAD teacher model, indicating a promising approach to overcoming computational barriers for real-time ecological monitoring.
    Keywords: passive acoustic monitoring ; eco-acoustics ; deep learning ; knowledge distillation ; bioacoustics ; classification ; transfer learning ; speech detection
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Novel collophorina-like genera and species from Prunus trees and vineyards in Germany (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 46-67
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Strains with a yeast-like appearance were frequently collected in two surveys on the biodiversity of fungi in Germany, either associated with necroses in wood of Prunus trees in orchards in Saxony, Lower Saxony and Baden-Württemberg or captured in spore traps mounted on grapevine shoots in a vineyard in Rhineland-Palatinate. The morphology of the strains was reminiscent of the genus Collophorina: all strains produced aseptate conidia on integrated conidiogenous cells directly on hyphae, on discrete phialides, adelophialides and by microcyclic conidiation, while in some strains additionally endoconidia or conidia in conidiomata were observed. Blastn searches with the ITS region placed the strains in the Leotiomycetes close to Collophorina spp. Analyses based on morphological and multi-locus sequence data (LSU, ITS, EF-1α, GAPDH) revealed that the 152 isolates from wood of Prunus spp. belong to five species including C. paarla, C. africana and three new species. A further ten isolates from spore traps belonged to seven new species, of which one was isolated from Prunus wood as well. However, a comparison with both LSU and ITS sequence data of these collophorina-like species with reference sequences from further Leotiomycetes revealed the genus Collophorina to be polyphyletic and the strains to pertain to several genera within the Phacidiales. Collophorina paarla and C. euphorbiae are transferred to the newly erected genera Pallidophorina and Ramoconidiophora, respectively. The new genera Capturomyces, Variabilispora and Vexillomyces are erected to accommodate five new species isolated from spore traps. In total nine species were recognised as new to science and described as Collophorina badensis, C. germanica, C. neorubra, Capturomyces funiculosus, Ca. luteus, Tympanis inflata, Variabilispora flava, Vexillomyces palatinus and V. verruculosus.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Collophora ; morphology ; multi-locus phylogeny ; new taxa ; species diversity ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 132-162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch’s postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus ; six new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Gymnosporangium species on Malus: species delineation, diversity and host alternation (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 68-100
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Gymnosporangium species (Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are the causal agents of cedarapple rust diseases, which can lead to significant economic losses to apple cultivars. Currently, the genus contains 17 described species that alternate between spermogonial/aecial stages on Malus species and telial stages on Juniperus or Chamaecyparis species, although these have yet to receive a modern systematic treatment. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that Gymnosporangium does not belong to the Pucciniaceae sensu stricto (s.str.), nor is it allied to any currently defined rust family. In this study we examine the phylogenetic placement of the genus Gymnosporangium. We also delineate interspecific boundaries of the Gymnosporangium species on Malus based on phylogenies inferred from concatenated data of rDNA SSU, ITS and LSU and the holomorphic morphology of the entire life cycle. Based on these results, we propose a new family, Gymnosporangiaceae, to accommodate the genus Gymnosporangium, and recognize 22 Gymnosporangium species parasitic on Malus species, of which G. lachrymiforme, G. shennongjiaense, G. spinulosum, G. tiankengense and G. kanas are new. Typification of G. asiaticum, G. fenzelianum, G. juniperi-virginianae, G. libocedri, G. nelsonii, G. nidus-avis and G. yamadae are proposed to stabilize the use of names. Morphological and molecular data from type materials of 14 Gymnosporangium species are provided. Finally, morphological characteristics, host alternation and geographical distribution data are provided for each Gymnosporangium species on Malus.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Apple rust ; host alternation ; new taxa ; species delimitation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 196-220
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella, P. globosa, had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Celerioriella ; five new taxa ; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata ; Olea europaea subsp. europaea ; phylogenetics ; Pseudophaeomoniella ; taxonomy ; Vredendaliella ; Xenocylindrosporium
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Cytospora (Diaporthales) in China (2020)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 1-45
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Members of the genus Cytospora are often reported as endophytes, saprobes or phytopathogens, primarily causing canker diseases of woody host plants. They occur on a wide range of hosts and have a worldwide distribution. Although several species have in the past been reported from China, the vast majority are not known from culture or DNA phylogeny. The primary aim of the present study was thus to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of a large collection of Cytospora species associated with diverse hosts in China. Cytospora spp. were collected in northeast, northwest, north and southwest China, indicating that the cold and dry environments favour these fungi. In this paper, we provide an assessment of 52 Cytospora spp. in China, focussing on 40 species represented by 88 isolates from 28 host genera. Based on a combination of morphology and a six-locus phylogeny (ITS, LSU, act1, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2), 13 new species and one new combination are introduced. The majority of the species investigated here appear to be host-specific, although further collections and pathogenicity studies will be required to confirm this conclusion.
    Keywords: canker disease ; new taxa ; plant pathogen ; systematics ; taxonomy ; Valsa
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Bees (2024)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  Biodiversity Data Journal vol. 12 no. e117172
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Bees are important actors in terrestrial ecosystems and are recognised for their prominent role as pollinators. In the Iberian Peninsula, approximately 1,100 bee species are known, with nearly 100 of these species being endemic to the Peninsula. A reference collection of DNA barcodes, based on morphologically identified bee specimens, representing 514 Iberian species, was constructed. The "InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian bees" dataset contains records of 1,059 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 47% of Iberian bee species diversity and 21% of endemic species diversity. For peninsular Portugal only, the corresponding coverage is 71% and 50%. Specimens were collected between 2014 and 2022 and are deposited in the research collection of Thomas Wood (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands), in the FLOWer Lab collection at the University of Coimbra (Portugal), in the Andreia Penado collection at the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) (Portugal) and in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) reference collection (Vairão, Portugal).
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; occurrence records ; species distributions ; peninsular Portugal ; peninsular ; Spain ; DNA barcode ; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) ; pollinator
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 101-131
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guangdongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. The overall data showed that Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eucalyptus ; fungal pathogen ; host jump ; Myrtaceae ; new taxa ; plantation forestry
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    RADReef: A global Holocene Reef Rate of Accretion Dataset (2024)
    In:  Scientific Data vol. 11 no. 398
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Reef cores are a powerful tool for investigating temporal changes in reef communities. Radiometric dating facilitates the determination of vertical accretion rates, which has allowed for examination of local-regional controlling factors, such as subsidence and sea level changes. Coral reefs must grow at sufcient rates to keep up with sea level rise, or risk ‘drowning.’ As sea level is expected to rise signifcantly in the next 100 years and beyond, it is important to understand whether reefs will be able to survive. Historical records of reef accretion rates extracted from cores provide valuable insights into extrinsic controlling factors of reef growth and are instrumental in helping predict if future reefs can accrete at rates needed to overcome predicted sea level changes. While extensive research exists at local and regional scales, limited attention has been given to identifying global patterns and drivers. To address this, we present “RADReef”: A global dataset of dated Holocene reef cores. RADReef serves as a foundation for further research on past, present and future reef accretion.
    Keywords: Biogeochemistry ; Geomorphology ; Palaeoceanography ; Physical oceanography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system (2024)
    In:  Nature vol. 626 no. 7999, pp. 555-564
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving diferent feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local eforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global eforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    About this title - Characterization, Prediction and Modelling of Crustal Present-DayIn-SituStresses (2023)
    In:  Characterization, Prediction and Modelling of Crustal Present-Day In-Situ Stresses | Geological Society special publication
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
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  • 80
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    Characterization, Prediction and Modelling of Crustal Present-Day In-Situ Stresses (2024)
    Geological Society of London
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Synchronizing the Western Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea) and Lake Kälksjön (central Sweden) sediment records using common cosmogenic radionuclide production variations (2024)
    In:  Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Multi-archive studies of climate events and archive-specific response times require synchronous time scales. Aligning common variations in the cosmogenic radionuclide production rate via curve fitting methods provides a tool for the continuous synchronization of natural environmental archives down to decadal precision. Based on this approach, we synchronize 10Be records from Western Gotland Basin (WGB, Baltic Sea) and Lake Kälksjön (KKJ, central Sweden) sediments to the 14C production time series from the IntCal20 calibration curve during the Mid-Holocene period ~6400 to 5200 a BP. Before the synchronization, we assess and reduce non-production variability in the 10Be records by using 10Be/9Be ratios and removing common variability with the TOC record from KKJ sediments based on regression analysis. The synchronizations to the IntCal20 14C production time scale suggest decadal to multi-decadal refinements of the WGB and KKJ chronologies. These refinements reduce the previously centennial chronological uncertainties of both archives to about ± 20 (WGB) and ±40 (KKJ) years. Combining proxy time series from the synchronized archives enables us to interpret a period of ventilation in the deep central Baltic Sea basins from ~6250 to 6000 a BP as possibly caused by inter-annual cooling reducing vertical water temperature gradients allowing deep water formation during exceptionally cold winters.
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    The quest for high fidelity, accurate geomechanical models and the research leading to it (2024)
    In:  Characterization, Prediction and Modelling of Crustal Present-Day In-Situ Stresses | Geological Society special publication
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Geomechanics has a marked impact on the safe and sustainable use of the subsurface. This Special Publication contains contributions detailing the latest efforts in present-day in-situ stress characterization, prediction and modelling from the borehole to plate-tectonic scale. A particular emphasis is on the uncertainties that are often associated with geomechanics.
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Contribution of cryoconite holes in the supraglacial discharge of bioavailable iron in Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica (2024)
    In:  Polar Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Supraglacial discharge of limiting micronutrients such as iron (Fe) into high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions like the Southern Ocean has recently drawn global attention. In this study, we aim to understand the contribution of cryoconite holes (comprising a meltwater column with an underlying layer of sediment) to the discharge of Fe through the glacier runoff. Cryoconite hole meltwater collected from the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica showed a higher concentration of dissolved Fe (dFe: 71.2 μgL−1) and total Fe extractable from suspended sediments (exFe: 362.1 μgL−1) than in the adjacent streams (dFe: 30.5 μgL−1; exFe: 21.2 μgL−1) and melt pools (dFe: 42.3 μgL−1; exFe: 5.8 μgL−1). Predictive pathways (using PICRUSt2) show that cryoconite hole bacterial communities could acquire Fe and other trace elements using different mechanisms, such as the biosynthesis of siderophores, and transport proteins, therefore influencing the trace metal chemistry in these and other environments that drain cryoconite hole contents. Estimated discharge of dFe (11.4 kg km−2 a−1) and exFe (57.9 kg km−2 a−1) within cryoconite holes are 2 and 17 times higher, respectively than the discharge from the adjacent supraglacial streams, indicating that cryoconite holes are an important source of potentially bioavailable Fe to the HNLC region.
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  • 84
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    Erdbebensicherheit von Hochwasserrückhaltebecken und Talsperren - Kompendium für Betreiber und Wasserbehörden (2016)
    LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Die DIN 19700:2004-07 "Stauanlagen fordert für Hochwasserrückhaltebecken und Talsperren die Prüfung der Einwirkung von Erdbeben. Ausgehend von der Erdbebengefahr am Standort müssen Nachweise hinsichtlich der Zuverlässigkeit der Stauanlage im Erdbebenfall geführt werden. Für die Betreiber und die Wasserbehörden gibt das vorliegende Kompendium einen zusammenfassenden Überblick über die Grundlagen der Erdbebennachweisführung entsprechend den DIN-Vorgaben. Die Anforderungen an die Nachweisführung sowie eine Leistungsbeschreibung für die zu beauftragenden Fachbüros werden gegeben. Ferner werden Hinweise zum Betrieb der Stauanlage erläutert. Es wird dargestellt, wie die Stauanlagen in Hinsicht auf eine Erdbebeneinwirkung zu überwachen sind.
    Language: German
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  • 85
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    Persistent microbial communities in hyperarid subsurface habitats of the Atacama Desert: Insights from intracellular DNA analysis (2024)
    In:  PNAS Nexus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Desert environments constitute one of the largest and yet most fragile ecosystems on Earth. Under the absence of regular precipitation, microorganisms are the main ecological component mediating nutrient fluxes by using soil components, like minerals and salts, and atmospheric gases as a source for energy and water. While most of the previous studies on microbial ecology of desert environments have focused on surface environments, little is known about microbial life in deeper sediment layers. Our study is extending the limited knowledge about microbial communities within the deeper subsurface of the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert. By employing intracellular DNA extraction and subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing of samples collected from a soil pit in the Yungay region of the Atacama Desert, we unveiled a potentially viable microbial subsurface community residing at depths down to 4.20 m. In the upper 80 cm of the playa sediments, microbial communities were dominated by Firmicutes taxa showing a depth-related decrease in biomass correlating with increasing amounts of soluble salts. High salt concentrations are possibly causing microbial colonization to cease in the lower part of the playa sediments between 80 and 200 cm depth. In the underlying alluvial fan deposits, microbial communities reemerge, possibly due to gypsum providing an alternative water source. The discovery of this deeper subsurface community is reshaping our understanding of desert soils, emphasizing the need to consider subsurface environments in future explorations of arid ecosystems.
    Language: English
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    Increasing accuracy of 3-D geomechanical-numerical models (2024)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: The current crustal stress field is of key importance to understand geodynamic processes and to assess stability aspects during subsurface usage. To provide a 3-D continuous description of the stress state, linear elastic forward geomechanical-numerical models are used. These models solve the equilibrium of forces between gravitational volume forces and surfaces forces im- posed mainly by plate tectonics. The latter are responsible for the horizontal stress anisotropy and impose the inverse problem to estimate horizontal displacement boundary conditions that provide a fit best to horizontal stress magnitude data within the model volume. Ho wever , horizontal stress magnitude data have high uncertainties and they are sparse, clustered and not necessaril y representati ve for a larger rock v olume. Even w hen Bay esian statistics are incor - porated and additional stress information such as borehole failure observations or formation integrity test are used to further constrain the solution space, this approach may result in a low accuracy of the model results, that is the result is not correct. Here, we present an alternative approach that removes the dependence of the solution space based on stress magnitude data to avoid potential low accuracy . Initially , a solution space that contains all stress states that are physically reasonable is defined. Stress magnitude data and the additional stress information are then used in a Bayesian framework to e v aluate which solutions are more likely than others. We first show and validate our approach with a generic truth model and then apply it to a case study of the Molasse foreland basin of the Alps in Southern Germany. The results show that the model’s ability to predict a reliable stress state is increasing while the number of likely solutions may also increase, and that outlier of stress magnitude data can be identified. This alternative approach results in a substantial increase in computational speed as we perform most of the calculations anal yticall y.
    Language: English
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    Genomische Signaturen des Übergangs zur Mehrzelligkeit (2022)
    In:  EPIC3BIOspektrum, 28(3), pp. 269-271, ISSN: 0947-0867
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Iron and manganese co-limit the growth of two phytoplankton groups dominant at two locations of the Drake Passage (2022)
    Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Nature, 207(5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Expedition Programme PS139/1 and PS139/2 (2023)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  EPIC3Expeditionsprogramm Polarstern, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 20 p., pp. 1-20
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Expedition program , notRev
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    Microbial diversity through an oceanographic lens: refining the concept of ocean provinces through trophic-level analysis and productivity-specific length scales (2021)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 1462-2920
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: In the marine realm, microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of primary production, thereby sustaining marine life across all trophic levels. Longhurst provinces have distinct microbial fingerprints; however, little is known about how microbial diversity and primary productivity change at finer spatial scales. Here, we sampled the Atlantic Ocean from south to north (~50°S–50°N), every ~0.5° latitude. We conducted measurements of primary productivity, chlorophyll-a and relative abundance of 16S and 18S rRNA genes, alongside analyses of the physicochemical and hydrographic environment. We analysed the diversity of autotrophs, mixotrophs and heterotrophs, and noted distinct patterns among these guilds across provinces with high and low chlorophyll-a conditions. Eukaryotic autotrophs and prokaryotic heterotrophs showed a shared inter-province diversity pattern, distinct from the diversity pattern shared by mixotrophs, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic heterotrophs. Additionally, we calculated samplewise productivity-specific length scales, the potential horizontal displacement of microbial communities by surface currents to an intrinsic biological rate (here, specific primary productivity). This scale provides key context for our trophically disaggregated diversity analysis that we could relate to underlying oceanographic features. We integrate this element to provide more nuanced insights into the mosaic-like nature of microbial provincialism, linking diversity patterns to oceanographic transport through primary production.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Expedition Programme PS137 (2023)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar- and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Expeditionsprogramm Polarstern, Bremerhaven, Germany, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar- and Marine Research, 45 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Expedition program , notRev
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  • 92
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    Responses of a natural phytoplankton community from the Drake Passage to two predicted climate change scenarios (2022)
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Contrasting models predict two different climate change scenarios for the Southern Ocean (SO), forecasting either less or stronger vertical mixing of the water column. To investigate the responses of SO phytoplankton to these future conditions, we sampled a natural diatom dominated (63%) community from today’s relatively moderately mixed Drake Passage waters with both low availabilities of iron (Fe) and light. The phytoplankton community was then incubated at these ambient open ocean conditions (low Fe and low light, moderate mixing treatment), representing a control treatment. In addition, the phytoplankton was grown under two future mixing scenarios based on current climate model predictions. Mixing was simulated by changes in light and Fe availabilities. The two future scenarios consisted of a low mixing scenario (low Fe and higher light) and a strong mixing scenario (high Fe and low light). In addition, communities of each mixing scenario were exposed to ambient and low pH, the latter simulating ocean acidification (OA). The effects of the scenarios on particulate organic carbon (POC) production, trace metal to carbon ratios, photophysiology and the relative numerical contribution of diatoms and nanoflagellates were assessed. During the first growth phase, at ambient pH both future mixing scenarios promoted the numerical abundance of diatoms (∼75%) relative to nanoflagellates. This positive effect, however, vanished in response to OA in the communities of both future mixing scenarios (∼65%), with different effects for their productivity. At the end of the experiment, diatoms remained numerically the most abundant phytoplankton group across all treatments (∼80%). In addition, POC production was increased in the two future mixing scenarios under OA. Overall, this study suggests a continued numerical dominance of diatoms as well as higher carbon fixation in response to both future mixing scenarios under OA, irrespective of different changes in light and Fe availability.
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    Incorporating mesopelagic fish into the evaluation of conservation areas for marine living resources under climate change scenarios (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Life Science & Technology, Springer Nature, pp. 1-16, ISSN: 2096-6490
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Mesopelagic fish (meso-fish) are central species within the Southern Ocean (SO). However, their ecosystem role and adaptive capacity to climate change are rarely integrated into marine protected area (MPAs) assessments. This is a pity given their importance as crucial prey and predators in food webs, coupled with the impacts of climate change. Here, we estimate the habitat distribution of nine meso-fish using an ensemble model approach (MAXENT, random forest, and boosted regression tree). Four climate model simulations were used to project their distribution under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for short-term (2006–2055) and long-term (2050–2099) periods. In addition, we assess the ecological representativeness of established and proposed MPAs under climate change scenarios using meso-fish as indicator species. Our models show that all species shift poleward in the future. Lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) are predicted to migrate poleward more than other families (Paralepididae, Nototheniidae, Bathylagidae, and Gonostomatidae). In comparison, lanternfishes were projected to increase habitat area in the eastern SO but lose area in the western SO; the opposite was projected for species in other families. Important areas (IAs) of meso-fish are mainly distributed near the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctica. Proposed MPAs cover 23% of IAs at present and 38% of IAs in the future (RCP8.5, long-term future). Many IAs of meso-fish still need to be included in MPA proposals, such as the Prydz Bay and the seas around the Antarctic Peninsula. Our results provide a framework for designing new MPAs incorporating climate change adaptation strategies for MPA management.
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    Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling (2024)
    PeerJ
    In:  EPIC3PeerJ, PeerJ, 12, ISSN: 2167-8359
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Sediment reworking by benthic infauna, namely bioturbation, is of pivotal importance in expansive soft-sediment environments such as the Wadden Sea. Bioturbating fauna facilitate ecosystem functions such as bentho-pelagic coupling and sediment nutrient remineralization capacities. Yet, these benthic fauna are expected to be profoundly affected by current observed rising sea temperatures. In order to predict future changes in ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments like the Wadden Sea, knowledge on the underlying processes such as sediment reworking, is crucial. Here, we tested how temperature affects bioturbation and its associated ecosystem processes, such as benthic nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen consumption, using luminophore tracers and sediment incubation cores. We used a controlled mesocosm experiment set-up with key Wadden Sea benthos species: the burrowing polychaetes Arenicola marina and Hediste diversicolor, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, and the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. The highest bioturbation rates were observed from A. marina, reaching up to 375 cm2yr−1; followed by H. diversicolor, with 124 cm2yr−1 being the peak bioturbation rate for the ragworm. Additionally, the sediment reworking activity of A. marina facilitated nearly double the amount of silicate efflux compared to any other species. Arenicola marina and H. diversicolor accordingly facilitated stronger nutrient effluxes under a warmer temperature than L. conchilega and C. edule. The oxygen uptake of A. marina and H. diversicolor within the sediment incubation cores was correspondingly enhanced with a higher temperature. Thus, increases in sea temperatures may initially be beneficial to ecosystem functioning in the Wadden Sea as faunal bioturbation is definitely expedited, leading to a tighter coupling between the sediment and overlying water column. The enhanced bioturbation activity, oxygen consumption, and facilitated nutrient effluxes from these invertebrates themselves, will aid in the ongoing high levels of primary productivity and organic matter production.
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    Testing the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present‐day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 1466-822X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Aim〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Within the intensively‐studied, well‐documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep‐sea biodiversity of the present‐day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep‐sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? 〈jats:italic〉(〈/jats:italic〉2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Location〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Time period〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Taxa studied〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ostracoda (Crustacea).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Methods〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉We empirically test the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Results〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre‐ and post‐MBE.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Main conclusions〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present‐day‐style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE‐induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post‐MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the MBE has played an important role in the establishment of the modern polar deep‐sea ecosystem and biodiversity in general.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉
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    Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province: The Conjugate William’s Ridge‐Broken Ridge Rifted Margins (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(3), ISSN: 2169-9313
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Extensive investigation of continental rift systems has been fundamental for advancing the understanding of extensional tectonics and modes of formation of new ocean basins. However, current rift classification schemes do not account for conjugate end members formed by Large Igneous Province crust, referring to thick mafic crust, sometimes including continental fragments. Here, we investigate the rifting of William's Ridge (Kerguelen Plateau) and Broken Ridge, components of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province now situated in the Southeast Indian Ocean, and incorporate these end members into the deformation migration concept for rifted margins. We use multichannel seismic reflection profiles and data from scientific drill cores acquired on both conjugate margins to propose, for the first time, a combined tectono‐stratigraphic framework. We interpret seismic patterns, tectonic features, and magnetic anomaly picks to determine an across‐strike structural domain classification. This interpretation considers the rift system overall to be “magma‐poor” despite being located proximal to the Kerguelen plume but suggests that syn‐rift interaction between the Kerguelen mantle plume and the lithospheric structure of William's Ridge and Broken Ridge has controlled the along‐strike segmentation of both conjugates. We integrate seismic reflection and bathymetric data to test the hypothesis of predominantly transform motion, between the Australian and Antarctic plates, in Late Cretaceous and Paleogene time.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 97
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    Dissolved organic matter characterization in soils and streams in a small coastal low-arctic catchment (2022)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 19, pp. 3073-3097, ISSN: 1726-4170
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Ongoing climate warming in the western Canadian Arctic is leading to thawing of permafrost soils and subsequent mobilization of its organic matter pool. Part of this mobilized terrestrial organic matter enters the aquatic system as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and is laterally transported from land to sea. Mobilized organic matter is an important source of nutrients for ecosystems, as it is available for microbial breakdown, and thus a source of greenhouse gases. We are beginning to understand spatial controls on the release of DOM as well as the quantities and fate of this material in large Arctic rivers. Yet, these processes remain systematically understudied in small, high-Arctic watersheds, despite the fact that these watersheds experience the strongest warming rates in comparison. Here, we sampled soil (active layer and permafrost) and water (porewater and stream water) from a small ice wedge polygon (IWP) catchment along the Yukon coast, Canada, during the summer of 2018. We assessed the organic carbon (OC) quantity (using dissolved (DOC) and particulate OC (POC) concentrations and soil OC content), quality (δ13C DOC, optical properties and source apportionment) and bioavailability (incubations; optical indices such as slope ratio, Sr; and humification index, HIX) along with stream water properties (temperature, T; pH; electrical conductivity, EC; and water isotopes). We classify and compare different landscape units and their soil horizons that differ in microtopography and hydrological connectivity, giving rise to differences in drainage capacity. Our results show that porewater DOC concentrations and yield reflect drainage patterns and waterlogged conditions in the watershed. DOC yield (in mg DOC g−1 soil OC) generally increases with depth but shows a large variability near the transition zone (around the permafrost table). Active-layer porewater DOC generally is more labile than permafrost DOC, due to various reasons (heterogeneity, presence of a paleo-active-layer and sampling strategies). Despite these differences, the very long transport times of porewater DOC indicate that substantial processing occurs in soils prior to release into streams. Within the stream, DOC strongly dominates over POC, illustrated by ratios around 50, yet storm events decrease that ratio to around 5. Source apportionment of stream DOC suggests a contribution of around 50 % from permafrost/deep-active-layer OC, which contrasts with patterns observed in large Arctic rivers (12 ± 8 %; Wild et al., 2019). Our 10 d monitoring period demonstrated temporal DOC patterns on multiple scales (i.e., diurnal patterns, storm events and longer-term trends), underlining the need for high-resolution long-term monitoring. First estimates of Black Creek annual DOC (8.2 ± 6.4 t DOC yr−1) and POC (0.21 ± 0.20 t yr−1) export allowed us to make a rough upscaling towards the entire Yukon Coastal Plain (34.51 ± 2.7 kt DOC yr−1 and 8.93 ± 8.5 kt POC yr−1). Rising Arctic temperatures, increases in runoff, soil organic matter (OM) leaching, permafrost thawing and primary production are likely to increase the net lateral OC flux. Consequently, altered lateral fluxes may have strong impacts on Arctic aquatic ecosystems and Arctic carbon cycling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 98
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    Dendroclimatic studies of Larix cajanderi Mayr. in the Omoloy River Basin (2024)
    Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
    In:  EPIC3ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC NATURAL RESOURCES, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 28(4), pp. 584-594, ISSN: 2618-9712
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:p〉This study presents the results of research on the climatic signal of radial growth of Siberian larch (〈jats:italic〉Larix cajanderi Mayr〈/jats:italic〉.) in the Omoloy River Basin, (north-eastYakutia). Tree-ring width chronologies were obtained from three sites  located in the valley complexes of subarctic tundra and forest-tundra ecotone, with chronologies spanning up to 498 years. Comparative analysis of radial growth dynamics and its statistical parameters indicated similar variability patterns within the study region. Dendroclimatic analysis revealed that the primary limiting factor determining the magnitude of radial growth in Siberianlarch is the air temperature during the first half of the growing season. Increasing temperatures have led to an increased role of precipitation and changes in the strength of growth-temperature correlations, especially in northern sites.This study highlights the potential for dendroclimatic and dendroecological researchin northern Yakutia.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 99
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    Expedition Programme PS143/1 (2024)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  EPIC3Expeditionsprogramm Polarstern, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 40 p., pp. 1-40
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Expedition program , notRev
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  • 100
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    Caribbean salinity anomalies contributed to variable North Atlantic circulation and climate during the Common Era (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(44), pp. eadg2639-eadg2639, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Paleoceanographic reconstructions show that the strength of North Atlantic currents decreased during the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the role of ocean circulation in climate regulation during earlier historical epochs of the Common Era (C.E.) remains unclear. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the Caribbean Basin for the past 1700 years using the isotopic and elemental composition of planktic foraminifera tests. Centennial-scale SST and salinity variations in the Caribbean co-occur with (hydro)climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and are linked to a North Atlantic SST forcing. Cold phases around 600, 800, and 1400 to 1600 C.E. are characterized by Caribbean salinification and Gulf of Mexico freshening that implies reductions in the strength of North Atlantic surface circulation. We suggest that the associated changes in the meridional salt advection contributed to the historical climate variability of the C.E.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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