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  • Chemistry
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  • Health
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (381)
  • Fisheries Society of Nigeria  (31)
  • 1
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22997 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 09:06:04 | 22997 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Studies on the effects of crude oil and its fractions on the blood haemoglobin (HB) neutrophil (NP) concentration in the blood of Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles were carried out. Two study periods (toxicity and recovery) and four oil types (Bonny-light crude oil (BLCO), premium motor spirit (PMS), kerosene (DPK) and lubricating engine oil (lBO) at 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00ml were used. There were significant differences (P〈0.05, p〈 0.01) on the HB and NP values in blood of fish samples. The elevated values of HB levels in fish exposed to 2.00,4.00 and 8.00m1 L-1 BLCC, 2.00ml L-1 PMS and DPK; and 4.00ml L -1 LBO over the levels in the control fish were in consonance with the results of other workers. Increases in NP values in fish exposed to the four oil types (BLCO, PMS, DKP and LBO) relative to the control could be part of the immunological attempts by the fish to mobilize the body's defence mechanisms. The relatively high percent mortality and low survival of H. bidorsalis juveniles exposed to 4.00 and 8.00mlL-1 concentration of the four oil types over the other concentration implied that these concentrations were probably lethal to fish existence.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;23 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Pollution ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Delta State ; freshwater environment ; Crude oil ; Fish ; Toxicity ; Haemoglobins ; Lethal effects
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  • 2
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23040 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:36:36 | 23040 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The growth performance and nutrient utilization in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed cooked breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) seed meal based diet as a replacement for maize, investigated for 8 weeks. Five (5) diets of breadfruit seed meal substituted for maize at different levels of inclusion (0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and 100%) were fed to the fingerlings at 5% body weight twice daily in hapa of 1m x 1m x 1m. The hapas wee submerged in a pond and each hapa stocked with 20 fingerlings of mean weight of 5.8~c0.00g. Evaluation of growth parameters nutrient utilization of the experimental diets showed that there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in mean final weight (MFW); specific growth rate (SGR); feed conversion rate (FCR) protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among the treatments. The results suggested a net advantage of replacing dietary maize with cooked breadfruit seed meal for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings at 50% and above levels of inclusion under the condition of the experiment.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;10 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Makurdi ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Feeding experiments ; Growth rate ; Diets
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  • 3
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23044 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:45:24 | 23044 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The physical and chemical characteristics of freshwater bodies Ikot Ebak and Abeneyentem streams in Essien Udim Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were studied from (July December 1996). The mean values obtained in the two water bodies were pH (6.8~c0.12, 6.8~c0.09, respectively). Conductivity (4.9~c2.26, 5.0~c2.09 iScm-1), total dissolved solid (16~c7.58, 37~c26.9 mg/l), TSS (46~c26.0, 53~c53.1)g/l), alkalinity (17.5~c7.27, 10.7~c8S MgCaCo3/1), DO (6.98~C1.46, 8.3~C29.0mg/1), BOD (2.65~c2.44, 3.15~c2.79mg/1), Salinity (0.41~c0.12, 0.31~c0.04%o') total hardness (0.64~c0.21, 0.84~c0.42mg/l, N03-N (0.31~cO.26, 0.35~c0.29mg/l), and PD4-P (0.022~c0.0199 0.023~c.022mg/1), respectively. There were significant difference in the means of the parameters in the two water bodies except TDS, Alkalinity and Hardness. The water bodies were found to be slightly acidic with low conductivity. The properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards for both drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Ikot Ebak ; Nigeria ; Abeneyentem ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen
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  • 4
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23037 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 09:18:00 | 23037 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: An experimental growth trial in floating net-hapas at three stocking densities in concrete pond was carried out. 4.68 5.25g mean individual weight fish were stocked at 25, 50 and 100 per m3. A 40% protein balanced diet was used as feed. The results of the study showed no statistical significant difference in growth among the three treatments. Food conversion ratios ranged in 1.60 to 1.82, and specific growth rates were between 3.80 and 4.16%/day. The result suggests that culture of C. gariepinus at a density of 50/m3 and production of 4.15kg/m3 in 84 days with production of 8.30kg/m3 in a growing season of 180 days is possible using the net-hapa systems enclosed in a concrete pond.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;8 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Alau L. ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Stocking density ; Growth rate ; Floating cages
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  • 5
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23039 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:35:11 | 23039 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: A feeding experiment was conducted to quantify the minimum dietary vitamin C requirement of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings and the minimal dietary inclusion levels that will meet these requirements after degradation from feed processing and storage. Fish were fed a basal diet with 42.5% crude protein for a conditioning period of 2 weeks. Following conditioning, fingerlings with initial mean weight, 2.3~c0.3 g were stocked as groups of 20 fingerlings into 30 litre tanks in a mini flowthrough experimental system and fed the basal diet and experimental diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid kg-1 diet obtained from TUYIL PHARM. INDUSTRIES, lIorin, included into the basal diet by replacing part of the silica component and fed to triplicate groups for 20 weeks. Fish fed the control (0 mg vitamin C kg-1) diet exhibited deficiency signs including lordosis, caudal fin deformity, skin erosion and significantly suppressed weight gain and higher condition factor. Protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate were significantly improved with increasing levels of vitamin C up to 200mg kg-1 diet. Tissue (liver, kidney, gills and muscle) ascorbate concentration generally reflected dietary inclusion levels with the signiticant lowest level occurring in the control groups. Vitamin C analysis after feed processing revealed 18 - 21% loss. The least mean squares error regression analysis of weight gain data on inclusion level of vitamin C revealed that the minimum dietary requirement of H. longifilis is 82.2~c0.2 mg vitamin C kg-1 diet which corresponds to 100 mg of vitamin C kg-1 diet based on data from this study.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;1 fig.;6 plates.;32 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Nigeria ; New Bussa ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Feeding experiments ; Vitamin C ; Growth rate
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  • 6
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23289 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 14:45:43 | 23289 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The growth, mortality and recruitment pattern of Tympanotonus fuscatus var fuscatus were investigated using shell length (SL) - frequency data obtained from the mangrove swamps of the Bonny River, population. Computer based software package FiSAT (FAO - ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment tool) were used for the analysis. Sampling was done between January to December, 2004. Results obtained showed relatively high growth, low mortality and recruitment pattern with two peaks annually.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Tympanotonus fuscatus var fuscatus ; Nigeria ; Bonny Estuary ; freshwater environment ; Population dynamics ; Growth rate ; Mortality ; Recruitment
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  • 7
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23440 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:25:12 | 23440 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physical and chemical parameters of ABU Dam and Zaria Dam were carried out between September and October 2009. The results obtained in the two water bodies were temperature 27.7 0C, pH (7.5 and 7.3), dissolved oxygen (5.8 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (1.74 mg/l and 2. 16 mg/l), alkalinity (58 mg CaC03/l and 49 mgCaCO3/l) P04-P (2.47 mg/l and 1.59 mg/l) NO3-N (3.67 mg/l and 3.47 mg/l), conductivity (54.70 ~ks-1 and 42.48 ~ks-1), total hydrocarbon (TH) (47.66 mg/l) and 48.00 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (32.68 mg/l and 25.35 mg/l) respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the parameters (P〉0.05) except conductivity and total dissolved solids. The water bodies were found to be neutral with high conductivity. All the properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards both for drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Zaria Dam ; Nigeria ; ABU Dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution
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  • 8
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23442 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:28:15 | 23442 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: In recent times there has been an upsurge in the culture of Tilapia in Nigeria resulting in increased demand for the fingerlings which is hardly satisfied. This is due to increasing demand for table size tilapia as food fish and under-sized tilapia in the fish meal and fish canning industries in Nigeria. Collection of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings from the wild, to augment hatchery production, has been the practice and this is subject to environmental fluctuations. Multivariate regression and correlation analyses of accumulated data were used to investigate the effects of changes in water quality parameters on abundance of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis in a brackishwater habitat in Lagos. Dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and secchi transparency were found to be the most dominant factors affecting the abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagos lagoon. Peak period of abundance was closely associated with period of low salinity (0.50%o to 5.60%o), which coincided with the period of low transparency and low DO in the rainy season. The correlation analyses of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings with the water quality parameters yielded the following correlation coefficients (r)- 0.598; (salinity); -0.644 (transparency); -0.710 (DO); -0.566; (temperature) and 0.129 (pH). The abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagoon was ultimately defined by a suitable regression equation. This result is expected to optimize the collection of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis from the wild and boost food fish security in Nigeria and elsewhere.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;1 fig.;( refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; brackishwater environment ; Water quality ; Fingerlings ; Chemical properties ; Physicochemical properties
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  • 9
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23445 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:32:33 | 23445 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical variables of Onu-Iyi ?Ukwu stream were studied for 12 months from March 2005 to February 2006. Three sampling stations were established along the main stream channel from source to mouth. Spatial variation in physico-chemical parameters indicated that total alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity, and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3) recorded their highest values at the upper reaches (with values 14.0mg/l, 88.09mg/l, 17.00~kscmiscm, and 0.60mg/l respectively). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH had their maximum values of 8.20mg/l and 6.94 at the middle reaches. Turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), temperature and phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) increased steadily from source to mouth. The observed seasonal variation indicated that wet season values were higher for all the parameters except temperature, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) and total alkalinity although the values were not statistically significant at p〉0.05. The correlation coefficient (r) showed no significant relationships p〈0.05 between physico-chemical parameters except DO and BOD with correlation values of (0.75 and -0.54) respectively.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;17 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Onu-Iyi-Uku Stream ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus ; Turbidity
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  • 10
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23449 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:39:20 | 23449 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physico-chemical parameters of Bosso Dam were analyzed weekly for a period of six (6) weeks from 29th October, 2009. In all, six (6) stations were identified within the dam. The physico-chemical parameters assessed were: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, conductivity and transparency. The results obtained from the analysis revealed slight variations in most parameters. There was no significant difference p〉0.05 in pH regardless of stations and weeks. But significant difference p〉0.05 were observed in dissolved oxygen, nitrate, temperature, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, transparency, in respect regard to stations. These variations could be due to influx of organic waste from surface run offs and inorganic waste deposited by man. The physico-chemical parameters observed, indicated that most of them fall with the recommended range or standard by the Federal Ministry of Environment
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;10 figs.;18 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Bosso dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Chemical properties ; Physical properties ; Water properties
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: An experiment was carried out to find out the comparative effect of imported fish meal, blood meal and local fish waste based diets on the growth and survival of juvenile tilapia. (O. niloticus) in concrete tank. Four diets consisting of N.I.O.M.R. pelleted feed containing 40% CP, with imported fish meal, as the control and three others formulated with fresh, boiled cattle blood and local fish waste meal at 30% CP, were fed to juvenile tilapia with average initial weight of 55.24g in four treatments and four replicates in a completely randomized design. Result indicated final body weights of 100.83, 96.54, 98.4 and 86.82g and average body length of 18.47, 18.16, 18.4 and 18.14cm, for treatments 1 (control), 2 (fresh blood based diet), 3 (boiled blood based diet) and 4 (local fish waste meal based diet) respectively, with no significant difference between the treatments (P〉0.05). The same was also true for average daily weight gain of 0.41, 0.36, 0.31 and 0.28g. However, treatment 1 and 2 had better relative weight gain 93.69 and 80.21%, than 3 and 4 at 62.37 and 64.85% respectively, (P〈0.05). The survival was 100% in all treatments. Treatment 2 was more cost effective at N539.06/Kg fish, followed by 1 with N667.52. Treatments 3 and 4 had the highest at N698.20 and N718.60 per kg fish. The trial showed that tilapia feed processed with fresh cattle blood performed as well as imported fish meal, boiled blood and local fish waste and in addition was more cost effective.
    Description: Includes:- 6 tables.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; Feed evaluation ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Diets ; Nutritional requirements ; Survival ; Growth rate
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  • 12
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23503 | 19325 | 2018-05-07 12:27:24 | 23503 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Growth (Percentage weight gain, Specific growth rate , total body length), survival rate and condition factor of Heteroclarias fry fed shell free Artemia, cultured Moina micrura and mixture of both as starter feed were investigated. 30 individual fry were placed in a 4-litre plastic bowl in three treatments of 3 replicates for 25 days in Fish Hatchery. Individual water quality parameters (water pH, temperature, Dissolved oxygen, total Alkalinity and carbon dioxide) monitored for each treatment were not significantly different (p〉0.05) from each Heteroclarias fry fed live M. micrura had the highest percentage weight gain (496.03%), Specific growth rate (3.09), percentage survival rate (88.83%) and condition factor (39.75) but these results were not significant different (P〉0.05) from those of shell free Artemia except those of condition factor. Shell free Artemia and Live M. micrura combination was observed to have the lowest fry Percentage weight gain (428.30%),. specific growth rate(2.54), % survival rate (85.50), condition factor(24.39) and total body length(1.52cm). The highest total body length was observed in shell free Artemia although not significantly different (p〉0.05) from others. The implication of using cultured live M. micrura instead of shell free Artemia as starter diet for Heteroclarias hatchlings at the critical stage of development are discussed
    Description: Includes:- 6 figs.;16 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Heteroclarias ; Moina micrura ; Nigeria ; Keffi ; freshwater environment ; Growth rate ; Survival ; Condition factor ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture
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    Format: 519-525
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  • 13
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23505 | 19325 | 2018-05-07 12:31:00 | 23505 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Feeding trial was conducted in static water to assess the growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed different inclusion levels of Mucuna seed meal (MSM). Raw MSM was used at 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels and the performance of fish fed these diets was compared with the fish fed soybean-based diet which contained 40%protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. A four by six factorial experiment with three replicates using ten fish each of average initial weight of 6.6g was carried out. Daily fish ration of five percent body weight was administered two times for twelve weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) in diet 1 (control) was significantly (p〈0.05) higher than the other dietary groups and worsens as inclusion level increased similar trend was also observed in the food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). The significantly lower growth performance of fish fed diets containing raw MSM might be due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors present raw MSM. The possibility of improving this trend through processing should be investigated.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;14 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Osogbo ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture ; Diets ; Growth rate
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  • 14
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23510 | 19325 | 2018-05-05 13:09:20 | 23510 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Clarias gariepinus (0.73 ~c 0.01g) and Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings (0.67 ~c 0.01g) were fed five isonitrogenous diets of about 40% crude protein, with varying levels (0-100%) of palm grub meal for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, C. gariepinus and H. longifilis fingerlings fed 25% palm grub inclusion diet had the highest weight gain (5.30g and 4.05g respectively), relative (726.0% and 595.6%) and specific (1.09% and 1.00%) growth rates while those fed 100% palm grub inclusion diet showed least growth; weight gain (2.68g and 2.15g), relative (367.1% and 316.2%) and specific (0.80% and 0.45%) growth rates respectively. Food conversion and protein efficiency were also best in fingerlings fed 25% palm grub meal diet (0.70 and 1.35 for C. gariepinus; 0.75 and 1.35 for H. longifilis respectively) with decreasing efficiency as palm grub inclusion level increased in the diets. The differences in the growth and nutrient utilization of the fingerlings on the various diets were generally insignificant (p〉0.05) above 25% inclusion level of palm grub. The study showed that palm grub can be used to completely replace fish meal in mudcatfish diets. However, for optimal growth and nutrient utilization, 25% level of replacement of fish meal with palm grub meal is most adequate in C. gariepinus and H. longifilis fingerlings diets.
    Description: Includes:- 7 tables.;2 figs.;12 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Oryctes rhinoceros ; Nigeria ; Ibadan ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Growth rate ; Fish culture ; Diets
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  • 15
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23536 | 19325 | 2018-05-10 10:07:34 | 23536 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The paper defined quarantine as the totality of measures taken by every country to prevent the entry of foreign exotic pest, pathogens and diseases of plant, animals and aquatic resources through international boundries. Also discussed is the international regulatory framework on quality control and quarantine of agricultural products. The advantages and socioeconomics impact of quarantine are discussed. The paper further examined the best practice procedure in quarantine service delivery in the aquatic resources and products right from production, processing, marketing and condition for exporting of aquatic (Live fish) from Nigeria, In conclusion the paper enumerated the challenges in meeting best practice procedures in quarantine service delivery
    Description: Paper delivered at the Agricultural Quarantine Services (NAQS) Paramilitary Training for Officers and Men, Jaji, Kaduna, 15-29 ?, 2009 Presented at FISON EKO 2010: Other materials. Pagination on document pp. 1-18
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Nigeria ; Quarantine ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Quarantine regulations ; Legislation ; Safety regulations
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  • 16
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22999 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 09:30:30 | 22999 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Water samples were collected from River Gurara around the Gurara Falls and Izom settlement once every month for a period of twelve (12) months (June 2004 May 2005). Microbial studies were carried out on the water samples collected. There were marked variations between different samples, stations and seasons. The microbial studies showed the presence of enteric gram negative, gram positive and pyogeric groups of bacteria. Some species of indicator organisms were recorded. The results obtained showed that the activities of Izom populace has some impact on the water quality and public health status of River Gurara
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;12 refs.
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Health ; Nigeria ; Gurara R. ; freshwater environment ; Public health ; Microbiological analysis ; Bacteria ; Fungi
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  • 17
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22998 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:41:44 | 22998 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The effect of exposing juveniles of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 809) (mean weight: 15.02~c:0.14g) to different concentrations of Bonny-light crude oil (BLCO) on alanine kinase and alanine transaminase activities were studied. The exposure of the fish to 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 8.001L-1 BLCO and a control (0.00m1 L-1) within 4 days toxicity and 42 days recovery periods indicated that the significant increases (P〈0.05; P〈0.01) in the serum alanine transaminase (HCAT) activities were dependent on the BLCO concentrations. The reduced SAK and (HCAK) activities noticed within the first 14 days recovery period implied that the removal of the oil pollutant probably lowered the pressure on the SAK and HCAK to participate in the metabolism of ingested carbohydrate. The significant increases in the serum alanine transminase (SAT) and the hepatic cytosolic alanine transminase (HCAT) activities in the fish corresponded with the trend shown by the SAK and HCAK activities. Generally, the increased activities of SAK, HCAK, SAT and HCAT in H. bodorsalis juveniles in this study might be due to a shift in the carbohydrate metabolism of the fish caused probably by the crude oil exposure.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;31 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Pollution ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Crude oil ; Toxicity ; Fish ; Serum ; Serological studies ; Alanine ; Cytotoxicity
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23017 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 09:26:57 | 23017 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The physico-chemical and biological characteristics and nutrient concentration of Kigera Fish Farm ponds were monitored for two months to assess the water quality. The parameters measured were dissolved oxygen, temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, Secchi-disc transparency and zooplankton composition. Some fish species were identified in the course of study. Temperature ranged from 26 -30degreesC; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3mg/l-6.6mg/l, pH ranged 7.0 -7.2; while Secchi-disc transparency ranged from 0.19 - 0.25m. The three ponds were quite similar in these parameters. All the parameters that were investigated in this study are within the tolerable level for warm water fishes. Five different zooplankton species were identified at the Kigera Fish Farm, and were grouped according to their major categories namely: Copepods, Cyclopoids and Copepodite), Cladoceran (〈i〉Moina〈/i〉), and Rotifera (〈i〉Asplanchina〈/i〉). 〈i〉Branchionus〈/i〉 species in the Rotifers group dominated the zooplankton species in all the three ponds.
    Description: includes:- 5 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Kigaria Dam ; freshwater environment ; Water quality ; Physicochemical properties ; Zooplankton
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  • 19
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23058 | 19325 | 2018-03-06 15:37:11 | 23058 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the concentrations of nine heavy Metals (Cadmium, lead.Copper, Chromium, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, Nickel and Aluminum) in gills, muscles and skin of Clarias gariepinus within three different locations (Kuatansule, Wadata and UAM fish) with the use of standard flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Techniques. Iron was found in high concentration in all the sites with the gills having the highest concentration while lead. Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel and Aluminum were not detectable. Significant differences in metal concentrations were observed between locations with UAM fish farm having the highest metal concentration. It is concluded that concentration, of heavy metals found in selected organs of Clarias gariepinus were within tolerable limits as recommended by FAO.
    Description: Includes:- 1 fig.;13 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Makurdi ; freshwater environment ; Metals ; Heavy metals ; Fish ; Toxicity ; Health and safety
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23290 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 14:47:44 | 23290 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The knowledge of sources and routes of fish contamination is a very important aspect in maintaining the quality of safety of fish. This is paramount because the sources constitute the acess through which most unwanted microorganisms may be transmitted onto fish and fishery products. Unwanted microorganisms may be found in the final product through raw material, personal handling or mobile equipment such as forklifts, through leakage and openings in building, or through pests. Some pathogens may even become established in the processing equipment and rough contact surfaces such as fish retail tables and from niches where they can survive for long periods of time. Many of these microorganisms occur naturally in aquatic and general environments, and may be transmitted onto fish before capture, during and after processing. Also, contamination via air can occur through dust particles or via aerosols. Water is also a vehicle for transmission of many agents of diseases. Thus, the quality of the raw material, personnel hygiene, equipment used for processing, the quality of the water used and pests are key issues in this context. As for quality assurance, methods such as the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), Good Hygiene Practice (GHP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) are recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for use by any food processing establishment to ensure safe, wholesome and nutritious food for human consumption
    Description: 27 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Health and safety ; Safety regulations ; Sample contamination ; Microorganisms ; Hygiene ; Fishery products
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Zaria (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23305 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:13:13 | 23305 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Factors which threaten sustainable commercial fisheries are considered in this paper. Oil and grease, suspended solids, overfishing impact on fishes and fisheries. Whereas overfishing declines adult fish values; the duo of oil and suspended solids clog and disable gills of affected fishes and deplete insolation. And barnacles foul boats.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;13 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; ASE ; Nigeria Coast ; freshwater environment ; Pollution ; Pollution effects ; Oil pollution
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Zaria (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23301 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:07:39 | 23301 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Screened retail table was designed to improve the hygiene of fish sold in our local markets. Investigation was carried out on the microbiological population on Tilapia fish. Overall value obtained from plate counts show that fish were more infested outside the table. The sensory values are 4, 13, and 6 for on-sport open table and screened respectively, also microbial load range between 7x10-5 to 88 x 10-5 cfu/g for open table where 3x 10-10 - 33 x 10-10 for screened table. This shows that fresh fish on open retail table in our markets were prone to deterioration.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;1 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Nigeria ; Fresh fish marketing ; freshwater environment ; Deterioration ; Fish spoilage ; Quality control ; Processing fishery products ; Marketing ; Hygiene
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23319 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:34:16 | 23319 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters were studied from January, 2007 to December 2007, in Kontagora Reservoir, Niger State, Nigeria. The physico- chemical parameters were determined bi-monthly , using the following methods , temperature using mercury thermometer in degree centigrade, transparency using Secchi-disc , Pye Unicam model 292 meter used for pH and electrical conductivity. Dissolved oxygen by modified Winklerazide method, water hardness and Phosphate- phosphorus by method of Lind (1979), total alkalinity by standard method described by Boyd(l979) , Nitrate- Nitrogen by Phenoldisulphonic acid method. The rainy season mean values for water temperature, depth, pH, Nitrate-Nitrogen, were significantly (P〈0.05) higher than those for the dry season. However, for transparency, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, phosphate-phosphorus and total dissolved solid, the dry season mean values were higher than the rainy season mean value. As in most other Africa inland water bodies, there was seasonality in the physicochemical parameters variables. The torrential rains of the dam environment, the characteristics trade winds of the dry season, effect of deforestation, fertilizer application, herbicides, insecticide and other chemical factors might have contributed to the fluctuations of some of the physicochemical parameters detennined in the Reservoir.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;39 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Kontagora L. ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Seasonal variations
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23309 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:18:56 | 23309 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Selective breeding studies were carried out in four genetic mating combinations of Clarias gariepinus with the aim of improving its growth performance. F2 intraspecific and backcross were produced using the best male and female of the best genetic mating combination in the F generation in crosses of three wild strains of Clara gariepinus. The highest percentage hatchability (75%) was recorded in female Kainji parental and male Kainji F1. and the least (53.67%) in female and Male Kainji Fl. The cross involving female Kainji F1. and Male Kainji Parental had the best survival (49%) indoor and also best (38.67%) outdoor, while the least (37.67%) was recorded in female Kainji parental and Male Kainji F1 and also gave the least (32.67%) outdoor. The female Kainji F1, and male Kainji parental gave the best growth performance (1.61 g) at 19 days indoor rearing, while female and male Kainji parental gave the least (1.50g). At the end of seven months rearing outdoor, the female Kainji parental and male Kainji F1. gave the best growth performance of(222.49g) and the least (180.66) was recorded in female Kainji F1 and male Kainji parental.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;2 figs.;14 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Fish genetics ; fish breeding ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Breeding ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Hybrid culture ; Hybrids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23316 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:28:47 | 23316 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The initial mean wet weight of the test fish were 7.64:~c 1.3 for the control and 6.33~c 0.9, 6.88~c 0.9 and 6.2~c 0.7 for the fish exposed to 1.02, 1.40 and 2.0mg/l of paraquat in water respectively. Growth was estimated from the sum of the individual wet weights of the fish at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of exposure to the toxicant and expressed as percent Cumulative wet weight gain. The results showed that the cumulative percent wet weight gain in the control group increased from 10.34% at 1 week to 36.13% at 8 weeks. The growth of fish that were exposed to 1.02, 1.04 and 2.00mg/l increased from 3%, 0.44% and 1.55% at 1 week to 30.81 %, 9.59% and 19.81 % at week 8 respectively. A statistically significant difference in growth rate of the treated and control was observed (p〈0.05).
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;5 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Paraquat ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Growth ; Sublethal effects ; Toxicity
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23496 | 19325 | 2018-05-07 12:15:56 | 23496 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The study accessed the quality changes of Alestes nurse displayed at 31-33oC average daily temperature on different platforms, the traditional retail table used by fish processors and the NIFFR improved retail table. The fishes were displayed on the tables for 9 hours and quality attributes were monitored hourly by trained panelists. For A. nurse, the gills and intestine recorded faster deterioration starting from the fourth and fifth hours for samples in the traditional table while those in improved table were prolonged by one hour. Scores for skin brightness and texture did not indicate quality deterioration throughout the display period. However, at the end of the storage time, samples in screened table recorded 1.5 x 104 cfu/g while samples in unscreened table recorded 3.7 x 107 cfu/g. The study shows the effectiveness of the improved table over the traditional table in enhancing the keeping quality, minimizing fish contamination and improving the general hygiene of fresh fish.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;2 figs.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Alestes nurse ; Nigeria ; New Bussa ; freshwater environment ; Fish handling ; Hygiene ; Public health
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23460 | 19325 | 2018-05-05 12:31:34 | 23460 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The morphometric characters of Cynothrissa mento from three major Lagoons (Ologe, Badagry and Epe) in Lagos, Nigeria were compared to assess the possibility of this fish species from the three Lagoons belonging to the same sub-population. The length-weight relationships (LWR), and condition factors (CF) of the fish were also described as well as the physico-chemical parameters of the three water bodies. The study was conducted between May, 2009 and April, 2010 and monthly sampling of fish and water was done in each sampling site. Seven7 physico-chemical parameters were assessed and these are; temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and total hardness. A total of 294 specimens (Ologe 60, Badagry 174 and Epe 60) of C. mento were collected from the landings of the local fisher folks from the sampling sites. Seven morphometric characters; total length (TL), standard length (SL), body depth (BD), head length (HL), head depth (HD), eye diameter (ED) and interorbital width (IW) were measured. There was no significant difference (p 〉 0.05) in all the physico-chemical parameters measured among the sampling sites except pH. Coefficient of difference revealed that the C. mento from the three lagoons are uniform in all the morphometric parameters examined, which means that the specimens from the three sampling sites do not belong to different sub-populations. The growth coefficient/slope (b) values obtained for the fish species from the sampling sites ranged from 2.27 - 2.53, and differed significantly (p 〈 0.05) from 3, which indicates that most of the fish species have negative algometric growth.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;1 fig.;24 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Cynothrissa mento ; Nigeria ; Ologe Lagoon ; Nigeria ; Badagry Lagoon ; Nigeria Epe Lagoon ; marine environment ; Population dynamics ; Morphometry ; Check lists ; Length-weight relationships ; Condition factor ; Physicochemical properties
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23466 | 19325 | 2018-05-05 12:42:05 | 23466 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: An experiment was conducted to determine the survival rate, fertilization rate, growth performance and feed utilization of the reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Two genetic crosses were made: C. gariepinus (male) x H. bidorsalis (female)(Clariabranchus) and H. bidorsalis male x C. gariepinusmale (Heteroclarias. The experiment was divided into two phases; artificial propagation of the fish species using synthetic hormone and rearing the fry for 14 days; and rearing the 14 days old fry for 35 days. In the first phase of the experiment, survival of frys were estimated in each experimental unit (genetic cross) while in the second phase, growth and nutrient utilization were investigated. The result revealed that the highest %fertilization, hatching rate and %survival occurred in H. bidorsalisfemale x C. gariepinus male (Heteroclarias) and the differences were significant (p 〈 0.05). Percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher in Clariabranchus than Heteroclarias. Based on the result of this study, reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus, bidorsalis is recommended for commercial aquacultural practices.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;13 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Heteroclarias ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; freshwater environment ; Survival ; Growth rate ; Feed efficiency ; Genetics ; Fish culture
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23497 | 19325 | 2018-05-07 12:17:33 | 23497 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The changes that occur on proximate composition of some common fish processing methods used in Nigeria were studied in order to determine the nutritional content of the processed products. Traditional (smoke drying and sun drying) and modern (electrical oven drying) methods of processing were used to process Pseudotholithus elongatus and the results were compared with the fresh sample to determine the changes that occur during processing. The results for the fresh sample of P. elongatus were 79.50%, 1.50%, 0.8% and 18.2% for moisture, ash, lipid and protein. For the processed products, the moisture content for smoke-dried, sun-dried, salt sun-dried and oven-dried fish were 27.00%, 21.83%, 19.50% and 20.17% . Oven dried had the highest protein content (69.87%) while salt sun-dried had the lowest (54.90%). Lipid content was highest in sun-dried (6.6%) and lowest in smoke-dried (4.6%). Correlation between smoke-dried and sun-dried were r2 = 0.99, smoke-dried and oven-dried were r2= 0.98 and smoke-dried and salt sun-dried were r2= 0.98. There was no correlation between the fresh and the processed P.elongatus. The present findings revealed that processing affect the nutritional composition of fish.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;22 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Pseudotolithus elongatus ; Nigeria Lagos ; Proximate composition ; freshwater environment ; Processing fishery products ; Moisture ; Proteins ; Chemical analysis ; Lipids
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23020 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:30:27 | 23020 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The growth response, nutrient utilization, cost benefits and haematological responses of two hundred and fifty (250) Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings fed maggot meal based diets were evaluated for 70 days in mini flow through system. Twenty fingerlings were stocked in triplicate in fifteen mini flow through system of plastic tanks of fifty (50) litres capacity and coded MM1 - MM5 in relation to their diet name. Five isonitrogenous (40.0%) and caloric content (2017.S 2092.3kJ/100g) maggot meal based diets namely MM1 O%maggot meal, MM2 25% maggot meal, MM3 -50% maggot meal, MM4- 75% maggot meal and MM5- 100% maggot meal were used for the experiment. The higher the proportion of maggot in the meal, the higher the ether extract and crude fibre. No significant difference (p〉0.05) existed between ash content of the experimental diets. Diet MM2 had the best growth performance and highest MGR with a significant difference (p〈0.05) with other diets fed fish. No significant differences (p〉0.05) existed between the growth parameters for diets MM1 MM3 and MM4 A positive correlation (r = 1.0) existed (p〈0.05, 0.25) between the growth parameters for the different experimental diets. Highest correlation (r =0.9981) existed p〈0.05 between MGR within the treatments. Highest Haematocrit (23%) Haemoglobin content (7.68g/dl) and whole blood clotting time (46 see) were recorded from H. longifilis fed MM5. Without any reservation, inclusion of maggot based meal diet is recommended as feed in the diet of H. longifilis to 75% replacement of fish meal for growth and better healthy condition so as to ensure sustainable aquaculture in Nigeria.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;1 fig.;26 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Nigeria ; Maggot meal ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Food organisms ; Diets ; Feed efficiency ; Growth rate ; Haemoglobins
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    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23059 | 19325 | 2018-03-06 15:38:43 | 23059 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The proximate composition of the fresh water shrimp Atya gabonensis (Irvine), preserved by smoking, salting and sun - drying was determined and compared to the fresh shrimp. All the preservation methods significantly (p〈 0.05) increased the total dry matter (38.34 93%), protein content (17.31 48.9) and ash content (28.36 36.17%) over the fresh shrimp value. Moisture and lipid contents however, were reduced from the fresh shrimp's 61.66% and 25.29% to low value of 7.00% and 5.10% respectively. The preserved shrimp is, therefore, nutritionally superior to the fresh shrimp as preservation enhances its proximate composition. Of all the preservation methods used in this work, smoking is the best. It recorded the best preservation indices of lowest moisture content, higher dry matter, higher protein content and highest ash content.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;13 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chemistry ; Atya gabonensis ; Nigeria ; Benue R. ; freshwater environment ; Lipids ; Organic compounds ; Proteins ; Ash content ; Cured products ; Fish ; Shrimp fisheries
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Separation and purification are critical industrial processes for separating components of chemical mixtures, and these processes account for about half of industrial energy usage (1). Gas mixtures of compounds with very similar physical properties are particularly difficult to separate. On pages 137 and 141 of this issue, Cadiau et al. (2) and Cui et al. (3), respectively, show that microporous materials can be designed to have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for particular hydrocarbons, enabling energy-efficient separation. Author: Jerry Y. S. Lin
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Biomass-degrading microorganisms use lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzymes to help digest cellulose, chitin, and starch. By cleaving otherwise inaccessible crystalline cellulose chains, these enzymes provide access to hydrolytic enzymes. LPMOs are of interest to biotechnology because efficient depolymerization of cellulose is a major bottleneck for the production of biologically based chemicals and fuels. On page 1098 of this issue, Kracher et al. (1) compare LPMO-reducing substrates in fungi from different taxonomic groups and lifestyles, based on both biochemical and genomic evidence. The results provide insights into reductive activation of LPMO that are important for developing more efficient industrial enzymes for lignocellulose biorefineries. Author: Angel T. Martínez
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Author: Marc S. Lavine
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Demaine, Linda J -- Fellmeth, Aaron X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1375-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA. demaine@rand.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Oxide ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Plant Extracts ; Plant Roots ; Titanium ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byrne, G I -- R01 AI019782/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1765-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11556363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disease ; Health ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Risk ; Risk-Taking ; *Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisner, Thomas -- Berenbaum, May -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):1973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biochemical Phenomena ; *Biochemistry ; *Biological Factors/chemistry ; *Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; *Molecular Biology ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: The question of how the primary amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure is still unanswered. One approach to this problem involves the de novo design of model peptides and proteins that should adopt desired three-dimensional structures. A systematic approach was aimed at the design of a four-helix bundle protein. The gene encoding the designed protein was synthesized and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The protein was shown to be monomeric, highly helical, and very stable to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Thus a globular protein has been designed that is capable of adopting a stable, folded structure in aqueous solution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regan, L -- DeGrado, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Central Research & Development Department, Wilmington, DE 19898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; *Protein Conformation ; *Proteins/genetics
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies have been induced that are capable of catalyzing specific hydrolysis of the Gly-Phe bond of peptide substrates at neutral pH with a metal complex cofactor. The antibodies were produced by immunizing with a Co(III) triethylenetetramine (trien)-peptide hapten. These antibodies as a group are capable of binding trien complexes of not only Co(III) but also of numerous other metals. Six peptides were examined as possible substrates with the antibodies and various metal complexes. Two of these peptides were cleaved by several of the antibodies. One antibody was studied in detail, and cleavage was observed for the substrates with the trien complexes of Zn(II), Ga(III), Fe(III), In(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Lu(III), Mg(II), or Mn(II) as cofactors. A turnover number of 6 x 10(-4) per second was observed for these substrates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of cofactor-assisted catalysis in an antibody binding site to accomplish difficult chemical transformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, B L -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens/immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cobalt/immunology/metabolism ; Glycine/metabolism ; Haptens/immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Metals/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Trientine/immunology
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: The comment and response concerning the report of oxidation of methane to methanol by water (Reports, 5 May 2017, p. 523) do not fully capture the implications of thermodynamic limitations. A nonisothermal process in which each cycle requires a large temperature swing and permits only substoichiometric methane conversion surely could not be carried out on any practical scale.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: Labinger argues that stepwise reaction of methane with water to produce methanol and hydrogen will never be commercially feasible because of its substoichiometric basis with respect to the active site and the requirement of a large temperature swing. This comment is not touching any new ground, beyond describing the thermodynamic feasibility, thermal cycling, and the role of water as discussed previously. Most important, it does not have a solid numerical basis.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Vinyl carbocations have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies over the past five decades. Despite this long history in chemistry, the utility of vinyl cations in chemical synthesis has been limited, with most reactivity studies focusing on solvolysis reactions or intramolecular processes. Here we report synthetic and mechanistic studies of vinyl cations generated through silylium–weakly coordinating anion catalysis. We find that these reactive intermediates undergo mild intermolecular carbon-carbon bond–forming reactions, including carbon-hydrogen (C–H) insertion into unactivated sp 3 C–H bonds and reductive Friedel-Crafts reactions with arenes. Moreover, we conducted computational studies of these alkane C–H functionalization reactions and discovered that they proceed through nonclassical, ambimodal transition structures. This reaction manifold provides a framework for the catalytic functionalization of hydrocarbons using simple ketone derivatives.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: It is commonly assumed that recognition and discrimination of chirality, both in nature and in artificial systems, depend solely on spatial effects. However, recent studies have suggested that charge redistribution in chiral molecules manifests an enantiospecific preference in electron spin orientation. We therefore reasoned that the induced spin polarization may affect enantiorecognition through exchange interactions. Here we show experimentally that the interaction of chiral molecules with a perpendicularly magnetized substrate is enantiospecific. Thus, one enantiomer adsorbs preferentially when the magnetic dipole is pointing up, whereas the other adsorbs faster for the opposite alignment of the magnetization. The interaction is not controlled by the magnetic field per se, but rather by the electron spin orientations, and opens prospects for a distinct approach to enantiomeric separations.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Theory has established the importance of geometric phase (GP) effects in the adiabatic dynamics of molecular systems with a conical intersection connecting the ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces, but direct observation of their manifestation in chemical reactions remains a major challenge. Here, we report a high-resolution crossed molecular beams study of the H + HD -〉 H 2 + D reaction at a collision energy slightly above the conical intersection. Velocity map ion imaging revealed fast angular oscillations in product quantum state–resolved differential cross sections in the forward scattering direction for H 2 products at specific rovibrational levels. The experimental results agree with adiabatic quantum dynamical calculations only when the GP effect is included.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: The chemistry of the carbonyl group is essential to modern organic synthesis. The preparation of substituted, enantioenriched 1,3- or 1,5-dicarbonyls is well developed, as their disconnection naturally follows from the intrinsic polarity of the carbonyl group. By contrast, a general enantioselective access to quaternary stereocenters in acyclic 1,4-dicarbonyl systems remains an unresolved problem, despite the tremendous importance of 2,3-substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl motifs in natural products and drug scaffolds. Here we present a broad enantioselective and stereodivergent strategy to access acyclic, polysubstituted 1,4-dicarbonyls via acid-catalyzed [3,3]-sulfonium rearrangement starting from vinyl sulfoxides and ynamides. The stereochemistry at sulfur governs the absolute sense of chiral induction, whereas the double bond geometry dictates the relative configuration of the final products.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: With the recent soaring production of natural gas, the use of methane and other light hydrocarbon feedstocks as starting materials in synthetic transformations is becoming increasingly economically attractive, although it remains chemically challenging. We report the development of photocatalytic C–H amination, alkylation, and arylation of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes under visible light irradiation at ambient temperature. High catalytic efficiency (turnover numbers up to 2900 for methane and 9700 for ethane) and selectivity were achieved using abundant, inexpensive cerium salts as photocatalysts. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitation generated alkoxy radicals from simple alcohols that in turn acted as hydrogen atom transfer catalysts. The mixed-phase gas/liquid reaction was adapted to continuous flow, enabling the efficient use of gaseous feedstocks in scalable photocatalytic transformations.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-24
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Intrigued by the potential of nanoscale machines, scientists have long attempted to control molecular motion. We monitored the individual 0.7-nanometer steps of a single molecular hopper as it moved in an electric field along a track in a nanopore controlled by a chemical ratchet. The hopper demonstrated characteristics desired in a moving molecule: defined start and end points, processivity, no chemical fuel requirement, directional motion, and external control. The hopper was readily functionalized to carry cargos. For example, a DNA molecule could be ratcheted along the track in either direction, a prerequisite for nanopore sequencing.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: Phosphorothioate nucleotides have emerged as powerful pharmacological substitutes of their native phosphodiester analogs with important translational applications in antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics and cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) synthesis. Stereocontrolled installation of this chiral motif has long been hampered by the systemic use of phosphorus(III) [P(III)]–based reagent systems as the sole practical means of oligonucleotide assembly. A fundamentally different approach is described herein: the invention of a P(V)-based reagent platform for programmable, traceless, diastereoselective phosphorus-sulfur incorporation. The power of this reagent system is demonstrated through the robust and stereocontrolled synthesis of various nucleotidic architectures, including ASOs and CDNs, via an efficient, inexpensive, and operationally simple protocol.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2018-09-21
    Description: Here we report an anomalous porous molecular crystal built of C–H···N-bonded double-layered roof-floor components and wall components of a segregatively interdigitated architecture. This complicated porous structure consists of only one type of fully aromatic multijoint molecule carrying three identical dipyridylphenyl wedges. Despite its high symmetry, this molecule accomplishes difficult tasks by using two of its three wedges for roof-floor formation and using its other wedge for wall formation. Although a C–H···N bond is extremely labile, the porous crystal maintains its porosity until thermal breakdown of the C–H···N bonds at 202°C occurs, affording a nonporous polymorph. Though this nonporous crystal survives even at 325°C, it can retrieve the parent porosity under acetonitrile vapor. These findings show how one can translate simplicity into ultrahigh complexity.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Description: Some of the simplest and most powerful carbon-carbon bond forming strategies take advantage of readily accessible ubiquitous motifs: carbonyls and olefins. Here we report a fundamentally distinct mode of reactivity between carbonyls and olefins that differs from established acid-catalyzed carbonyl-ene, Prins, and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction paths. A range of epsilon, zeta-unsaturated ketones undergo Brønsted acid–catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to provide tetrahydrofluorene products via the formation of two new carbon-carbon bonds. Theoretical calculations and accompanying mechanistic studies suggest that this carbocyclization reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of a transient oxetane formed by oxygen atom transfer. The complex polycyclic frameworks in this product class appear as common substructures in organic materials, bioactive natural products, and recently developed pharmaceuticals.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Description: Alkene aminoarylation with a single, bifunctional reagent is a concise synthetic strategy. We report a catalytic protocol for the addition of arylsulfonylacetamides across electron-rich alkenes with complete anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity to provide 2,2-diarylethylamines. In this process, single-electron alkene oxidation enables carbon-nitrogen bond formation to provide a key benzylic radical poised for a Smiles-Truce 1,5-aryl shift. This reaction is redox-neutral, exhibits broad functional group compatibility, and occurs at room temperature with loss of sulfur dioxide. As this process is driven by visible light, uses readily available starting materials, and demonstrates convergent synthesis, it is well suited for use in a variety of synthetic endeavors.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Description: Photocatalysis based on optically active, "plasmonic" metal nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate light-driven chemical conversions under far milder conditions than thermal catalysis. However, an understanding of the relation between thermal and electronic excitations has been lacking. We report the substantial light-induced reduction of the thermal activation barrier for ammonia decomposition on a plasmonic photocatalyst. We introduce the concept of a light-dependent activation barrier to account for the effect of light illumination on electronic and thermal excitations in a single unified picture. This framework provides insight into the specific role of hot carriers in plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which is critically important for designing energy-efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Single-electron reduction of a carbonyl to a ketyl enables access to a polarity-reversed platform of reactivity for this cornerstone functional group. However, the synthetic utility of the ketyl radical is hindered by the strong reductants necessary for its generation, which also limit its reactivity to net reductive mechanisms. We report a strategy for net redox-neutral generation and reaction of ketyl radicals. The in situ conversion of aldehydes to α-acetoxy iodides lowers their reduction potential by more than 1 volt, allowing for milder access to the corresponding ketyl radicals and an oxidative termination event. Upon subjecting these iodides to a dimanganese decacarbonyl precatalyst and visible light irradiation, an atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism affords a broad scope of vinyl iodide products with high Z -selectivity.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Description: Reactions that form a product with the same reactive functionality as that of one of the starting compounds frequently end in oligomerization. As a salient example, selective aldol coupling of the smallest, though arguably most useful, enolizable aldehyde, acetaldehyde, with just one partner substrate has proven to be extremely challenging. Here, we report a highly enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction with the simple triethylsilyl (TES) and tert -butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) enolates of acetaldehyde and various aliphatic and aromatic acceptor aldehydes. The reaction is catalyzed by recently developed, strongly acidic imidodiphosphorimidates (IDPi), which, like enzymes, display a confined active site but, like small-molecule catalysts, have a broad substrate scope. The process is scalable, fast, efficient (0.5 to 1.5 mole % catalyst loading), and greatly simplifies access to highly valuable silylated acetaldehyde aldols.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2018-12-21
    Description: Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) containing only one metal center may represent the lower size limit for molecule-based magnetic information storage materials. Their current drawback is that all SMMs require liquid-helium cooling to show magnetic memory effects. We now report a chemical strategy to access the dysprosium metallocene cation [(Cp i Pr5 )Dy(Cp*)] + (Cp i Pr5 , penta-iso-propylcyclopentadienyl; Cp *, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), which displays magnetic hysteresis above liquid-nitrogen temperatures. An effective energy barrier to reversal of the magnetization of U eff = 1541 wave number is also measured. The magnetic blocking temperature of T B = 80 kelvin for this cation overcomes an essential barrier toward the development of nanomagnet devices that function at practical temperatures.
    Keywords: Chemistry
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: The surface forces apparatus technique was used for measuring the adhesion, deformation, and fusion of bilayers supported on mica surfaces in aqueous solutions. The most important force leading to the direct fusion of bilayers is the hydrophobic interaction, although the occurrence of fusion is not simply related to the force law between bilayers. Bilayers do not need to "overcome" some repulsive force barrier, such as hydration, before they can fuse. Instead, once bilayer surfaces come within about 1 nanometer of each other, local deformations and molecular rearrangements allow them to "bypass" these forces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helm, C A -- Israelachvili, J N -- McGuiggan, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):919-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Models, Biological ; Models, Structural ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylethanolamines
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldrop, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):354-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2756423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Enzymes ; Technology, Pharmaceutical
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldrop, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):472-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Information Systems ; Jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The presence of clathrate hydrates in cometary ice has been suggested to account for anomalous gas release at large radial distances from the sun as well as the retention of volatiles in comets to elevated temperatures. However, how clathrate hydrates can form in low-pressure environments, such as in cold interstellar molecular clouds, in the outer reaches of the early solar nebula, or in cometary ices, has been poorly understood. Experiments performed with the use of a modified electron microscope demonstrate that during the warming of vapor-deposited amorphous ices in vacuo, clathrate hydrates can form by rearrangements in the solid state. Phase separations and microporous textures that are the result of these rearrangements may account for a variety of anomalous cometary phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blake, D -- Allamandola, L -- Sandford, S -- Hudgins, D -- Freund, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254:548-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Biology Branch, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Crystallography ; Earth (Planet) ; Hydrocarbons/chemistry ; Ice/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Solar System
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1434-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1810291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Consanguinity ; *Fertility ; Gene Frequency ; Health ; Humans
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: Methods for the design and synthesis of ligands intended to be specific for a metal ion have been a recent chemical development. This article describes how this process can be inverted so that the specifics of the coordination environment around the metal ion can be used as a template in large-scale ligand synthesis. The synthesis of macrobicyclic ligands for ferric ion has been accomplished by using active esters of catechol ligands in which catecholate coordination to iron is a prelude to the organic chemical reactions that link the coordination subunits together into one ligand system surrounding a central metal ion coordination site. The lanthanide(III) ions, which are among the most labile metal ions known, have coordination numbers of 8 or higher, and thus their encapsulation into a macrobicyclic structure is a challenging problem. Lanthanide amine complexes have been used as metal templates in the synthesis of such macrobicyclic lanthanide complexes. There is evidence that such a complex is inert to exchange in aqueous solution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMurry, T J -- Raymond, K N -- Smith, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):938-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cations ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Iron/metabolism ; *Ligands ; Macromolecular Substances ; Metals/*metabolism ; Metals, Rare Earth/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Mechanistic and synthetic studies in organometallic chemistry have provided considerable insight into olefin metathesis and Ziegler-Natta polymerization. New homogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts based on high oxidation state transition metals have opened new opportunities in polymer synthesis by providing unprecedented control in ring-opening polymerization of cyclic alkenes. The recent development of living coordinative polymerization systems has led to the preparation of a number of new, interesting materials, including block copolymers, conducting polymers or precursors, and ionophoric polymeric substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grubbs, R H -- Tumas, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):907-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2645643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Organometallic Compounds ; *Polymers
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: Direct osmotic stress measurements have been made of forces between helices of xanthan, an industrially important charged polysaccharide. Exponentially decaying hydration forces, much like those already measured between lipid bilayer membranes or DNA double helices, dominate the interactions at close separation. Interactions between uncharged schizophyllans also show the same kind of hydration force seen between xanthans. In addition to the practical possibilities for modifying solution and suspension properties through recognition and control of molecular forces, there is now finally the opportunity for theorists to relate macroscopic properties of a polymer solution to the microscopic properties that underlie them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rau, D C -- Parsegian, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2144663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbohydrate Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Gels ; *Glycosaminoglycans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmosis ; *Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; *Sizofiran ; Solutions ; Viscosity
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-02-02
    Description: Protein unfolding and the dissolution of hydrophobic compounds (including solids, liquids, and gases) in water are characterized by a linear relation between entropy change and heat capacity change. The same slope is found for various classes of compounds, whereas the intercept depends on the particular class. The feature common to these processes is exposure of hydrophobic groups to water. These observations make possible the assignment of the heat capacity change to hydrophobic solvation and lead to the description of protein stability in terms of a hydrophobic and a nonhydrophobic contribution. A general representation of protein stability is given by the heat capacity change and the temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, K P -- Privalov, P L -- Gill, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Protein Denaturation ; *Proteins ; Thermodynamics
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-03-02
    Description: Ultrasound has become an important synthetic tool in liquid-solid chemical reactions, but the origins of the observed enhancements remained unknown. The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on solid-liquid slurries were examined. Turbulent flow and shock waves produced by acoustic cavitation were found to drive metal particles together at sufficiently high velocities to induce melting upon collision. A series of transition-metal powders were used to probe the maximum temperatures and speeds reached during such interparticle collisions. Metal particles that were irradiated in hydrocarbon liquids with ultrasound underwent collisions at roughly half the speed of sound and generated localized effective temperatures between 2600 degrees C and 3400 degrees C at the point of impact for particles with an average diameter of approximately 10 microns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doktycz, S J -- Suslick, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1067-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Metals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microspheres ; *Ultrasonics
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Government Agencies ; Health ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-01-12
    Description: Experiments are presented that confirm earlier predictions that the mode of supply of reactants to a nonlinear (bio)chemical reaction determines or controls concentrations at steady states far from equilibrium. The oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) catalyzed by the enzyme horseradish peroxidase with continuous input of oxygen was studied; NAD+ is continuously recycled to NADH through a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system. A comparison of steady-state concentrations is made with an oscillatory oxygen input and a constant input at the same average oxygen input for both modes. By varying the frequency and amplitude of the perturbation (O2 influx), the following may be changed: the average concentration of NADH; the Gibbs free energy difference delta G of the reactants and products at steady state; the average rate of the reaction; the phase relation between the oscillatory rate and delta G; and the dissipation. These results confirm the possibility of an "alternating current chemistry," of control and optimization of thermodynamic efficiency and dissipation by means of external variation of constraints in classes of nonlinear reactions and biological pumps, and of improvements of the yield in such reactions (heterogeneous catalysis, for example).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazar, J G -- Ross, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):189-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2294601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Peroxidases/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: The interaction of a protein antigen, horse cytochrome c (cyt c), with a monoclonal antibody has been studied by hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange labeling and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) methods. The H-exchange rate of residues in three discontiguous regions of the cyt c polypeptide backbone was slowed by factors up to 340-fold in the antibody-antigen complex compared with free cyt c. The protected residues, 36 to 38, 59, 60, 64 to 67, 100, and 101, and their hydrogen-bond acceptors, are brought together in the three-dimensional structure to form a contiguous, largely exposed protein surface with an area of about 750 square angstroms. The interaction site determined in this way is consistent with prior epitope mapping studies and includes several residues that were not previously identified. The hydrogen exchange labeling approach can be used to map binding sites on small proteins in antibody-antigen complexes and may be applicable to protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions in general.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, Y -- Englander, S W -- Roder, H -- GM 31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35926/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR-05415-28/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):755-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/metabolism ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; *Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cytochrome c Group/*immunology ; Deuterium ; Epitopes/immunology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baskin, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):140-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1853198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Biology ; California ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Research Support as Topic
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: Reactive or unstable molecules are key intermediates in many important reactions, but can be difficult to prepare for experimental studies. Species with missing (:CH-OH) or extra (H3) substituents can often be formed conveniently in the gas phase by neutralizing a beam of a more stable ionic counterpart (CH = O+H, H3+). Reionization of the neutral after approximately 10(-6) seconds tests its stability, whereas its unimolecular chemistry can be probed by preparing it with different amounts of internal energy. The resulting neutral products are reionized and mass analyzed. Isomers are then characterized by ion dissociation and a third mass-analysis step. Many unusual molecules have been characterized with this technique, which can also be used to probe complex unimolecular chemistry, such as that of cyclobutadiene and ethylene oxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLafferty, F W -- GM-16609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):925-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Butadienes ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Ethylene Oxide ; Free Radicals ; Hydrocarbons ; *Ions ; *Mass Spectrometry ; Methane/analogs & derivatives ; Molecular Structure ; Thermodynamics
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1990-05-18
    Description: The immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit the transcription of early T cell activation genes. The binding proteins for cyclosporin A and FK506, cyclophilin and FKBP, respectively, are peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases, or rotamases. One proposed mechanism for rotamase catalysis by cyclophilin involves a tetrahedral adduct of an amide carbonyl and an enzyme-bound nucleophile. The potent FKBP rotamase inhibitor FK506 has a highly electrophilic carbonyl that is adjacent to an acyl-pipicolinyl (homoprolyl) amide bond. Such a functional group would be expected to form a stabilized, enzyme-bound tetrahedral adduct. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence reveals that the drug interacts noncovalently with its receptor, suggesting that the alpha-keto amid of FK506 serves as a surrogate for the twisted amide of a bound peptide substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, M K -- Standaert, R F -- Galat, A -- Nakatsuka, M -- Schreiber, S L -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 18;248(4957):863-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Isomerases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclosporins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tacrolimus
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: Immunochemistry has historically focused on the nature of antigenicity and antibody-antigen recognition. However, in the last 5 years, the field of immunochemistry has taken a new direction. With the aid of mechanistic and synthetic chemistry, the vast network of molecules and cells of the immune system has been tapped to produce antibodies with a new function--catalytic antibodies. Because antibodies can be generated that selectively bind almost any molecule of interest, this new technology offers the potential to tailor-make highly selective catalysts for applications in biology, chemistry, and medicine. In addition, catalytic antibodies provide fundamental insight into important aspects of biological catalysis, including the importance of transition-state stabilization, proximity effects, general acid and base catalysts, electrophilic and nucleophilic catalysis, and strain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lerner, R A -- Benkovic, S J -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):659-67.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; *Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Haptens ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Metals ; Molecular Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins ; Thermodynamics ; Zinc
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; *Cooking ; *Food ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Laurance, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):43-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1153103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. jscharlemann@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics/statistics & numerical data ; *Environment ; *Ethanol ; Gasoline ; Greenhouse Effect ; Health ; Humans ; *Plants
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):214. doi: 10.1126/science.326_214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Budgets ; Child ; Disclosure ; Financing, Government ; Health ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; Neoplasms ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, Bruno S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):542-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1201060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. bruno.frey@econ.uzh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emotions ; Female ; *Happiness ; Health ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2012-06-08
    Description: The composition and activity of the gut microbiota codevelop with the host from birth and is subject to a complex interplay that depends on the host genome, nutrition, and life-style. The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, giving rise to interactive host-microbiota metabolic, signaling, and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain. A deeper understanding of these axes is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicholson, Jeremy K -- Holmes, Elaine -- Kinross, James -- Burcelin, Remy -- Gibson, Glenn -- Jia, Wei -- Pettersson, Sven -- R01AA020212/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1262-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1223813. Epub 2012 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. j.nicholson@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Diet ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Health ; Humans ; Immune System/physiology ; Inflammation ; Liver/metabolism ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism/*microbiology ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Metagenome ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Scientists have long predicted large-scale responses of infectious diseases to climate change, giving rise to a polarizing debate, especially concerning human pathogens for which socioeconomic drivers and control measures can limit the detection of climate-mediated changes. Climate change has already increased the occurrence of diseases in some natural and agricultural systems, but in many cases, outcomes depend on the form of climate change and details of the host-pathogen system. In this review, we highlight research progress and gaps that have emerged during the past decade and develop a predictive framework that integrates knowledge from ecophysiology and community ecology with modeling approaches. Future work must continue to anticipate and monitor pathogen biodiversity and disease trends in natural ecosystems and identify opportunities to mitigate the impacts of climate-driven disease emergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altizer, Sonia -- Ostfeld, Richard S -- Johnson, Pieter T J -- Kutz, Susan -- Harvell, C Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):514-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. saltizer@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/transmission ; Extinction, Biological ; Health ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Prognosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1430. doi: 10.1126/science.1245924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Environmental Pollutants/poisoning/*toxicity ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Health ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Japan ; Mercury Poisoning/diagnosis/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Methylmercury Compounds/*toxicity ; Waste Water/analysis/chemistry/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):292-5. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Longevity ; Male ; Papio/*physiology/*psychology ; Reproduction ; Starvation/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/*physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vrieze, Jop -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):241-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Health ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Male ; Meat/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Tanzania
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: Here we describe the requirements of an e-Infrastructure to enable faster, better, and different scientific research capabilities. We use two application exemplars taken from the United Kingdom's e-Science Programme to illustrate these requirements and make the case for a service-oriented infrastructure. We provide a brief overview of the UK "plug-and-play composable services" vision and the role of semantics in such an e-Infrastructure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hey, Tony -- Trefethen, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):817-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1ET, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; *Computational Biology ; *Computer Communication Networks ; *Computing Methodologies ; Databases as Topic ; Graves Disease/genetics ; *Internet ; *Research ; *Software ; Williams Syndrome/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Attaining sustainability will require concerted interactive efforts among disciplines, many of which have not yet recognized, and internalized, the relevance of environmental issues to their main intellectual discourse. The inability of key scientific disciplines to engage interactively is an obstacle to the actual attainment of sustainability. For example, in the list of Millennium Development Goals from the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002, the seventh of the eight goals, to "ensure environmental sustainability," is presented separately from the parallel goals of reducing fertility and poverty, improving gains in equity, improving material conditions, and enhancing population health. A more integrated and consilient approach to sustainability is urgently needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMichael, A J -- Butler, C D -- Folke, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1919-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Demography ; Disease ; *Ecology ; *Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Epidemiology ; Health ; Humans ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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