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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A portable system for CO2 gas exchange measurements is described that allows determination of net photosynthesis and transpiration rates as well as leaf conductance of salt marsh vascular plants, and photosynthesis rates of macrophytic algae and epibenthic algae of sediment cores during low tide periods of exposure. Carbon fixation processes of these several different types of organisms can be studied on the same day. Measurements may be carried out at an estuarine field site using controlled conditions of light, temperature, and air CO2 partial pressure. Algal samples are enclosed in the cuvette for only a matter of minutes and do not dry significantly during measurement. The rapidity with which gas exchange rates of samples may be assessed will allow routine processing of many sediment cores. Thus, the distribution of producer populations can be studied with greater resolution than previously possible.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 1296-1300 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Shift operators are obtained for a Dirac oscillator. These operators and other algebraic methods are used to determine energy eigenvalues and eigenkets, expectation values, matrix elements, and coordinate-space wave functions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 1527-1532 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified version of Rüchardt's experiment is used to measure the bulk moduli and relaxation times for damped oscillations in five gases with low γ=Cp/Cv (CHClF2, CHCl2F, C2Cl2F4, C2F6, C4F8). The results support the theoretical prediction that the internal friction is small for gases with γ(approximate)1 (and not too large a thermal diffusivity). Two types of damped oscillation are observed: (i) Initial oscillations which are intermediate between the adiabatic and isothermal extremes. These oscillations occur if the initial amplitude exceeds a threshold value which increases with the volume of gas. (ii) The ensuing oscillations in the tail. For the latter, the measured relaxation times are consistent with isothermal values. However, the bulk moduli are appreciably lower than the corresponding isothermal values, and the disparity increases as the atomicity of the gas increases. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 28 (1987), S. 2650-2654 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The factorization of four vector operators, D±(ω) and D±(−ω), which occur in a representation-independent, spectrum-generating algebra for the three-dimensional, isotropic harmonic oscillator in an angular momentum basis, is considered (ω is the angular frequency of the oscillator). The D±(ω) are quantum-mechanical analogs of the classical vectors (1(minus-plus)iLˆ×)Fc (ω), where Fc(ω)=−Mωr×L+pL is constant in a frame rotating with angular velocity ωLˆ. It is shown that these four vector operators can be factorized in two different ways to yield operators that, apart from their dependence on a constant of the motion (L2), are linear in either p or r. In this way 20 abstract operators are obtained. The properties of these operators are discussed: (i) Twelve are ladder operators for the quantum numbers l, and l and m, in the eigenkets ||lm〉 of L2 and Lz. In linearized, differential form six of these operators are ladder operators for the spherical harmonics in the coordinate representation, while the other six are the corresponding operators in the momentum representation. (ii) The remaining eight operators factorize linear combinations of the Hamiltonian and the dimension operator. In linearized, differential form four of these operators are ladder operators for energy and angular momentum in the radial part of the coordinate-space wave functions, while the other four are the corresponding operators in the momentum representation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 30 (1989), S. 858-866 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: An operator analysis is presented that provides a unified treatment of the Schrödinger (S), Klein–Gordon (KG), and Dirac (D) equations with a Coulomb potential. The analysis uses energy shift operators that factorize an appropriate radial equation. This radial equation is based on standard results and a recent formulation of the Dirac–Coulomb problem [J. Y. Su, Phys. Rev. A 32, 3251 (1985)]. The shift operators yield energy eigenvalues and a formula that contains normalized, radial coordinate-space wave functions for the S, KG, and D equations. Formulas that contain expectation values for the S, KG, and D equations are obtained by applying the hypervirial theorem and the Hellmann–Feynman theorem to the radial equation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1763-1765 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed systematic studies of the optical gain and its saturation in (In, Ga)N/GaN/(Al, Ga)N laser structures that depend on the excitation density and number of quantum wells. The unsaturated gain factor which was obtained by the variable stripe-length method increases with excitation power, i.e., increasing modal gain. The gain factor also increases with a decreasing number of quantum wells, as is shown by the investigation of a series of laser structures with 3, 4, 5, and 10 quantum wells for fixed modal gain. Values up to 40 dB at 300 K were measured. Thermal activation energies obtained by temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements yield information on the influence of nonradiative recombination processes on optical gain saturation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Investigations inCommelina africana were aimed at checking observations, hitherto equivocal, on the ability of mesophytic higher plants to increase heat hardiness of their leaves after moderate drying. We compared the methods for the determination of viability after heat treatment which had led to ambiguous results. With determinations of the lapse of protoplasmic streaming immediately after heat treatment (Alexandrov and co-workers) it was not possible to detect an increase in heat hardiness after moderate drying. When, however, cells of leaves heated for half an hour were observed over a longer period, a faster recovery of protoplasmic streaming could be detected in dried leaves than in those heated in the saturated state. This observation is congruent with results from the estimation of macroscopic injuries during after-cultivation of leaves for a fortnight (comp.Lange and coworkers). Thus, from the ecological point of view (survival under extreme conditions) it could be explained, that not only lower plants and “xerophytic” higher plants, but also mesophytic higher plants are able to increase hardiness after loss of water. — In regard to these results some further informations on temperature hardiness behavior obtained by different methods were discussed: possibilities of adaptation to heat, changes in heat hardiness due to age and development, and also varying results on seasonal changes in frost hardiness ofHepatica nobilis (Till, Alexandrov).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung der bisher unterschiedlichen Befunde über die Fähigkeit mesophytischer höherer Pflanzen, die Hitzeresistenz ihrer Blätter nach leichter Antrocknung zu erhöhen, wurden Untersuchungen anCommelina africana angestellt. Hierbei verglichen wir die Methoden zur Bestimmung der Vitalität nach der Hitzebehandlung, die zu den widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen geführt hatten. Bei der Bestimmung des Erlöschens der Plasmaströmung unmittelbar im Anschluß an die Hitzebehandlung (Alexandrov u. Mitarb.) war es nicht möglich, eine Erhöhung der Hitzeresistenz durch leichtes Antrocknen festzustellen. Beobachtete man aber die Zellen halbstündig erhitzter Blätter über einen längeren Zeitraum, so konnte man deutlich bei den angetrockneten Blättern eine schnellere Erholung der Plasmaströmung erkennen als bei den gesättigt erhitzten. Dieser Befund deckte sich mit den Ergebnissen, die aus der Beurteilung von makroskopisch erkennbaren Schädigungen an den Blättern während einer vierzehntägigen Nachkultur resultierten (vgl.Lange u. Mitarb.). So konnte unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten (überleben unter extremen Bedingungen) erklärlich gemacht werden, daß nicht nur niedere Pflanzen und „xerophytische“ höhere Pflanzen, sondern auch mesophytische höhere Pflanzen zu Resistenzerhöhungen nach Wasserverlust befähigt sind. — Im Hinblick auf diese Ergebnisse wurden weitere Angaben über das Temperatur-Resistenz-verhalten bei höheren Pflanzen diskutiert, die unter Anwendung von verschiedenen Methoden gewonnen worden waren: Möglichkeiten der Hitzeresistenz-Adaptation, alters- und entwicklungsbedingte Hitzeresistenz-änderungen und auch die verschiedenen Resultate über den Jahresgang der Frostresistenz vonHepatica nobilis (Till, Alexandrov).
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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