ALBERT

Description: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages \xc2\xb2).\nZehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on \xe2\x80\x9dDe riet-schorskever\xe2\x80\x9d (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER\xe2\x80\x99S volume on \xe2\x80\x9eDe dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten\xe2\x80\x9d (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Description: A supplementary survey is given of endo- and ectoparasites collected from wild mammals in the Netherlands.

Description: A.\nGENERAL REMARKS\nDuring three years 4500 reports of whales sighted from Netherlands ships were collected, bearing on approximately 11.000 individual animals. Most of the observations were made in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. It was supposed that the species could be determined with a fairly high degree of reliability in the case of Humpback Whales, Sperm Whales and Right Whales. No distinction could be made between Blue, Fin, Sei and Bryde Whales. They were collected under the heading Rorquals. Catches of land stations and strandings of whales, however, indicate that in all areas, at least a part of these Rorquals must have been Blue or Fin Whales. Probably the majority of this part were Fin Whales.\nNevertheless it must he emphasized that the observations give no exact figures but only indications. It would be highly desirable if the results could be controlled by observations made by experienced whale biologists or gunners, especially in tropical and subtropical waters. We have the impression that for the time being no better results can be obtained with the present type of research. On the other hand, the fact that the generally known facts about the annual migration of the big whales were also clearly shown by this research, may be an indication for a certain degree of reliability of the research. The monthly number of animals of each species observed per 1000 hours steamed in daylight was plotted on charts in ten degrees squares. The reliability of the converted data is highest in the black dots.\nB. RORQUALS AND HUMPBACKS 1. Distribution The animals involved are not evenly distributed over the Oceans. There are big concentrations in certain areas, whereas in other areas practically no whales occur. Broadly outlined the highly populated areas coincide with the areas of greatest biological productivity of the sea, as shown by WALFORD (1958).\nIn the tropics and subtropics important areas with a great number of sighted whales are: the Caribbean, the North African west coast, the Atlantic coast of South Africa, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Bay of Bengal, the Indonesian Archipelago and the African east coast between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 40\xc2\xb0 S. It could be demonstrated that in the Indian Ocean southern Rorquals migrate over the entire breadth of the Ocean south of 30\xc2\xb0 S. North of 30\xc2\xb0 they migrate only at the eastern and the western side, apparently in order to avoid the waters with low biological productivity in the central part of the Ocean.\nNo special relationship was found between the distribution or the migratory routes of the whales and the course of the big Ocean currents with regard to the locomotory aspect. There was a special relationship only in those cases where the big currents show a great biological productivity, as for example the Gulf Stream and the currents in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. 2. Migration, general remarks With regard to Rorquals in the North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, as well as with regard to Humpbacks in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean it could be demonstrated that during the summer a part of the population does not migrate into Arctic or Antarctic waters, but that it stays in tropical, subtropical or temperate waters. In Humpbacks the phenomenon is less pronounced than in Rorquals. In Rorquals the phenomenon is not caused by observations of Sei or Bryde Whales only, because catches of land stations and strandings show that Blue and Fin Whales are present during the summer in the waters involved as well. The percentage of the stock of Blue and Fin Whales staying behind in warm and temperate waters is not known, but the authors have the impression that it is not unsignificant. The number of Rorquals staying behind during the summer appears to be larger in the North than in the South Atlantic, probably because Fin Whales in the North Atlantic feed on fish.\nThe phenomenon of staying behind of a part of the population confirms the assumption that estimations of the Antarctic population of Blue, Fin or Humpback Whales never bear on the total stock of the species involved. The phenomenon may also cause that the number of periods or laminations in baleen plates or ear plugs, used in determining the age of Whalebone Whales, is not a reliable indication for the actual age of the animals. The actual age may be higher than the number of periods, because the staying behind in warm waters causes irregularities in their formation.\nIt could, however, be demonstrated, that in most areas the majority of the populations showed the generally accepted type of annual migration. 3. Migration, Rorquals In the North Atlantic the principal northward migration of Rorquals takes place in April-July, the southward migration in September-November. In the South Atlantic the period of migration southward is September-December, that of the northward migration March-June.\nThe majority of the Rorqual population (which may be principally the Fin Whale population) lives in the North Atlantic during the northern winter between 0\xc2\xb0 and 40\xc2\xb0 N and during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and the border of the pack ice. With regard to the South Atlantic these areas are: in the southern winter between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 S, in the southern summer between the equator and the pack ice, but mainly in Antarctic waters.\nThe northern and southern population apparently meet in the Caribbean, in waters off the North African west coast and probably also in the central part of the Ocean between 0\xc2\xb0 and 20\xc2\xb0 N.\nIn the Indian Ocean large concentrations of Rorquals have been encountered in the northern part of the Ocean during the southern summer, whereas the number of sightings during the southern winter is surprisingly small. During this season the majority of the Rorquals is concentrated in waters of Madagascar and off the Australian west coast. This suggests, that during the southern summer (northern winter) the northern part of the Ocean is populated by Rorquals coming from the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Probably these whales enter the Indian Ocean by passing the waters of the Indonesian Archipelago and the straits between these waters and the Indian Ocean. This supposition is supported by the fact that in the northern part of the Indian Ocean calves have been sighted in almost equal monthly numbers during the whole year, whereas in the Atlantic Ocean seasonal peaks in the number of sightings have been demonstrated. On the other hand, the possibility of a local stock in the northern part of the Indian Ocean may not be excluded.\nAlthough a number of southern Rorquals certainly migrate into the northern part of the Ocean during the southern winter, the majority of the population probably live in this season between the equator (or 10\xc2\xb0 S) and 30\xc2\xb0 S. In the southern summer the majority of the population is found in Antarctic.\nIn the North Pacific Ocean the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 20\xc2\xb0 N and the pack ice and in the northern winter between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The South Pacific population apparently migrates northward during the southern winter up to about 10\xc2\xb0 N. 4. Migration, Humpbacks Humpbacks appear to migrate principally in coastal waters with the exception of the crossing part of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic (30\xc2\xb0 N to 50\xc2\xb0 N) where they are found during the northern winter over the entire breadth of the Ocean. In the northern part of the Indian Ocean they are spread over a large part of the Ocean as well.\nIn the North Atlantic the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N, and during the northern winter between 40\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S (especially in the Caribbean and off the North African west coast). Probably all Humpbacks in the Caribbean belong to the northern stock, because the southern population appears to live during the southern winter between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 20\xc2\xb0 N at the African side of the Ocean, but between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the equator at the American side. During the southern summer they are found between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the pack ice (mostly in Antarctic waters). In former days the North Atlantic Humpback population probably lived further northward (in summer as well as in winter) than nowadays. This may be connected with changes in feeding conditions or with the general decrease of the stock.\nJust as has been shown with regard to Rorquals, a part of the North Pacific Humpback population seems to migrate into the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. The southern population of the Indian Ocean lives during the southern winter between the continent and 30\xc2\xb0 S. During the southern summer the animals are found between 45\xc2\xb0 S and the border of the pack ice.\nThe northern and southern stocks of the Pacific Ocean meet in waters of the Indonesian Archipelago. At the eastern (American) side of the Ocean the northern population lives during the summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N (or farther northward). During the winter they live between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The southern stock appears to migrate as far to the North as 10\xc2\xb0 N. 5. Calves Sightings of calves of Rorquals (probably the majority of them being Fin Whales) in the Atlantic Ocean point to a peak in the number of births in December-January for the northern population and in May-June for the southern stock.\nNorth Atlantic Humpbacks appear to be born principally in the southern part of the North Atlantic in April, whereas births of the southern stocks apparently occur in tropical waters with a peak in September.\nC.\nSPERM WHALES\n1. North Atlantic Sperm Whales are always present in the North Atlantic between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N, but on the African side the population appears to be much larger than on the American side. A great number of animals are sighted in the Gulf Stream during the summer. The northward migration starts in April, the animals return to the South in autumn. The majority of the females do not go farther to the North than 40\xc2\xb0 N (a minority probably up to 50\xc2\xb0 N). The males migrate into Arctic waters. During the northern winter the majority of the males and females apparently live between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N (the American stock mostly in the Caribbean), but some males may stay behind in colder waters as far as 60\xc2\xb0 N. 2. South Atlantic Practically no sightings of Sperm Whales have been reported from the South American east coast, although these waters show a reasonable biological productivity and although a great number of Rorquals have been sighted there. In former days great numbers of Sperm Whales have been caught in these waters. During the summer the males migrate into Antarctic waters, the females migrate up to about 40\xc2\xb0 S. During the winter most of the animals live in tropical waters but some males and females are present up to 40\xc2\xb0 S. 3. Indian Ocean With regard to the Indian Ocean there is a very significant correlation between the distribution of Sperm Whales and the biological productivity of the sea. In the northern part of the Ocean there are many more Sperm Whales sighted during the northern winter than during the northern summer.\nThe general seasonal movements described with regard to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could not be demonstrated in the Indian Ocean. Apparently the Sperm Whales in this region show very special migratory movements which may be correlated with special conditions, caused by the fact that the Monsoon-stream in the northern part flows in an opposite direction in the two halves of the year. 4. Pacific Ocean Sperm Whales are encountered in the Indonesian Archipelago the whole year round. In the South Pacific they are not evenly distributed but apparently they are restricted to certain areas. The normal seasonal migratory movements could be demonstrated with regard to the South Pacific.\nD.\nOTHER SPECIES\n1. Little Piked Whales Fairly large numbers of this species were sighted throughout the whole year in tropical waters of all oceans. Large herds were also seen in the northern hemisphere. They show concentrations in areas with a high biological productivity of the sea. During the winter the majority of the animals apparently live in tropical and subtropical waters. During the spring and the autumn they show the usual migratory movements, just as Rorquals and Humpbacks. During the winter, however, some animals stay behind in northern waters, whereas during the summer there are some stragglers in warm waters.\nThe species has been observed in the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. In the North Atlantic births take place in warm or temperate waters, probably from November to March. 2. Californian Grey Whales Sightings in the North Pacific were quite in accordance with the generally accepted opinion about the migration of this species. 3. Right Whales North Atlantic as well as Southern Right Whales have been reported. The majority of the animals do not migrate into waters between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 20\xc2\xb0 S, but there are indications that a few animals may also visit these tropical waters.\nWith regard to the North Atlantic no sightings have been reported from regions north of 50\xc2\xb0 N, whereas there was a large number of sightings between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N during the northern summer.\nIn the Indian Ocean and in the Indian Archipelago two sightings were reported from waters between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S. These observations, however, need further confirmation.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nWhen in December 1960 the R.A.O.U. Checklist Committee was reorganised and the various tasks in hand were divided over its members, the owls were assigned to the author. While it was first thought that only the Boobook Owl, the systematics of which have been notoriously confused, would need thorough revision and that as regards the other species existing lists, for example Peters (1940), could be followed, it became soon apparent that it was impossible to make a satisfactory list without revision of all species.\nIn this paper the four Australian species of Strigidae are fully revised, over their whole ranges, and the same has been done for Tyto tenebricosa. Of the other three Australian Tytonidae, however, only the Australian races have been considered: these species have a wide distribution (one of them virtually world-wide) and it was not expected that the very considerable amount of extra work needed to include extralimital races would be justified by results.\nConsiderable attention has been paid to geographical distribution, and it appears that some species are much more restricted in distribution than has generally been assumed. A map of the distribution of each species is given; these maps are mainly based on material personally examined, and only when they extended the range as otherwise defined, have I made use of reliable field observations and material published but not seen by me.\nFrom the section on material examined it will be easy to trace the localities; where other information has been used, the reference follows the locality.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThe revision was carried out, besides the Western Australian Museum,

Description: I. Introduction The present paper has been written for practical purposes in the first place. It intends to provide medical men in the field with some useful information on important mosquitoes. It is also meant to rouse some interest in those insects, that are of primary importance to public health. Three main categories will be dealt with : (a) Species known to be vectors of any human disease in the New Guinea territory; (b) Man-biting species without vector properties, merely annoying by their numbers (pest-mosquitoes) ; (c) Some species, not man-biting, but easily recognizable, wide-spread, and frequently present in mosquito collections.\nThe present synopsis has no pretentions as to its complete originality.\nBonne-Wepster & Brug (1937, 1939) already published a paper on 40 Culicines, later on modernized and extended to one hundred species by Bonne-Wepster (1954). Both these reviews, however, which are more or less out of date by now, are dealing with the whole area of the former Dutch East Indies, i.e. the Indonesian Republic including Western New Guinea This area includes parts of two entirely different faunistic provinces (the oriental and the australian), between which a natural, be it somewhat flexible, borderline exists. From a New Guinea point of view both papers carry a lot of ballast species : orientals, not occurring in the territory. On the other hand some New Guinea species which have become known as common are scarcely mentioned, or omitted. The monograph by Bonne-Wepster & Swellengrebel (1953) on the anophelines of the Indo-Australian region is hardly accessible to a non-entomologist because of the huge number of species dealt with. Yet, the anopheline fauna of New Guinea proper is poor

Description: The species numbers refer to those given in the author\xe2\x80\x99s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Description: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12\xe2\x80\x9414 species in all.\nOf the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker \xc6\x92.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides.\nChapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa.\nStarting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation.\nIt is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia.\nAn index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun\xe2\x80\x99s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Description: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Description: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham\xe2\x80\x99s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Description: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a \xe2\x80\x9cU\xe2\x80\x9d), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Description: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens.\nThe specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister \xe2\x80\x9cas so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety\xe2\x80\x9d. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary\xe2\x80\x99s type specimen in the Rabenhorst \xe2\x80\x9cFungi Europaei\xe2\x80\x9d collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 \xc2\xb5 in diam., and not 8\xe2\x80\x949 \xc2\xb5, as they are said to be in Massee\xe2\x80\x99s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 \xc2\xb5), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as \xe2\x80\x9csometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base\xe2\x80\x9d; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Description: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society\xe2\x80\x99s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society\xe2\x80\x99s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors.\nPacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Description: Previous to the 4th UNESCO Expedition, Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium made three trips together with Mr Tem Smitinand, first to Doi Chiengdao and Doi Suthep in the North (Aug. 15-21, 1963), then to the Khao Yai National Park in Central Siam (Aug. 28-29), then to Pha Nok Khao and Phu Krading South of Loie in NE. Siam (Sept. 8-11).\nThe 4th UNESCO Training Expedition was conducted by Mr Tem Smitinand of the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, and Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium, the latter serving as only instructor. The 10 participants, from Vietnam (1), the Philippines (1), Malaya (2), Singapore (1), Indonesia (2) and Thailand (3) started from a base camp 44 km from the highway from Suratthani to Takuapa in the Peninsula on Sept. 19, 1963. They investigated the flora of 7 limestone hills in the region: Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Lek, Khao Wong, Khao Ne Dang, Khao Pak Chawng, Khao Lang Tao, Khao Dai Kuad, ranging in altitude from 180 to 500 m. Each of these hills had a few peculiar species which were not found on the other hills, although in general the flora, especially in the lower slopes, was the same; 156 herbarium numbers with duplicates were here collected.

Description: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced.\nSuch a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Description: This paper is based largely on collections made by the author in Michigan, U.S.A. The genera represented among these collections are Flagelloscypha Donk (with 1 species), Lachnella Fr. emend. Donk (1), Cyphellopsis Donk (1), Merismodes Earle (1), Henningsomyces O. Kuntze (1), Calathella Reid, gen. nov. (2), Cellypha Donk (1), Pellidiscus Donk (1), Stromatocyphella W. B. Cooke emend. Reid (1), Plicaturopsis Reid, gen. nov. (1). The generic differences between Cyphellopsis, Merismodes and Phaeocyphellopsis W. B. Cooke are critically discussed; the latter genus is reduced to the synonymy of Merismodes. Full accounts are given of all the species, including an unidentified sterile Cyphelloid fungus and two new taxa viz. Henningsomyces pubera var. americana Reid and Calathella davidii Reid.

Description: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458.\nAs the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Description: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3\xe2\x80\x945 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5\xe2\x80\x94)5\xe2\x80\x947 cm longa, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4\xe2\x80\x946 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2\xe2\x80\x944(\xe2\x80\x946) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12\xe2\x80\x9415 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2\xe2\x80\x942.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6\xe2\x80\x947 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3\xe2\x80\x943.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longo, glabro.\nNEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Description: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1\xc2\xbd cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. \xc2\xbe cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5\xc2\xbd-7 cm longa, 2\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x943 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10\xe2\x80\x9412 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2\xc2\xbd mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus \xc2\xbe mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus.\nBORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Description: In the northern part of Belgium, Dryopteris tavelii is mostly found in young plantations of Pinus in the Campine and Flemish districts. As some of these localities are situated near the Dutch border, the author expects that the species may also occur in similar habitats in the Netherlands parts of these districts.

Description: Na de excursie naar de Langstraat en omgeving in 1961, waarvan een kort verslag te vinden is in Gorteria 1, no. 4, 1962, p. 30-31, werd in 1962 de zomerexcursie gehouden in de omgeving van Woerden van 9 tot 14 juli. In totaal werden ruim 500 soorten genoteerd in de volgende I.V.O.N.- uurhokken: 31-34; 31-35; 31-44; 31-45; 31-46; 31-54; 31-55; 38-13; 38-14 en 38-25.\nDe zomerexcursie-1963 werd gehouden in de omgeving van Rhenen. Tijdens deze excursie, die plaats vond van 15-20 juli werden ruim 750 soorten genoteerd, waaronder vele adventieven van het graanoverslagterrein bij Wageningen. De volgende I.V.O.N.-uurhokken werden bezocht: 32-46; 32-56; 39-16; 39-17; 39-24; 39-25; 39-26; 39-27; 39-36; 39-46 en 39-47.

Description: Carex crawfordii Fern., found in 1926 as an alien near Veghel, prov. Noord-Brabant, was now met with on the stony slope of a new dike of Oost-Flevoland polder between Harderwijk and Lelystad.

Description: A preliminary systematic study of the genus Crataegus L. in the Netherlands resulted in the fact that at least 3 taxa can be distinguished, viz. the species C. monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha L., and the hybrid C. calycina Peterm. X C. oxyacantha L. The hybrid was not yet known from this country; it is found in the NE part of Drente in hedges around wet pastures on a clay-formation deposited in the Riss-glacial period.

Description: Dutch floras mention two adventitious species of Erigeron L. sect. Phalacroloma (Cass.) Cronquist, viz. E. annuus (L.) Pers. [= Stenactis annua (L.) N. ab E.] and E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. [= Stenactis strigosa (M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd.) DC.; S. bellidiflora (Wallr.) A. Br. ex Koch]. From a study of the specimens in several Netherlands herbaria appeared that only E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. has been found here. Nearly all the material belongs to var. septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.; only a few specimens represent var. beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) A. Gray.

Description: Galeopsis pubescens Bess, has established itself near Oranjewoud (prov. Friesland); it was found there for the first time in 1910.

Description: Hippuris vulgaris L. f. undulata Boll. Van de heren D. C. van Dord en G. Rietveld ontvingen wij materiaal van Hippuris vulgaris met fijn gekroesde ondergedoken bladen, dat gevonden was in een sloot aan de weg tussen Kesteren en Ochten op 25 juli 1963 en dat gerekend moet worden tot de f. undulata Boll, in Arch. Ver. Fr. Naturgesch. Mecklenb. 14, 1860, p. 245. v. O. en R.

Description: Some new localities of Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad., Trifolium micranthum Viv., and Juncus inflexus L. in the southwestern part of Friesland.\nNaschrift van de redactie. Tijdens het voor de druk gereed maken van bovenstaand artikel ontvingen wij van de heer Van der Ploeg enige exemplaren van Trifolium micranthum Viv., die hij aantrof in het herbarium van een van zijn leerlingen, S. Muizelaar, en die verzameld waren op de oostelijke helft van het Oudemirdumer Klif. Deze nieuwe vindplaats vormt dus een schakel tussen die bij Vollenhove en de hier boven beschreven vondst op de dijk van Workum naar Hindelopen.\nVerder is het vermeldenswaard dat T. micranthum ook op Ameland blijkt voor te komen. Het was wederom de heer Van der Ploeg die de soort daar in augustus j.l. ontdekte op de Waddenzeedijk ten zuiden van Ballum, weer op een door schapen beweid dijktalud. Kort daarna bleek hem dat het plantje op het stuk Waddenzeedijk beginnend ten zuiden van Ballum tot voorbij de Reeweg ten zuiden van Hollum eigenlijk overal te vinden was.

Description: This series of acquisitions to the Netherlands adventitious flora contains descriptions of and notes on 1. Acaena ovalifolia Ruiz & Pav., 2. Amsinckia retrorsa Suksd., and 3. Bidens frondosus L. var. anomalus Porter ex Fernald. Moreover two species are mentioned that escaped from cultivation.

Description: The composition of the 2nd part of this work corresponds to that of the 1st, but, because it deals with only one class, the Monocotyledons, the whole could be more homogeneous. The Monocotyledons are systematically and anatomically less profoundly examined than the Conifers and the Dicotyledons, and for that reason it might be expected that phytochemistry could offer more often a solution in difficult taxonomical questions than in the above mentioned taxa. Unfortunately the phytochemical knowledge of the ca. 40 families of Monocotyledons has appeared to be so scant that it was impossible to base a comparison of the taxa on the chemical constituents. Only in a few cases there appeared to be clear chemical relations or differences, e.g. in the taxa of the Liliaceae \xe2\x80\x93 Amaryllidaceae complex.\nAs in the first part of this book the author followed the view of Von Wettstein regarding the circumscription of the families, except for instances where chemistry favoured the splitting into smaller ones, as one can find so often in Hutchinson\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cFamilies of Flowering Plants\xe2\x80\x9d. For this reason Von Wettstein\xe2\x80\x99s large families in the Helobiae have been accepted against the smaller concepts in this group by Hutchinson; reversely, Hutchinson has partly been followed in that the Liliaceae-Dracaenoideae together with the Amaryllidaceae-Agavoideae, occur combined as Agavaceae. Subfam. Amaryllidoideae (Allioideae excepted) has been considered as a separate family Amaryllidaceae, because of the occurrence of alkaloids in this group and the total absence of this constituent in the other taxa of the former Amaryllidaceae s.l.

Description: Opgedragen aan Prof. Dr. H. Boschma ter gelegenheid van zijn 70ste verjaardag.\nThe subfamily Rumininae of the pulmonate gastropod family Subulinidae is represented in Southern Africa by the endemic genus Xerocerastus Kobelt & von M\xc3\xb6llendorff, 1902. Xerocerastus has been divided into three subgenera, viz., Xerocerastus s.s., Lubricetta Haas, 1928 and Namibiella Zilch, 1954 \xc2\xb9). About fourteen species with many varieties, of which most are probably only of ecological significance, are now generally recognized. The genus is not treated in Connolly\'s monograph (1939), but the group has been reported upon in detail by various authors, viz., Connolly (1930), Zilch (1939, 1954) and Van Bruggen (1963).\nA number of years ago my attention was drawn to a sample of Xerocerastus burchelli (Gray) from the Northern Transvaal, preserved in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; this seemed outside the known range of both genus and species and the case was filed for further investigation. Only recently I have had opportunity to go into this matter and the results of this study are presented here.\nPilsbry (1919, pp. 309-310, fig. 158) was the first to discuss distribution and affinities of the genus Xerocerastus. Degner\'s (1923) studies of the anatomy showed that, contrary to general opinion, Xerocerastus does not belong to the Enidae, but must be referred to the family Subulinidae of the superfamily Achatinacea (c.q. Achatinidae s.l.). Consequently in showing the distribution of Xerocerastus as a subgenus of Cerastus, and in connection with the range of the latter, Pilsbry\'s map has to a certain extent lost its meaning. The genus Xerocerastus has to be considered an isolated element

Description: The genus Acidostoma was established by Lilljeborg (1865, p. 24) to receive Anonyx obesus Sp. Bate (1862, p. 74). Afterwards two further species have been added, viz. A. laticorne G. O. Sars (1879, p. 440) and A. nodiferum Stephensen (1923, p. 40). In the present paper it will be shown that A. laticorne as generally understood comprises two superficially similar but clearly distinct species with a widely different geographical range.\nOn the whole the species of Acidostoma appear to be nowhere numerous and practically nothing is known about their ecology. The present writer has had access to a comparatively large number of specimens collected by the Danish Fisheries Research vessels in the North Sea. From these it was possible to draw some further information both on taxonomy and ecology.\n\nDEFINITION OF THE GENUS\nIn most respects the Acidostoma species are typical representatives of the family Lysianassidae, but the mouth-parts are peculiar and show a series of interesting adaptations. The generic name was chosen by Lilljeborg in order to call attention to the fact that they form a long and protruding cone.\nThe generic definition given by Lilljeborg (1865) runs as follows: "Forma corporis et antennarum cum genere Anonycis congruit, oris partes appendiculares tamen plane diversae. Labii rami laterales angusti. Mandibulae processu accessorio, maxillae 1: mi paris palpo, et palpus maxillipedum ungue carentes, et hae partes oris conjunctim acumen productum praebent. Pedes trunci 1: mi paris robusti, manu prehensili. Pedes 2: di paris graciles, ungue carentes." This definition was amplified by Della Valle (1893, p. 782), G. O. Sars (1895, pp. 37-38), and Stebbing (1906, p. 14). It was demonstrated that

Description: The genus Cerceris Latreille contains several hundreds of species and is represented in all zoological regions, in temperate areas as well as in the tropics and subtropics. In 1942 Arnold stated that about 650 specific names had been proposed in this genus; since then another 125 new species have been described.\nThe species of certain parts of the world are well known. In recent years De Beaumont (1950, 1951, 1958) and others have published some important revisions of the species of Europe and North Africa, while Tsuneki (1961) studied the species of North Eastern Asia (for further references see pp. 19-21 of Tsuneki\'s paper). The Ethiopian Cerceris have been monographed by Brauns (1926) and by Arnold (1931, 1942). The species of the Nearctic region have been studied for several years by Prof. H. Scullen, who informed me that an extensive revision will appear in 1964.\nObviously it would be of considerable interest to study the relationships within this genus from a worldwide point of view. Unfortunately, this is still far from possible, mainly on account of our insufficient knowledge of the species of South America and of the Oriental and Australian regions.\nAs regards the Oriental region, the only more comprehensive paper is Turner\'s revision (1912) of the species inhabiting the former British India; it deals with 61 species, including 22 new ones. The Cerceris species of the Indo-Australian archipelago have never been revised, and our knowledge of this subject consists of no more than about 30 separate decriptions, many of which are very incomplete.\nThe present paper on the Javan Cerceris is a first attempt towards improvement of this situation; I hope that it may be followed by similar studies

Description: In het standaardwerk \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" van Max Weber (1904) treffen wij op p. 550 de taxonomie aan van de Trichechidae, welke thans Odobenidae worden genoemd. Op genoemde pagina lezen wij: \xe2\x80\x9ePlioc\xc3\xa4ne Reste aus England und Belgien beweisen die fr\xc3\xbchere gr\xc3\xb6ssere Verbreitung". Pliocene overblijfselen uit ons land waren dus in 1904 blijkbaar nog niet bekend.\nIn 1906 werd in Nederland de eerste duidelijke aanwijzing gevonden van een fossiele Odobenus. Een visser vond toen namelijk tegenover Breskens, Zeeuwsch Vlaanderen, in de Wester-Schelde een schedel met de beide slagtanden. Hieronder hoop ik op deze en dergelijke vondsten terug te komen.\nIn 1927-1928 kwam de tweede druk van \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" uit; Weber had zich toen verzekerd van twee medewerkers, O. Abel en H. M. de Burlet.\nHet omvangrijke werk verscheen nu in twee delen en in deel II (1928, p. 353) staat onder de vindplaatsen van fossiele Odobenidae ook ons land vermeld. Vindplaatsen, data en namen van de gevonden stukken worden niet genoemd, terwijl de naam van het geslacht Odobenus Brisson is veranderd in die van Trichecodon Lankester, waarbij nog aangetekend wordt, dat dit laatstgenoemde genus dichtbij de recente walrus Odobenus rosmarus (L.) staat.\nWenden wij ons nu tot de gevonden resten:\nDE FOSSIELE WALRUSSEN VAN NEDERLAND\nOdobenus huxleyi (Lankester) (Pl. XIII) 1. Zomer 1906. Bij Breskens werd in de Wester-Schelde gevonden een schedel met de twee slagtanden, doch zonder onderkaak. Dit stuk kwam in handen van dr. S. Schouten, die het schonk aan het Geologisch Instituut te Utrecht. In 1907 heeft L. Rutten de schedel aldaar onderzocht en

Description: Lorsqu\'il faut se contenter d\'espaces restreints, comme c\'est le cas dans le b\xc3\xa2timent des singes du jardin zoologique d\'Anvers, il peut arriver facilement que des repr\xc3\xa9sentants de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces soient log\xc3\xa9s dans une m\xc3\xaame cage. Ce fut entre autre le cas d\'un m\xc3\xa2le cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona, Cercopithecus mona mona (Schreber), et d\'une femelle singe argent\xc3\xa9, Cercopithecus mitis doggetti Pocock (anciennement l\'esp\xc3\xa8ce \xc3\xa9tait connue sous le nom C. leucampyx Fischer). Cette derni\xc3\xa8re avait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 accoupl\xc3\xa9e auparavant \xc3\xa0 un m\xc3\xa2le de la m\xc3\xaame esp\xc3\xa8ce; le jeune qui vint au monde ne v\xc3\xa9cut que 44 jours; lorsqu\'il naquit, son p\xc3\xa8re \xc3\xa9tait d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 mort.\nLa femelle qui surv\xc3\xa9cut fut plac\xc3\xa9e aupr\xc3\xa8s d\'un cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona tr\xc3\xa8s robuste, de sorte qu\'il fut ainsi possible d\'exposer les deux esp\xc3\xa8ces tout en n\'utilisant qu\'une seule cage. Quel ne fut pas notre \xc3\xa9tonnement lorsque nous constat\xc3\xa2mes que le volume du corps du singe argent\xc3\xa9 fit appara\xc3\xaetre que l\'animal \xc3\xa9tait en gestation. Bien que la mise en commun de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces de singes ne soit pas une exception dans un jardin zoologique, Gray ne mentionne dans son ouvrage relatif aux mammif\xc3\xa8res hybrides que quatre exemples seulement de Cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, notamment Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca radiata (Geoffroy), Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca sinica (Linnaeus), Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (Linnaeus) X Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann), et Cercopithecus mitis Wolf X Cercocebus torquatus torquatus (Kerr). J\'apprend par le Dr. E. F. Jacobi, directeur de \xe2\x80\x9eNatura Artis Magistra" \xc3\xa0 Amsterdam, qu\'un couple de cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, compos\xc3\xa9 d\'un m\xc3\xa2le Cercopithecus mona (Schreber) et d\'une femelle Cercopithecus albogularis (Sykes) de ce jardin zoologique a donn\xc3\xa9 naissance aux jeunes suivantes: 2 m\xc3\xa2les n\xc3\xa9s le 11 mai

Description: A sample of fig wasps from New Caledonia, sent to me by Mr. E. J. H.\nCorner, contained a species of Blastophaga Gravenhorst (Agaonidae) and a species of Sycobiella Westwood (Torymidae). The insects were reared from the receptacles of Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. The Blastophaga is of interest because it is the first record of a fig wasp from any Ficus of the section Oreosycea. The species of Sycobiella is the first to become known in both sexes.\nSycobiella boschmai sp. n.\nSeries \xe2\x99\x80, \xe2\x99\x82, ex Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. (det. E. J. H. Corner), Mt. Kogi, New Caledonia, leg. H. S. McKee, 26 December 1960, no. 7797; coll. Museum Leiden, no. 574; holotype (\xe2\x99\x82), slide no. 574b, allotype (\xe2\x99\x80), no. 574a, paratypes (\xe2\x99\x82, \xe2\x99\x80), no. 574c, d, e.\nMale. \xe2\x80\x94 Head (fig. 20) not quite as long as wide. Eyes large. Antennal toruli situated on the dorsal surface, wide apart, with large lateral ridges.\nOcelli absent. Epistomal margin very faintly trilobate, with six stout hairs.\nMandible large, nearly as long as the head, with a subapical tooth (without glands), and a bidentate axial process (with two glands) near the base.\nMaxilla with many long, stout hairs. Maxillary palpus (fig. 1) consisting of two segments, the apical segment nearly twice as long as the basal segment; labial palpus consisting of only one segment.\nAntenna (fig. 11). Scape very large, expanded anteriorly, very shortly stalked; pedicel one fifth the length of the scape; third antennal segment annuliform; the fourth to tenth segments larger, the apical two shaped so as to form a club. Funicular segments with two or three triangular sensilla at the antaxial distal edges, the tenth segment moreover with one sensillum

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe second author in 1959 and 1960 collected aphids in the Netherlands.\nGermany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Southeastern France, Israel and Iran, concentrating on Phyllaphidine ("Callipterine") aphids. Many species were reared and used for small experiments. In the Netherlands, Austria, and during the period of 22 August 1959 to 13 September 1959 in Southern France, the first author took part in the aphid hunt. The resulting material was handed to the first author for preliminary identification.\nA considerable number of undescribed species was discovered. Rather than merely publish the descriptions we have decided to write a more comprehensive paper. The study of some species, e.g., Therioaphis ononidis (Kaltenbach), over their territory gave us an insight into their intraspecific variability and this knowledge could then be applied to such controversial species as Therioaphis trifolii (Monell).\nTHE HISTORY OF THE GENUS THERIOAPHIS WALKER, 1870 F. Walker very briefly described the genus and indicated Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach, 1846, as the type. As according to Doncaster (1961), Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach is still present among Walker\'s slides, no confusion about the type is possible. B\xc3\xb6rner (1949) erected the new genera Triphyllaphis, Pterocallidium and Myzocallidium which will have to be discussed in some detail.\nTriphyllaphis B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, type Triphyllaphis luteola B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, is distinguished from the other genera by the presence of pleural hairs in first instar larvae and adults, and the conical shape and absence of notable pigmentation of the hair-bearing processi in apterae. We can confirm the

Description: In the course of my study of the Thymelaeaceae for the Flora Malesiana, it was surprising to find that the well known Asiatic species Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. is very similar to the Malesian A. malaccensis Lamk, and that the Chinese species Ophiospermum sinense Lour, was transferred to Aquilaria independently by Sprengel (1825), Gilg (1894), and Merrill (1920), with the specific epithet either \xe2\x80\x98chinensis\xe2\x80\x99 or \xe2\x80\x98sinensis\xe2\x80\x99. In order to clarify the status and delimitation of the species concerned, the results of my investigations may follow here.\nAmong the unnamed collections of Thailand Thymelaeaceae received for determination from the Kew Herbarium, two species of Aquilaria were found, a new one, A. subintegra Ding Hou, and a new record for the flora of that country, A. crassna Pierre ex H. Lec.

Description: Sea-grasses are phanerogams which are completely adapted to life in marine waters. They are recruited exclusively from two families, the Potamogetonaceae (7 genera with ca. 35 species) and the Hydrocharitaceae (3 genera with 12 species), and form together an interesting ecological group. Consequently, their taxonomy, morphology, flower biology, and geographic distribution have been much studied, especially by Ascherson (1868, 1889, 1906, 1907), Sauvageau (1890, 1891), Ostenfeld (1915, 1916, 1927), Setchell (1920, 1935), and Miki (1932, 1934). In spite of the work of these eminent investigators the taxonomy of several genera viz. Halodule, Posidonia, Zostera, and Phyllospadix is yet imperfectly known. One of the most serious gaps in our knowledge is no doubt the lack of ecological data; this greatly hampers the judgment of the biometric characters of the species with relation to their usefulness for taxonomical purpose. Less important is the fact that the generative parts of several species are partly or completely unknown.\nThe taxonomy of the genus Halodule, which had been known for a long time under the name Diplanthera has been studied in the scope of the revision of the Potamogetonaceae for the Flora Malesiana. The development of the taxonomy of this genus has been seriously obstructed not only by the difficulties in the interpretation of the slight morphological differences between the species but also by the fact that nearly all investigators based their identifications on the works of Ascherson (1889,1906,1907). According to this author the genus Halodule contains two species: H. uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. and H. wrightii Aschers. Although he mentioned differences in generative and vegetative characters, the difference in geographic distribution he regarded as more important. Specimens from the Indo-Pacific were referred to as H. uninervis and those from the Caribbean were called H. wrightii. The geographic character was stressed in particular by Ostenfeld: \xe2\x80\x9cOn the whole it is not possible to distinguish the two species when sterile, except using their quite different geographical distribution as criterion.\xe2\x80\x9d (1902, p. 262). \xe2\x80\x9cDie zwei Arten der Gattung sind einander so \xc3\xa4hnlich, dass es nicht sicher ist, ob sie als zwei Arten beibehalten werden konnen. Ganz wie beim Artenpaare Halophila Baillonis \xe2\x80\x93 H. decipiens sind die Verbreitungsareale eigentlich das beste Unterscheidungsmerkmal.\xe2\x80\x9d (1927, p. 47). No wonder that the specimens in the herbaria all seem to be identified according to the traditional geographic scheme, even when the morphological characters of the plants de not agree with the species descriptions.

Description: The genus Aphylla was proposed by DE SELYS in 1854, when he divided the Gomphoides Complex into the three genera Gomphoides, Aphylla and Cyclophylla (= Phyllocycla; Zoologica 33, Part 2, p. 62, 1948, Cyclophylla preoccupied). However, the differentiating venational characters drawn up by DE SELYS (1854), by DE SELYSHAGEN (1858), and by NEEDHAM (1940) for the genera Aphylla and Phyllocycla are not sharp, as was discussed by CALVERT in his description of Aphylla alia from Kartabo (Zoologica 33, part 2, p. 66-67, 1948). The males of the Surinam dragon flies which have been referred to the genus Aphylla differ from Phyllocycla in that the postero-lateral angles of the tenth abdominal segment are prolonged in a sharp point; the lateral margins of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are not leaf-like but extremely reduced, to narrow strips; and the distal portion of vein A2 is not strongly convergent with vein A3 but diverges somewhat from it and from vein A1. I believe that these characters place beyond doubt the generic status of the Surinam material in question, which is represented in my collection by adults of three species. Of these species, one is Aphylla producta Selys 1854, already recorded as occurring in Surinam and one is the little known species Aphylla dentata Selys 1859, which has not previously been recorded from this country. The third species is closely allied to the latter and is apparently new; in the present paper it is described under the specific name simulata.

Description: Les P\xc3\xa9nicillates de la famille des Lophoproctid\xc3\xa9s ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 signal\xc3\xa9s de plusieurs Antilles, de Trinidad et de la c\xc3\xb4te v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9zu\xc3\xa9lienne. Abondants \xc3\xa0 la Jama\xc3\xafque (mat\xc3\xa9riaux in\xc3\xa9dits de P. F. BELLINGER, ils sont seuls repr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9s dans les r\xc3\xa9coltes faites au Surinam par le Dr. J. VAN DER DRIFT et nous en poss\xc3\xa9dons aussi un exemplaire du Guatemala. La premi\xc3\xa8re mention est d\xc3\xbbe \xc3\xa0 POCOCK (1894) qui d\xc3\xa9crit son Polyxenus longisetis de Moustique et St.-Vincent (petites Antilles du Vent). La diagnose est tr\xc3\xa8s sommaire et LOOMIS (1934 b), se fondant sur la grande longueur des antennes, sugg\xc3\xa8re que l\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa8ce aurait d\xc3\xbb \xc3\xaatre plac\xc3\xa9e dans le genre Lophoproctus; auparavant (1934 a), LOOMIS avait rapport\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 longisetis des sp\xc3\xa9cimens de Cuba (Jatibonico) et de St.-Kitts (= St.-Christophe, petite Antille du Vent situ\xc3\xa9e au Nord du groupe), aveugles et pourvus d\xe2\x80\x99antennes lophoproctidiennes.\nSILVESTRI (1903) d\xc3\xa9crit sommairement son Lophoproctus obscuriseta du Venezuela (Caracas).

Description: In the course of my researches in Surinam a species of Rhodopygia was often collected, the specimens of which answered fairly closely to Dr. F. RIS\xe2\x80\x99s description of Rhodopygia hollandi in the Libellulinae of the DE SELYS collection.\nHowever, after studying PH. P. CALVERT\xe2\x80\x99s original description of the species in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (1911, Odonata, p. 318\xe2\x80\x94319, tab. 9, fig. 54) I found my species to be manifestly different in kind from Rhodopygia hollandi, and hence the determination with the aid of RIS\xe2\x80\x99s Libellulinae was incorrect.

Description: Recently Dr. I. KRISTENSEN, Director of the Caribbean Marine-Biological Institute at Cura\xc3\xa7ao, kindly donated to the Leiden Natural History Museum a small collection of fishes he collected during a 1961 visit to Trinidad. These specimens proved to be of considerable interest, providing new distributional data and even including two species not listed in my previous review of the freshwater fishes of the island (1960), and induced me to prepare the present paper. The opportunity has been taken in this paper to correct some errors and omissions in the review.\nThe species discussed here are numbered in accordance with my 1960 enumeration, the numbers 2a and 68a being additions.

Description: Single female specimens of dragon flies are often difficult to identify owing to the fact that, when they are known at all, the descriptions are incomplete and mostly lack the essential figure of the genitalia. The following are descriptions of the unknown females of five species, the males of which have been known for the last eighteen to fifty years. They are all complete with figures of the genitalia.\nThe material from which the descriptions have been made has been accumulated during many years of collecting. I am indebted to Mr. J. BELLE, Paramaribo, who was kind enough to place at my disposal, for description, some of the unknown females collected by himself.

Description: In Band V dieser Schriftenfolge, Seite 85\xe2\x80\x94103, habe ich im Rahmen der Gyriniden-Fauna von Gesamt-Guiana die Taumelk\xc3\xa4fer von Suriname erstmals im Zusammenhang behandelt. Dort finden sich auch die wichtigsten Literaturhinweise, weshalb auf deren Wiederholung in dieser Arbeit verzichtet wurde.\nInzwischen wurden mir durch Dr D. C. GEIJSKES die Gyriniden des von ihm verwalteten \xe2\x80\x9cStichting Surinaams Museum\xe2\x80\x9d in Paramaribo zu Bearbeitung anvertraut, welches Material weitere interessante Aufschl\xc3\xbcsse in Hinsicht auf die bereits bekannten Arten ergab und zur Entdeckung von 3 bisher unbekannten Species f\xc3\xbchrte. Hierdurch \xe2\x80\x94 und durch den Nachweis von G. pescheti, Nennform, bisher nur aus Franz. Guiana bekannt \xe2\x80\x94 erh\xc3\xb6ht sich die Anzahl der bis heute in Suriname festgestellten Formen auf 11.

Description: La collection de Collemboles rapport\xc3\xa9e de la Guyane Hollandaise par notre Coll\xc3\xa8gue Monsieur J. VAN DER DRIFT est relativement importante.\nToutefois elle ne comprend que 5 esp\xc3\xa8ces de Collemboles Symphypl\xc3\xa9ones qui seront \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9es ici. La pr\xc3\xa9sente \xc3\xa9tude permettra de constater \xc3\xa0 quel point cette faune est originale et combien il serait int\xc3\xa9ressant de mieux conna\xc3\xaetre la faune tropicale de l\xe2\x80\x99Am\xc3\xa9rique m\xc3\xa9ridionale.

Description: About the middle of the eighteenth century, the question whether the corals originally known only from collections of curiosities were animal, vegetable, or mineral was definitely decided in favour of the first of these categories (MARSILLI 1786).\nDuring the second half of the eighteenth and the entire following century, the former Lithophyta, as a subdivision of the Anthozoa, were an object of study for anatomists, taxonomists and, particularly in the nineteenth century, palaeontologists.

Description: Through the kindness of Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK the author was enabled to study a number of samples from localities in the tidal zone of several West Indian islands. Previously, by courtesy of Dr. T. MORTENSEN, abundant material from some deepwater samples collected off Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands, could be studied, the foraminifera dentata of which were described in 1956. The latter material mainly consisted of dredged samples from a depth of 500 fathoms (17.5\xc2\xb0N and 64\xc2\xb0W), and contained a typical deep-sea fauna. Comparison of MORTENSEN\xe2\x80\x99s and HUMMELINCK\xe2\x80\x99s samples shows marked differences; these may be of importance, as the deep-sea samples and the shallow-water samples are from the same Caribbean area.

Description: In the Lower Palaeozoic where true palynological microfossils become rare, much use can be made of other acid-resistant microfossils such as acritarchs and chitinozoans.\nThis study gives some of the results of an investigation on the presence of acritarchs and chitinozoans in three essentially Lower Palaeozoic formations of the Province of Le\xc3\xb3n in northwest Spain, viz. the Formigoso, the San Pedro, and the La Vid Formations. They range from Upper Llandoverian to the middle part of the Emsian. The techniques used to prepare the samples are discussed.\nThe vertical distribution of the most common acritarchs and chitinozoans in the region investigated are given, as well as the changes of frequency in the associations of some selected groups of acritarchs from a number of sections of the San Pedro and the La Vid Formations. Most formgroups show characteristic changes of frequency providing the possibility of detailed correlation within the formations. The most common forms of acritarchs and chitinozoans used for correlation purposes are described. A list of species may be found on pages 280 and 337. Most of these forms had not yet been recorded.

Description: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF EL BIERZO (NW SPAIN) The purpose of this investigation was to study sedimentation in an intramontane basin in its relation to the relief of the surrounding mountain area.\nEl Bierzo, an intramontane basin in NE Spain, is partly filled by continental Tertiary sediments whose age is thought to be Vindobonian on the basis of comparison with those of the Duero basin. These deposits were analysed by sedimentological methods: determination of grain-size, grain roundness, pebble composition, mineralogy of the light and heavy fractions and of the clays (by x-ray).\nIn some places the Tertiairy deposits overlie deeply weathered Paleozoic rocks, considered to be the C-horizon of paleosols of Tertiary age from which the red and more clayey A and B zones have disappeared. The latter, together with unweathered rocks, are thought to be the source material of the Tertiary beds.\nFive different facies have been distinguished in the Miocene deposits. In the SW there are red-brown conglomerates with pebbles consisting partially of shale (Las M\xc3\xa9dulas facies). The main mass of the basin sediments are mostly silts and clayey silts with some gravels, the sandy fractions again consisting mainly of shale fragments (Santalla facies). These deposits are therefore thought to derive from the the same source as those of Las M\xc3\xa9dulas and to represent the finer fractions which were transported farther. Near the borders of the basin there are some local grey calcareous deposits containing breccias that are assumed to have been formed near faults (Vega de Espinareda facies). On top of the beds in the Santalla facies there are again local conglomerates of a more yellow colour (Fresnedo facies). The Astorga-facies, lastly, forms a transition to the deposits of the Duero basin in the E; it contains red conglomerates as well as sands and silts.\nAmong the clay minerals, illite usually predominates as in the source rocks, but in the stagnant waters of the basin centre montmorillonite was formed as well. Towards the E there is an increasing kaolinite content, and in one case a considerable amount of attapulgite was found. The heavy minerals are for the most part the common resistant species, with the addition of anatase (which occurs in lateritic soils) in the Astorga facies. These facts suggest that the Tertiary soil-forming processes were more intense (i.e. lateritic in type) in the eastern part than in the Bierzo basin proper.\nSedimentation started when some parts of the Miocene relief, covered by a thick soil, began to rise and were partly eroded, and others subsided so as to form an area of sedimentation. Remains of the Early Miocene topography are preserved in various places as surfaces with low relief on which remainders of Tertiary deposits and deep weathering are found. The most important of these is the Bra\xc3\xb1uelas surface, a plateau separating the Bierzo from the Duero basin. This plateau must once have been covered by Miocene sediments, which means that the deposits of both areas were connected and that drainage took place towards the E. After the tectonic movements that affected the Bierzo basin towards the end of the Miocene, the connection was severed and the drainage direction was reversed to the W.\nLater, probably during the Villafranchian, pediments on the lower slopes of the uplifted mountain masses were covered by thin angular gravels(ra\xc3\xb1a\xe2\x80\x99s) and fanglomerates, and the erosion surfaces were remodelled. During the remainder of the Quaternary, five terrace levels were formed in the easily erocable deposits of the Bierzo, and the partial evacuation of the basin deposits was accomplished.

Description: In the present study some problems concerning the stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian in the southernmost strip of the Cantabrian Mountains (Province of Le\xc3\xb3n, Spain) are briefly discussed. This sequence consists of rather uniform and nearly unfossiliferous sandstones, divided by a hiatus of Lower Famennian age into two genitically different unities. An intercalated calcareous lens, the Cr\xc3\xa9menes Limestone, contains a very rich and attractive fauna. Three rhynchonelloid species, belonging to this limestone have been described: Cupularostrum cantabricum n. sp., Ptychomaletoechia cf. gonthieri (Gosselet, 1887) and \xe2\x80\x9eCamarotoechia\xe2\x80\x9d boloniensis (D\xe2\x80\x99Orbigny, 1850). These determinations together with those presented by Comte (1959) may lead te the conclusion that the Cr\xc3\xa9menes Limestone is of lowermost Famennian age and is older than the stratigraphic hiatus.

Description: During the preparation of a report dealing with poecilostomes associated with holothurians, it was found desirable to obtain more information concerning a number of genera formerly described. Through the courtesy of Dr. T.Wolff of the Zoologisk Museum of Copenhagen, I was able to reexamine the type-specimens of Scambicornus hamatus, described by HEEGAARD, 1944, from a Japanese holothurian.

Description: A number of samples collected by the Scotia and Explorer Expeditions in 1950 in the North Atlantic were found among undetermined material left by Dr. J. J. TESCH after his death in 1954. Some interesting specimens in these samples seem to justify their publication. My grateful acknowledgements are tendered to Dr. J. H. FRASER of the Marine Laboratory at Aberdeen, for so kindly giving me full information concerning the samples. The author is also very much indebted to Dr. C. O. VAN REGTEREN ALTENA who lent the material of both expeditions, which is part of the collection of the Leiden Museum.\nTable I gives an enumeration of the species met with and the data concerning the stations. In Fig. 1 the stations are given together with surface currents.

Description: The following species have been reported from the Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Antilles: Margarodes formicarum Guilding, collected in 1884 or 1885 by Prof. W. F. R.\nSuringar in Cura\xc3\xa7ao; specimens in the State Museum of Natural History at Leiden. Protortonia cacti (Linn.), collected in 1756 by Daniel Rolander in St. Eustatius, and described by Linnaeus (1758) and de Geer (1776). Protortonia crotonis n. sp. from Bonaire. Icerya purchasi Maskell from Cura\xc3\xa7ao.\nOrthezia praelonga Douglas, common in Cura\xc3\xa7ao and Aruba. O. insignis Browne is in our collection only represented from St. Eustatius.\nCoccus sp. (not C. agavis Towns. & Ckll.) from Agave in Cura\xc3\xa7ao and St. Martin. Suissetia oleae (Bern.) from Cura\xc3\xa7ao and St. Eustatius. Saissetia coffeae (Walker), syn. S. hemisphaerica (Targ. Tozz.) from Cura\xc3\xa7ao and Aruba. Ceroplastes caesalpiniae n. sp. from dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria) in Cura\xc3\xa7ao. This Ceroplastes is already mentioned by VERSLUYS (1907) as a pest of dividivi, but it seems that the species has not yet been described. Ceroplastes magnicauda n. sp. from Cura\xc3\xa7ao; not identifiable from available literature. Pulvinaria urbicola Ckll. from Cura\xc3\xa7ao and St. Martin. Pulvinaria sp. from Aruba; resembles P. mammeae Maskell, but different. Coccus sp. from Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) in Aruba; material too scanty for identification or description.\nDysmicoccus brevipes (Ckll.) from Bonaire. Ferrisiana virgata (Ckll.) and Phenacoccus solani Ferris from Cura\xc3\xa7ao. Antonina graminis Maskell on the rootcollar of Fimbristylus spathacea (Cyperaceae) in Cura\xc3\xa7ao. Eriococcus curassavicus n. sp. is probably identical with or closely allied to E. tucurincae Laing from Colombia; all female and male stages of the Cura\xc3\xa7ao-species are described. Asterolecanium pustulans Ckll. from Cura\xc3\xa7ao. Conchaspis angraeci Ckll. has been collected in Cura\xc3\xa7ao by G. E. Bodkin.\nAspidiotus destructor Sign, from Bonaire. Acutaspis scutiformis (Ckll.), Aonidiella orientalis (Newst.), and Lepidosaphes alba Ckll. frcm Aruba. Unaspis citri (Comstock), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), and L. gloverii (Packard) are common on Citrus in Cura\xc3\xa7ao. Diaspis echinocacti (Bouch\xc3\xa9) from Opuntia in Cura\xc3\xa7ao. Pseudaulacaspis peutagona (Targ. Tozz.) from Aruba and St. Eustatius. Hemiberlesia diffinis Newst. was found on dividi in Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley); label not legible, but certainly from the Dutch Antilles; this species is already reported by VAN HALL (1905) from Cura\xc3\xa7ao.\nThe 4 new species, Eriococcus curassavicus, Protortonia crotonis, Ceroplastes caesalpiniae, and C. magnicauda are described above.\nAn aphid from Bonaire was identified by Mr. D. Hille Ris Lambers as Aphis nerii Fonsc., and an aleyrodid from Cura\xc3\xa7ao by Miss Louise M. Russell as Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Back).

Description: In and around wooded areas P. h. javanicus feeds almost entirely on berries and pulpy fruits, perhaps rarely on small, slow animals. It does not damage the seeds it swallows and which it deposits later, up to a few kilometers from the tree wherefrom it took the fruit. The deposited seeds are fully germinable and cleansed of the adhering fruit meat, thus preventing possible destruction of the germ through moulds. Notably for some palm seeds \xe2\x80\x94 such as those of the sugar palm \xe2\x80\x94 passage through the Tody Cat\xe2\x80\x99s intestinal tract seems necessary for rendering them germinable. A typical habit seems to be its accomplishing an auto-peristaltic movement whenever it arrives at an open spot, a fresh earthslide or the like. Right here it prefers to deposit its droppings and in so doing start reforestation.\nFor many seeds it is the only agent performing this service. Its usefulness in this respect is hardly known, much less appreciated and honoured.\nIts alleged rapacity as to poultry is definitely exaggerated, probably false, and certainly needs scientific investigation and proof. The quantity of consumption-fruit it takes from man-owned fruit trees must be considered trivial as compared to what other animals take, and for which it is too often blamed.\nThe evidence available strongly supports the desirability to protect Paradoxurus hermaphroditus javanicus against indiscriminate killing.

Description: Recently the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam came into possession of three specimens of the White-beaked Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris. As data on this species are rather scarce, it may be useful to publish a few notes on these animals.\nThe first dolphin, a female, was caught in the North Sea at 7.3 miles N.N.W. from IJmuiden (about 52\xc2\xb0 34\xe2\x80\x99 N, 4\xc2\xb0 30\xe2\x80\x99 E) at the end of November 1958 by a commercial fish-trawler. The animal was obtained by the Netherlands Whale Research Group T.N.O. (Prof. dr. E. J. Slijper and Drs. W. L. van Utrecht), Amsterdam, for anatomical studies. Afterwards the skull and the complete skeleton were presented to the Zoological Museum. The dolphin was pregnant, its fetus weighed 1.5 kg. This specimen bears the registration number ZMA 2483.

Description: En montant de Bourg Madame (Pyr\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9es Orientales) au Col de Puymorens en Cerdagne fran\xc3\xa7aise on passe, sur l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9boulis de la falaise dans la vall\xc3\xa9e du Carol, les champs cultiv\xc3\xa9s de Courbasil. Un peu en aval du village le long de la route nationale 20, on trouve des champs abandonn\xc3\xa9s o\xc3\xb9 la v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9tation est en train de reprendre ses droits. Ici, parmi d\xe2\x80\x99autres plantes, poussent Crataegus spec., Prunus spinosa L. et Eryngium campestre L. Or, en 1960 et 1961, sur ces plantes, avec de nombreux exemplaires d\xe2\x80\x99. \xe2\x80\x99Ephippiger cunii Bolivar var. jugicola Bolivar, nous trouv\xc3\xa2mes des individus d\xe2\x80\x99un Steropleurus inconnu. Beaucoup d\xe2\x80\x99exemplaires de notre jolie esp\xc3\xa8ce \xc3\xa9taient l\xc3\xa0, pos\xc3\xa9s sur les feuilles, se chauffant au soleil. Comme leur couleur vert bleu\xc3\xa2tre correspondait parfaitement avec la couleur des feuilles d\xe2\x80\x99 \xe2\x80\x99Eryngium campestre, il \xc3\xa9tait tr\xc3\xa8s difficile de les d\xc3\xa9couvrir lorsqu\xe2\x80\x99ils se trouvaient sur cette plante.\nEn 1961, nous trouv\xc3\xa2mes \xc3\xa9galement, cette fois en petit nombre, cette esp\xc3\xa8ce sur des arbustes de Prunus spinosa bordant les champs de Valceboll\xc3\xa8re dans la vall\xc3\xa9e du Van\xc3\xa9ra.

Description: Artificial distribution patterns of animals and plants may be defined as those caused or fostered deliberately or accidentally by man. Consequently we can distinguish two types of artificial distribution, viz., that of animals accidentally distributed by man (rats, mice, insects, slugs, etc.) and that of animals deliberately transported by man (domestic and pet animals; species involved in transmission of game animals and biological control of insects and plants, etc.). A considerable proportion of accidentally transported animals is made up of non-marine molluscs and it appears that there are few countries on the seaboard that have not yet experienced the immigration of some foreign pulmonate. Accidental transport, invasion and establishment can only be successful in species which have a wide ecological tolerance; not only must they be able to survive the voyage, but in their new country they usually have to adapt themselves to a different climate, soil and vegetation, while at the same time having to compete with the indigenous fauna for available ecological niches. All immigrant animal species are subject to these factors, which have been proven to be of prime importance in South Africa by the (abundant) survival and proliferation of adaptable bird species such as Passer domesticus, Sturnus vulgaris and Acridotheres tristis, as opposed to the disappearance of less adaptable species such as Turdus ericetorum and T. merula.\nAmong all countries in Southern Africa (the subcontinent south of the Zambezi and Cunene Rivers), South Africa proper has had more than its share of these migrations. Various authors have dealt with immigrant molluscs (e.g., BARNARD, 1948; BIGALKE, 1937; CONNOLLY, 1916, 1939; D\xc3\x9cRR, 1946; FORCART, 1963; JOUBERT & WALTERS, 1951; WALD\xc3\x89N, 1961) but more information has been obtained recently. At the present the list stands at 24 species belonging to eleven families of the subclass Gastropoda Pulmonata (dates of introduction or first discovery added between brackets): 1. Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (1944), 2. Physastra dispar (Sowerby, 1873) (so far in aquarium tanks only, 1944), 3. Vallonia pulchella (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (1846), 4. Arion hortensis F\xc3\xa9russac, 1819 (before 1939), 5. Arion intermedius Normand, 1852 (1898), 6. Vitrea cristallina (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (1890), 7. Oxychilus alliarius (Miller, 1822) (\xc2\xb1 1894), 8. Oxychilus cellarius (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (1846), 9. Oxychilus draparnaudi (Beck, 1837) (\xc2\xb1 1908), 10. Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816) (before 1912), 11. Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801)\xc2\xb9) (1873, or even before 1848), 12. Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 (before 1900), 13. Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 (1900), 14. Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 (before 1939), 15. Limax valentianus F\xc3\xa9russac, 1823 (1961), 16. Deroceras caruanae (Pollonera, 1891) (1963), 17. Deroceras laevis (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (before 1898), 18. Deroceras reticulatus (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (before 1898), 19. Subulina octona (Brugui\xc3\xa8re, 1792) (1905), 20. Testacella maugei (F\xc3\xa9russac, 1819) (before 1893), 21. Bradybaena similaris (F\xc3\xa9russac, 1821) (\xc2\xb1 1860), 22. Cochlicella ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801) (1909), 23. Theba pisana (M\xc3\xbcller, 1774) (1881), 24. Helix aspersa M\xc3\xbcller, 1774 (\xc2\xb1 1854).

Description: It is of importance to know the history of zoological museum collections for it gives information about the trustworthiness of the habitat and the determination of the specimens in the collection. Mrs. Tera van der Feenvan Benthem Jutting, to whom this publication is dedicated, now that she is leaving the museum, has given an excellent account of the mollusc collection, which she had in care for so many years.\nIn this short paper I shall try to give some information about the history of the ichthyological collections and specially of Bleeker\xe2\x80\x99s collection.

Description: The parasitic copepod Pseudomyicola spinosus (Raff. & Mont.) has been found recently at Arcachon on the atlantic coast of France in the mussel, Mylilus edulis.\nComparison of material from Split (Jugoslavia), found in littoral Mytilus galloprovincialis, and belonging to Pseudomyicola spinosus spinosus, with figures by LAUBIER & REYSS (1964) of certain subspecies found in Pleria hirundo and Pinna pectinata, living in greater depths at Banyuls, on the French Mediterranean coast and named P. spinosus stocki and P. spinosus petiti respectively, shows that the material from Arcachon belongs to the same subspecies as that from Split, thus to P. spinosus spinosus.\nThe typical form of P. spinosus has a wide distribution: the littoral of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Europe.\nComparison with material from Beaufort (N.C.), U.S.A., confirms the suggestion made by STOCK (1959) that P. glaber Pearse is a synonym of P. spinosus (Raff. & Mont.). This being so, the area of P. spinosus is even more extended, viz. both coasts of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Description: In a previous paper (Van Laar, 1961) the female genitalia of the species of Depressaria Hw. s.l. occurring in the Netherlands have been dealt with. In the present paper the male genitalia of these species will be treated. Although Hannemann (1953, 1954, 1958) already described the male genitalia of the species of Depressaria occurring in Europe, it was thought to be worth while to give here a survey of the male genitalia of the Dutch species, supplementing that of the female genitalia, in order to help students to discriminate between these rather uniform species.\nIn view of the complexity of these structures the most efficient way seemed to present elaborate illustrations and abbreviate the descriptions.\nIn the present work the classification used in the first paper is followed, viz., the division of Depressaria s.l. into a number of groups of generic status, of which Depressaria Haworth s.s., Agonopterix H\xc3\xbcbner, and Levipalpus Hannemann are represented in the Netherlands.\nA sketch of the male genitalia in ventral aspect is given in fig. 1. The valvae are bent backward. More exactly, the right side of the drawing gives an impression of the situation as is generally found in Depressaria, the left side as is found in Agonopterix. For the structures of the genitalia the terminology of Pierce (1909) is used.\nOf certain species studied only limited material was available which made it difficult to get an insight of the variability of the genital characters within the species. Of certain species no male material from Dutch localities could be obtained; the genitalia of these species are described and figured after material from abroad.\nAs to the wing venation, Agonopterix and Levipalpus show the same

Description: During the summers of 1962 and 1963 the Geologisch en Mineralogisch Instituut of Leiden University and the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden carried out a joint exploration of the geology, oceanography and biology of Ria de Arosa, a fiord-like bay in northwestern Spain, north of Vigo. These investigations were not confined to the Ria proper, but also included the affluent rivers like the Rio Ulla and Rio Umia. These explorations will be continued in 1964.\nIn July 1963 a specimen of a peculiar isopod was found by the oceanographic party when exploring the Rio Ulla, a river emptying in the northeastern corner of the Ria de Arosa. This find caused the biologists to give more attention to the locality where the animal was caught and many more specimens were obtained there during a trip specially organized for the purpose.\nA study of the collected material revealed that the isopods are Valvifera belonging to the subfamily Mesidoteinae of the family Idoteidae. However, they could not be fitted into any of the known genera of this subfamily and consequently are described here as constituting a new genus and species.\nThe facts that (1) the species is not rare in the type locality, (2) the specimens are of good size, measuring up to 15 mm, and (3) they inhabit a habitat which is neither unusual nor difficult to explore, make it difficult to understand why the present form has not been discovered before. As the type locality is not very close to any big harbour, it seems unlikely that the species has been accidentally introduced there from somewhere else.\nA thorough exploration of other brackish waters along the European southwest coast may show that the species also occurs elsewhere in that area.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nDans sa monographie pourtant tr\xc3\xa8s compl\xc3\xa8te de Sacculina carcini Thompson, publi\xc3\xa9e en 1884, Delage ne traite pas de l\'\xc3\xa9tude embryologique de cette esp\xc3\xa8ce. Il ne se d\xc3\xa9sint\xc3\xa9ressait pas pour autant de ce sujet sur lequel il exprimait son intention de revenir \xe2\x80\x9eplus tard, dans un moment opportun".\nLes seules recherches d\'embryologie descriptive ant\xc3\xa9rieures \xc3\xa0 l\'\xe2\x80\x9e\xc3\x89volution de la Sacculine" sont dues \xc3\xa0 Van Beneden (1869-1870). Van Beneden a bien vu la division totale de l\'oeuf en deux, puis en quatre blastom\xc3\xa8res \xc3\xa8gaux, mais l\'impossibilit\xc3\xa9 o\xc3\xb9 il s\'est trouv\xc3\xa9 de suivre la division des noyaux l\'a conduit \xc3\xa0 consid\xc3\xa9rer qu\'il y avait, apr\xc3\xa8s ce stade, s\xc3\xa9paration de \xe2\x80\x9equatre cellules embryonnaires sous forme de petits globes protoplasmiques pourvus chacun d\'un noyau. Les quatre grands globes fonc\xc3\xa9s, form\xc3\xa9s d\'\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9ments tr\xc3\xa8s r\xc3\xa9fringents, ne repr\xc3\xa9sentent plus des cellules; aussi, se fondent-ils bient\xc3\xb4t l\'un dans l\'autre de fa\xc3\xa7on \xc3\xa0 former un amas unique d\'\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9ments nutritifs".\nIl est certain que ces r\xc3\xa9sultats paraissaient peu satisfaisants \xc3\xa0 Delage qui consid\xc3\xa9rait l\'embryologie de la Sacculine comme \xe2\x80\x9eloin d\'\xc3\xaatre connue".\nCependant, sollicit\xc3\xa9 par beaucoup d\'autres sujets, Delage ne devait jamais reprendre cette \xc3\xa9tude.\nEn 1904, Abric faisait para\xc3\xaetre une courte note dans laquelle il consid\xc3\xa8re la division de l\'oeuf de Sacculine comme \xe2\x80\x9etotale et in\xc3\xa9gale", le stade 2 \xc3\xa9tant figur\xc3\xa9 par un macrom\xc3\xa8re et un microm\xc3\xa8re tous deux riches en vitellus. Le macrom\xc3\xa8re diminuant de taille et le microm\xc3\xa8re augmentant de taille, il en r\xc3\xa9sulterait deux cellules \xc3\xa9gales. Abric constate ult\xc3\xa9rieurement la formation de stades \xc3\xa0 nombre impair de blastom\xc3\xa8res (3, 5, 7), due au fait que souvent

Description: Since 1896, about seventy-two species of aphids have been described from this part of India by different workers. The species so far described are distributed over about forty-two genera. The present paper brings the number of species to seventy-four and that of the genera to forty-three.\nLachnus titabarensis nov. spec.\nApterous viviparous female. \xe2\x80\x94 Body pyriform, about 2.4 to 2.6 mm long, with about 1.3 to 1.5 mm as maximum width. Abdominal tergites brownish, wrinkled, with a row of small pleural patches on either side; base of siphunculus surrounded by a large brownish patch. Hairs on the dorsum of the abdomen on small circular sclerites (mostly broken), stout; most of the hairs with long acute apices, a few with acuminate apices; the shorter ones caudad, a very few of such hairs with deeply furcated apices (fig. 1); the longest of the entire hairs may be up to 22/3 times as long as the basal diameter of segment III, the shortest furcated hair is up to about 11/4 times as long as the diameter mentioned. Dorsal hairs on the head rather fine, and with acute apices. The antennae are slightly lighter in colour than the head, which is dark brown, excepting the basal 2/3 of segment III, which is still lighter; segment III smooth basad, the rest of the flagellum gradually more distinctly imbricated from base to apex; segment III up to about 7/12 the length of segments IV, V, and VI taken together; segments IV and V subequal; processus terminalis slightly less than half the length of the base of the segment (5/11); hairs on segment III with finely drawn apices, up to about 2 to 22/3 times as long as the basal diameter of the segment. The apex of the rostrum bluntish, reaching a little beyond the second coxae; segments 4 + 5 up to about 7/8 the length of the second segment of the

Description: 9. DESCRIPTION D\'UNE NOUVELLE ESP\xc3\x88\nCE DE DEROCERAS DES ENVIRONS DE\nGRENADE 1) M\xc3\xaame pour celui qui ne dispose pas d\'une voiture, la ville de Grenade est un magnifique centre d\'excursions. Les trams et autobus permettent au naturaliste de sortir de la ville en toutes directions et de commencer ses promenades en pleine campagne. Pendant un s\xc3\xa9jour \xc3\xa0 Grenade en avril 1960 je me suis servi quelques fois du tram \xc3\xa9lectrique qui monte la Sierra Nevada vers le sudest et dont le terminus, La Maitena, est un hameau situ\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 une hauteur de 1100 m au dessus de la mer. Le 10 avril en partant de La Maitena nous avons, ma fille et moi, escalad\xc3\xa9 la montagne vers le sud et apr\xc3\xa8s avoir mont\xc3\xa9 plusieurs centaines de m\xc3\xa8tres, j\'ai consacr\xc3\xa9 une demie heure \xc3\xa0 la recherche de mollusques. Ici, \xc3\xa0 une hauteur que j\'estime \xc3\xa0 environ 1500 m, la v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9tation n\'\xc3\xa9tait pas tr\xc3\xa8s abondante: \xc3\xa7\xc3\xa0 et l\xc3\xa0 un arbre ou un arbuste et puis des herbes qui ne couvraient le sol qu\'en partie (pl. VIII). Le long du lit dess\xc3\xa9ch\xc3\xa9 d\'un ruisseau la v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9tation \xc3\xa9tait plus dense et c\'est l\xc3\xa0 que sous une pierre je trouvai deux limaces, le seul butin de ma chasse.\nL\'\xc3\xa9tude de ces animaux m\'a convaincu qu\'il s\'agit d\'une esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle.\nJe me ferai un plaisir de la d\xc3\xa9dier au professeur Hilbrand Boschma \xc3\xa0 l\'occasion de son 7oe anniversaire. Qu\'il veuille consid\xc3\xa9rer cette d\xc3\xa9dicace comme un t\xc3\xa9moignage de ma reconnaissance de l\'appui qu\'il m\'a apport\xc3\xa9 tant de fois et dans des circonstances si diverses.\nLes deux animaux furent conserv\xc3\xa9s en alcool de 70 degr\xc3\xa9s apr\xc3\xa8s avoir \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tendus par immersion dans l\'eau pendant une nuit. La description se rapporte aux sp\xc3\xa9cimens ainsi conserv\xc3\xa9s.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nMr. Austin Hobart Clark, a personal friend of Dr. H. Boschma and during many years curator of the collections of Echinoderms in the U.S. National Museum (Smithsonian Institution), died on October 28, 1954, before his study of the collection of Ophiuroidea from the Snellius Expedition could be completed. A large part of this collection, identified by Mr. Clark, is now preserved in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; a minor portion of the Ophiurid collection still awaits its revisor. Amongst the identified material there are two new species, the descriptions and drawings of which were finished by Mr. Clark before his decease. These were found amongst papers of the late Mr. Clark in the U.S. National Museum by Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr. and kindly placed at our disposal for publication in Dr. Boschma\'s jubilee volume. Both species are based on single specimens (holotypes), now preserved in the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.\nOphiarachna snelliusi sp. nov. (fig. 1) Description. \xe2\x80\x94 The disk is pentagonal, 11 mm in diameter, and the arms, which are separated at their bases by about twice their width, are slowly and evenly tapering, and 55 mm long.\nThe disk is densely covered with small granules which continue on the oral side as far as the oral shields and run out over the arm bases as far as the seventh side arm plate. The radial shields are very small, oval, half again as long as broad, situated on the edge of the disk on each side of the extension of the granules over the arm bases.\nThe oral shields are about as long as broad, triangular, with the inner

Description: Dedicated to Professor H. Boschma on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.\n\nINTRODUCTION\nThe family Burhinidae or Stone Curlews, consists of large ploverlike birds which have no hind toe, long yellow legs with thickened tibiotarsal joints, hence the sometimes used popular name of "thickknee". The head is relatively big and very round and the eye is yellow, large and very striking.\nThe bill is short and stout. The plumage is very cryptic when the bird is at rest, but in flight or in postures with wings raised a rather striking contrasty pattern becomes visible in the wing.\nAll members of this family are nocturnal in their habits and during the day time they often squat on the ground among rocks and vegetation and are then difficult to spot unless they move. Stone Curlews are mostly found in tropical and temperate regions and they are represented by two species on the African continent. These two species are Burhinus vermiculatus (Cabanis) and B. capensis (Lichtenstein). The main difference between these two species is the fact that B. vermiculatus has a distinct pale bar bordered by a somewhat darker area on the inward edge, on each of the wings. B. capensis lacks this bar. The European species B. oedicnemus (L.) is very similar to B. vermiculatus and also has the bar.\nOf the two African species B. vermiculatus is never found far from water, hence its South African name of Water Dikkop. B. capensis, popularly called the Cape Dikkop, occurs in dry situations. Little to nothing is known about the behaviour of the former and we are only slightly better informed about the behaviour of the latter.

Description: Acanthochondria Oakley is a genus of parasitic copepods, the members of which usually cling to the gills or gill arches of fishes, or to the mucous membrane of their buccal cavity, or to the inner surface of their operculum.\nTwo new species of this genus recently obtained in Japan are described here in some detail.\nAcanthochondria yui sp. nov. (figs. 1, 2) Occurrence. \xe2\x80\x94 On the operculum, the gill arches and the roof of the buccal cavity of Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel), taken at the estuary of the river Aikawa, Tsu, Japan, by Mr. K. Mori. 19 females on one host, 22 on another; each associated with a male. One of the females from the former lot is selected the holotype.\nFemale. \xe2\x80\x94 The colour is whitish, the egg tubes are white. The length from the head to the abdomen is 5.53 mm, that from the head to the caudal lobe of the fourth segment 6.00 mm, the width across the third segment is 2.66 mm, the egg tube measures 4.27 mm.\nThe head is ovoidal, slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly, and as long as the next two segments combined. The first thoracic segment is cylindrical, short, and somewhat narrower than the head. The second segment is a little broader than the head, with round sides, and is separated from the adjoining segments, both in front and behind, by lateral notches. The third and fourth segments are swollen, strongly widening, and separated from each other by a pair of lateral constrictions. They are well convex on the sides, and subequal to each other both in length and in width; their combined length on the midline equals that of the rest of the body, and their width reaches twice that of the head. The fourth segment has a pair of linguiform lobes, extending backwards for some distance beyond the terminal

Description: In July 1961 a trip was made to Sicily, with the main object to collect insects. Collecting was mainly done in two localities, which will be more extensively dealt with below. Descriptions of four new species of Syrphid flies, and descriptive notes and records of other species will be given after the field observations.\n\nFIELD OBSERVATIONS\n(1) The southeastern slope of Mount Etna, 1400-2950 m. We captured our material from 50 m below the Albergo Etna upwards in a Castanea forest, in the region around Rifugio Filiciusa in pine forest, and around both ends of the Funicolare Etna. In the field the going was difficult, especially in old lavastreams, due to loose lava rock of all sizes and in all positions. Even 100 year old lavastreams (1860) had scanty vegetation.\nThe region was very dry. The only water we found was in the closed well of Rifugio Filiciusa where many social Hymenoptera sucked spilled water, and in two small open cement tanks at the upper end of Funicolare Etna.\nA very good method for the capture of flies was discovered by accident.\nWe observed during our meals that many flies (Syrphidae and Bombyliidae) were attracted by our transparent shiny plastic foil and evidently by mistake took it for water. The folds in the plastic glittered in the sunlight like ripples. The flies landed on the edge or near it and then walked towards it and tried to drink. Especially specimens of the Eristalis group hovered over it in number. Later on we deliberately used it as bait with much success. This method, of course, will only do in dry regions. We had no success in our second locality near a lake in the mountains. When dulled by lava dust our plastic lost its attraction. Dull plastic did not work.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nIn 1956 Kinne (1956, p. 257) published the description of a new athecate hydroid, Perigonimus megas, discovered by him in the Nordostseekanal, a canal connecting the North Sea with the Baltic. Kinne\'s new species resembles a well known and widely distributed fresh- and brackish-water hydroid, Cordylophora caspia (Pallas), in fact the resemblance between both species, though belonging to two different families of athecate hydroids (Perigonimus megas to the Bougainvilliidae; Cordylophora caspia to the Clavidae) is such that confusion is likely to occur and Kinne pointed out two occasions where the species have been confused by students of hydroids from the Netherlands. Both cases will be discussed below. The fact that on one of these occasions I have myself confused both species and contributed to the confusions arising from the misidentification, has prompted me to go through all available material of both species in the collections of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam (Z.M.A.), the collections of the Division for Delta1) research of the Hydrobiological Institute, (= Delta Institute), Yerseke (D.I.), and the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (R.M.N.H.). These studies brought forward the surprising result that Kinne\'s Perigonimus megas was a very common species in the former Zuiderzee, where it has now completely disappeared.\nThe study of the very abundant material from the Netherlands has shown that both species, in well preserved form and especially when bearing gonophores, can be separated without any difficulty. The well

Description: Routine examination of the bird collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie reveals, from time to time, the presence of unnamed subspecies. Four of these, from the Moluccas and from New Guinea, are described here. I am well aware that the detached description of some new subspecies is not a very valuable contribution to systematic ornithology, and usually try to incorporate descriptions in larger papers and revisions. The subspecies concerned belong, however, to species that are well-known or have been revised recently, so that little would be gained by postponing their descriptions.\nI am indebted to Dr. Dean Amadon for the loan of material of Ailur\xc6\xa1edus buccoides stonii from the collections of the American Museum of Natural History.\nTanysiptera galatea boanensis subspecies nova Diagnosis. \xe2\x80\x94 Adult birds differ from the adjacent races T. g. nais G. R.\nGray and T. g. acis Wallace, in that the whole crown is azureous blue; moreover several feathers on the anterior part of the back have azureous edges.\nIn both nais and acis, the central and anterior parts of the crown are blueviolet, and the anterior part of the back is violet. The new race has the scapulars paler azureous in colour than the two other races.\nMaterial. \xe2\x80\x94 \xe2\x99\x82 ad., type of subspecies, RMNH regd. no. 35579; \xe2\x99\x80 ad., \xe2\x99\x80 juv., all collected in 1863 on Boano by D. S. Hoedt.\nDistribution. \xe2\x80\x94 Confined to the island of Boano, off the north-west coast of Ceram.\nRemarks. \xe2\x80\x94 These birds were compared with a large series of T. g. nais, but only a single adult male of T. g. acis was available for comparison. The

Description: A specimen of the ground sloth discovered by Mr. P. Stuiver in Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Paulocnus petrifactus Hooijer (1962), recently dressed from the matrix by Mr. P. H. de Buisonj\xc3\xa9, comprises the front part of the mandible and the left half of the rostrum of the skull. It holds the left upper and right lower caniniform teeth as well as the first and second right lower cheek teeth, while the first and parts of the second left cheek teeth are in occlusion. The specimen is shown on pl. X; the mandible is presented in dorsal view in fig. 1.\nFig. 1. Paulocnus petrifactus Hooijer, top view of mandible, nat. size.\nW. C. G. Gertenaar del.\nI have recently been able to compare the specimen with originals of the Cuban ground sloths Megalocnus rodens Leidy, Mesocnus browni Matthew, and Acratocnus antillensis (Matthew) as well as with the Puerto Rican Acratocnus odontrigonus Anthony when visiting the American Museum of Natural History in New York City under the auspices of the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Research (Z.W.O.). I am indebted to Dr. Edwin H. Colbert, Chairman, and Dr. Malcolm C. McKenna, Curator of Mammals in the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology of the American Museum, for permission to study these fossils and for generous hospitality.\nThe front end of the mandible of Paulocnus is now available for the first time; this portion differs greatly among the West Indian sloths, the symphyseal tongue being absent in Megalocnus, rather long, decurved, and spatulate in Mesocnus, and short and roughly pointed in Acratocnus. The condition seen in Paulocnus resembles that in Mesocnus rather more than that in the other genera; the tongue is elongated only to a slightly less extent

Description: INTRODUCTION\nAfter the manuscript of my paper on Problemacaris (Gordon, 1960), had gone to press, Dr. R. B. Pike sent me notes and drawings of a larva that had been obtained by the "Sarsia" on 14 November 1957 and which he and Dr. D. I. Williamson had examined. When I told these two zoologists that this larva was apparently an older stage of one that I had just described, they decided not to proceed any further with their joint paper, and sent the larva for inclusion in the British Museum Collection.\nHowever, Dr. Williamson and I did have some correspondence relating to the possible identity of the larva and we thought we had got a clue to the real adult. But it was hoped that an older larva might be found which could be quite conclusive, and I only added a note to some of the reprints of my paper that I sent to individuals likely to be interested in the question.\nThen on December 12, 1962 Dr. Vagn Hansen of Copenhagen came to see me and informed me that Problemacaris larvae were moderately common and that he had seen specimens from as far afield as New Zealand. He also assured me that the larva has the curious habit of constructing "nests" from a radiolarian belonging to the family Thalassothamnidae (cf. Haecker, 1908). I told him what I thought was the probable adult genus to which this larval genus was referable, and asked him if he had seen an older stage than the "Sarsia" larva. He promised to send me the specimens that he had for study. However, he had to go to New Delhi; when he returned to Denmark on a rather brief visit, he looked out ten tubes of supposed larvae. But, when I came to examine these tubes, I found that only six of them had each a Problemacaris larva. Another tube had what may be a "nest" but

Description: This communication has been divided in three sections. Section A deals with the types of some taxa belonging to the genera Triscolia, Megascolia and Scolia; section B deals with the species of the genera Triscolia and Megascolia; a third section dealing with the species of the genus Scolia will be published separately in the next volume of this journal.\nLists of the species belonging to these genera and many of their synonyms are added.\nSECTION A.\nTYPES OF SOME TAXA BELONGING TO THE GENERA\n\nTRISCOLIA AND SCOLIA\nIt has been accepted as a fact by Sherborn\'s Nomenclator Zoologicus, by the Prussian Academy\'s Nomenclator Zoologicus, and by taxonomists, that the taxa Discolia and Triscolia were established by De Saussure & Sichel, 18642). It has likewise been accepted that Ashmead, 1903, had properly designated Scolia apicicornis Gu\xc3\xa9rin, an Ethiopian species, to be the typespecies of Discolia, and that Bartlett, 1912, had correctly designated Scolia flavifrons Fabr. to be the type-species of Triscolia. Without adequate study of S. apicicornis, a little-known species, it has been assumed that it belonged to the same taxon as S. quadripunctata Fabr., the type-species of Scolia.\nTherefore Discolia came to rest as a junior subjective synonym of Scolia.\nThe senior author has recently observed that De Saussure anticipated the joint publication of these names by using them in a paper published in the preceding year, 1863. He placed two species in Discolia, namely Scolia nobilitata Fabr. and Scolia consors Saussure. We now select S. nobilitata to be the type-species of that taxon. De Saussure included only S. badia Saussure in Triscolia, which is therefore the type-species by monotypy.

Description: The writer ascertains the existence of a fairly large number of Old World Gomphidae exhibiting a mixture of admittedly epigomphine and gomphine characters; he emphasizes the point that certain features hitherto considered of primary importance can no longer be used as a basis for subfamily grouping. Examples are given of intermediate genera whose proper allocation cannot even be estimated, for which reason the segregation of the Epigomphinae is considered ill-founded and must be suspended.

Description: Though the number of species of macrurous Decapoda known from subterranean waters is rather extensive, there are surprisingly few species of crabs that have been found in that habitat. Wolf (1934: 105, 106) listed only four species of Brachyura, three of which are epigeal forms, which had only accidentally entered subterranean waters.\nHartnoll (1964: 79; in press) made it clear that at that time only three species of crabs could be considered to be truly troglobic: Sesarma jacobsoni Ihle, 1912, which so far is only known from caves in Central Java, Sesarma verleyi Rathbun, 1914, from caves in Jamaica, and Typhlopseudothelphusa mocinoi Rioja, 1953, from a cave in Chiapas, S.E. Mexico. The last mentioned species, which belongs to the family Pseudothelphusidae, is a typical troglobiont, being blind, unpigmented and with very long and slender legs. The two Sesarma species (family Grapsidae) also are adapted to cave life, but to a lesser degree: the eyes are present, though small, with the cornea reduced but still pigmented, and the legs are conspicuously lengthened; the colour in life of S. verleyi, according to Hartnoll (1964; in press), is pale bluish white. The colour of living specimens of S. jacobsoni is unknown, but preserved material is quite pale. S. jacobsoni and S. verleyi, though originating from widely distant localities resemble each other very conspicuously.\nIn the present paper a third cavernicolous species of Sesarma is described.\nIt shows a close resemblance to both S. verleyi and S. jacobsoni, but is still less typically adapted to subterranean life.\nSesarma (Sesarma) cerberus new species (fig. 1, 2, 3a, b) Material examined. \xe2\x80\x94 Cave on the island Nusa Lain, just west of Amboina,

Description: Spilomyia boschmai nov. spec.\nFemale. \xe2\x80\x94 Length about 16 mm. The eyes are bare, brown, with a dark marginal area and a dark longitudinal band just behind the middle; furthermore a number of dark specks is present, especially in the anterior half. The face is bright yellow, without a dark median line; it is covered as far as the bases of the antennae with rather long, erect, yellow hairs. The frons is yellow with a black median stripe extending from the black vertex to the implantation of the antennae on the antennal tubercle; in the paratype, however, the base of the antennal tubercle is yellow, interrupted in the middle with black. The pubescence of the frons is shorter than that of the face and is of a black colour. The black median stripe broadens ventrally; over its entire length the breadth is about \xe2\x85\x93 of the total breadth of the frons. The vertex is covered with longish black hairs which have the upper half curved forwards. The ocelli are brown and are arranged in an equilateral triangle.\nThe occiput is dusty gray and bears a row of short black bristles, behind which there is a row of longer black hairs. The antennae are brown; the third segment being slightly darker dorsally, it is rounded and about as long as the second segment. The arista is pale brown, it is longer than the antenna.\nThe thorax is dull black with the usual colour-pattern. The yellow longitudinal lines are about parallel, their tops, which are somewhat narrowed, are slightly converging; the two posterior lines are fused to a crescentshaped spot. The pubescence is short, largely black and about erect; at the yellow areas the hairs are yellow. The pleura are black, somewhat shining, with 5 yellow spots; the pubescence is of a predominantly pale colour. The last yellow spot is much larger than the second last. The pteropleuron shows

Description: There is a reason for adding to the series "Pleistocene vertebrates from Celebes", which was brought to a conclusion just a decade ago, and which has since been summarized, with bibliographic references, e.g., in Van Heekeren (1957) and Hooijer (1959, 1960). The discovery of a pygmy stegodont in the island of Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands (Hooijer, 1964) brought me to a reconsideration of the evidence for a pygmy Stegodon in Celebes, which was considered inconclusive at the time, and restudy of all the fragmentary specimens in the Celebes collection not included in the published reports. As a result, all doubt concerning its status is removed; the Celebes Stegodon is decidedly smaller than Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin from Java. The evidence will be presented in the pages that follow; it rounds off the account of the Pleistocene Celebes vertebrates.\nThe pygmy elephantine Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer (1949), nearly all the dental elements of which (including premolars and the lower tusk) are now known, is not the only proboscidean in the Pleistocene fauna of Celebes. In 1953 descriptions and figures were given of two unmistakable Stegodon molars (Hooijer, 1953), a left lower and a right upper, with basal widths of 60-63 mm, wider than the last molars of Archidiskodon celebensis (42-52 mm in M3, 41-44 mm in M3: Hooijer, 1954: 109 and 113). I could not, then, make up my mind as to whether these did represent the last molars, and left them as Stegodon spec.\nThe stegodont molars differ from those of the pygmy archidiskodont in various characters, as follows: 1. The ridges are only two-thirds as high as wide in the unworn state, whereas in Archidiskodon celebensis the plates in M3 and M3 are higher

Description: In Nova Guinea, Bot. 12 (1963) 192 I have given the records thus far known of Eriandra fragrans in New Guinea which now range from the western to the eastern part of the island. I could also describe the fruit which was not known. It has now appeared that Eriandra is not endemic in New Guinea, but also occurs in the Solomon Is, a notable extension of its area and strengthening the plant geographical affinity between the Solomons and Papua.\nSOLOMON ISLANDS. New Georgia Group: Kolombangra I., West coast, Merusu Cave, T. C. Whitmore BSIP 1413, in ridge forest at c. 30 m alt., tree 12 m, 30 cm \xc3\x98, bole fluted to 3\xc2\xbd m up, poor form above, bark smooth, horizontally closely ringed; slash: bark cream, granular with an orange lamina near cambium: fruits green, globular, c. 2\xc2\xbd cm diam.; New Georgia Is., Viru Harbour on Viru R., A. W. Cowmeadow & R. Teona BSIP 2527, on edge of slope on volcanic rock, red clay-loam, in mixed forest at c. 50 m alt., dominant, bole rather fluted, girth 6 ft, vera. laili, Kwara-ae language; Roviana Lagoon, near Kungaruga R., T. C. Whitmore BSIP 1991, lowland forest, in a broad depression, c. 30 m alt., tree 12 m, fruits green, ripening orange, globose, to 3\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x944 cm diam., vern. sura-u, Kwara-ae language.

Description: During the field season of 1956 and 1957, an area in the NW part of the province la La Coru\xc3\xb1a was investigated. On the north the area is bounded by the Atlantic ocean, its southern boundary is formed by the roads: Beo-Malpica and Malpica-Bu\xc3\xb1o. The Monte Neme forms the eastern limit of the mapped area. Formerly this area has been studied by Professor I. Parga-Pondal and L.T. Schoon. The results of these investigations served as a basis for this study.\nAlong the coast a well exposed complete cross section through the Central complex can be studied. A part of the Lage formation is exposed at the ends of the cross section, viz. the augengneisses of the Cabo de San Adrian in the west and the migmatites of the Monte Neme in the east. Special attention has been paid to the basic intercalations, which frequently occur in the rocks of the Central complex. The characteristics of these intercalations served to elucidate the metamorphic history of the region. Their sensitivity to changes in temperature and pressure make them a much better metamorphic indicator, especially in microscopic study, than the acid rocks. The mineralogical composition of the latter is hardly affected by metamorphism; its main influence being apparent in structural changes of these rocks.

Description: The area investigated comprises a 5 miles broad E-W belt mainly through the group of rocks called \xe2\x80\x9dComplejo Antiguo\xe2\x80\x9d by professor Parga-Pondal (1956). The section runs roughly from the village of Lage on the west coast eastwards towards Carballo.\nThe object was to detect the various relationships between the rocks of this group; more especially it is an attempt to elucidate the metamorphic history of this so-called Ancient complex in terms of a scheme of syn-, late- and post-kinematic metamorphic events.

Description: This paper deals with the sedimentary structures and sedimentary petrography of the four lowermost formations of the Paleozoic as developed in the Northern part of the Province of Le\xc3\xb3n (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain). Three of the four formations have a detrital character, and one consists of dolomites and limestones. Mineralogically, the detrital formations are mature. Consequently the differences are small, but diagnostic. The source rocks will have been non-sedimentary.\nThe Herreria Sandstone Formation is the oldest formation. Only its upper 200 metres are described here. This part consists of medium-grained quartzites with intercalations of shales, coarse quartzites, and conglomeratic beds. The detrital quartzes contain various kinds of inclusions and are often composite. Microcline, the common feldspar, is often kaolinized. Both minerals are secondarily enlarged. The source of the secondary quartz is duscussed; this quartz is held to have been supplied partially, and precipitated, form formational waters. The latter have the tendency to increase salinity, which lowers the silica solubility.\nThe layers show predominantly a parallel lamination, but cross-lamination occurs as well. In two parts of the sequence the layers are wedge-shaped.\nThe depositional environment is assumed to have been shallow, near the shore, with fluviatile influences.\nThe Laucara Dolomite Formation can be subdivided into Dolomite s.l. and Griotte. The Lancara Dolomite s.l. contains dolomites, limestones, oolitic limestones, and breccias. The diagenetic process of grain growth transformed the original detrital texture of the limestones and dolomites. Dolomitization is assumed to have been postdepositional. Recrystallization due to mechanical stresses occurs as well.\nThe oolitic limestones too are built up of various types of calcite in a textural sense. The time-relations between these types is discussed. These limestones contain authigenic quartzes, indicating high salinity of the environment.\nThe Lancara Griotte consists of nodular limestones and shale layers with limestone nodules. The limestones are detrital in origin. The origin of the griotte is discussed: it is attributed to solutional processes.\nThe depositional environment of the Lancara Dolomites s.l. is thought to be comparable to the recent Bahama Bank deposits. That of the Griotte is less distinct, but must have been shallow neritic. The red colour of the griotte may point to a warm, humid climate.\nThe Oville Sandstone Formation is characterized by its clayey nature, high lime content, and the authigenic mineral glauconite. The micas show replacement by carbonates, a relatively unknown process. The origin and source of the glauconite is dealt with: cryptocrystalline aggregates are thought to have initially been clay, while the crystalline glauconites are altered micas.\nOf special interest are the slump structures. Since they are the result of a thixotropic behaviour of the sediments some rheological principles are briefly reviewed. It is also stated that internal slumping and convolute laminations are related in the sense that both are expressions of a false-body thixotropic state of the sediment. Such a state is to be expected within a certain range of moisture content: internal slumping occurs at the lowest values, convolute lamination at the highest values of the range. However, convolute lamination is observed more commonly in turbidity deposits because such deposits settle at higher rates than other sediments, consequently their moisture contents must have been higher.\nIn this thin-bedded complex, parallel lamination dominates but small-scale cross-lamination is also present. Other sedimentary structures observed are load casts, pseudo-nodules and \xe2\x80\x9cLinsen\xe2\x80\x9d structures.\nThe depositional environment is held to have been deltaic i.e. the formation represents a chain of deltas.\nThe Barrios Quartzite Formation consists of quartzites with few shale beds and locally a conglomerate. The quartzes are limpid and do not contain inclusions. Composite grains are scarce. Feldspars are not kaolinized, only sericitized. The occurrence of the mica phengite is diagnostic.\nMost of the beds are wedge-shaped, which gives the formation a special appearance. Most beds have an slightly inclined lamination.\nLike the Oville deposits the Barrios sands are held to be deposits of a deltaic environment.

Description: Fluke made, during nearly forty years, a literature survey as a supplement to Aldrich\xe2\x80\x99s catalogue of North American Diptera. In the course of the years the South American species were included as well. In the last years of his life FLUKE (1956\xe2\x80\x941959) assembled his catalogue of neotropical Syrphidae from the extensive literature survey in his possession.\nWhen finishing a study of Fluke\xe2\x80\x99s catalogue I thought it advisable to summarize the results in a publication accessible to all. I hope that the supplementary material and some rectifications will be useful in amplifying the important literature survey given in Fluke\xe2\x80\x99s catalogue.

Description: In this paper one genus and 23 species are described as new; the genus Hadromerella is redescribed together with its type species H. setosa de Meijere; Condylostylus bifilus (van der Wulp) is redescribed, C. fenestratus (van der Wulp) is re-erected from synonymy and differentiated from C. tenebrosus (Walker); C. violaris (Enderlein) is synonymized with C. tenebrosus and Sympycnus praecipuus Becker is synonymized with S. plumitarsis de Meijere. The genera Cyrturella, Acropsilus, Telmaturgus and Schoenophilus are recorded for the first time from the Oriental region.

Description: VAURIE (1961) in a recent review of the geographical races of the Common, or Eurasian, Buzzard (Buteo buteo (Linnaeus)) has found no evidence in favour of the recognition of a West Chinese or Tibetan mountain race of that species. Even less he considers it likely that the Buzzard nests in mountain forests in the Himalayas. In his conclusion he is at variance with PORTENKO (1929 : 644) who described a special race from the Cham region in East Tibet and mentioned specimens ascribed to this race from West China, Darjeeling, Sikkim, and the northwestern Himalaya. This race, originally described as Buteo japonicus saturatus, was re-named by PORTENKO in 1935 Buteo japonicus refectus on nomenclatorial reasons (Orn. Monatsb., 43 : 152). It was considered by HARTERT & STEINBACHER (1932\xe2\x80\x9438) as a synonym of Buteo buteo burmanicus Hume and by VAURIE (1961) as a synonym of Buteo buteo japonicus Temminck & Schlegel. Neither the question of the occurrence of Buzzards as breeding birds in the Sino-Himalayan mountains, nor the nomenclature of Buzzards actually collected in these regions has at present been solved. Still, the Buzzard is mentioned to breed in Tibet and Ladakh by both RIPLEY (1961) and ALI (1962) under the name of burmanicus, but not in Sikkim (ALI, 1962).\nFor zoogeographical reasons the occurrence of a Sino-Himalayan race of Common Buzzard would be most interesting since these mountain populations would enclose a Central Asiatic group of buzzards living in semi-deserts and cold steppes (B. rufinus and B. hemilasius). These Central Asiatic high plateau buzzards occur south of the forest-inhabiting Common Buzzards from Siberia and are sometimes considered as conspecific, or almost so, with the whole group of Buzzards of the species Buteo buteo. The breeding range and the characters of the mountain buzzards therefore have those noteworthy zoogeographical complications in that they would indicate an additional ecological basis for the subspecies formation in this group of raptors.

Description: On a trip to Greece between the 25th April and the 25th July 1963, the authors collected (on the mainland and some islands in the Aegean) insects, amphibians and reptiles as well as 194 mammals. Among the mammals, mainly rodents and insectivores, there were also 27 bats, belonging to five species. Although this collection of Chiroptera is very small, it was thought useful to publish some notes. The more so as some recent papers have appeared (KAHMANN & \xc3\x87AGLAR, 1960; KAHMANN, 1962 and OSBORN, 1963), in which the data on the occurrence and the distribution of bats in Southeastern Europe and Turkey were summarized.\nImmediately after capture, the animals were killed, measured, weighed and then preserved in spirit. As we did not have a colour guide with us in the field, we omitted to make notes on the colours and the colour distribution. The bats, together with the other animals collected in Greece, are now part of the collections of the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam. The authors are very grateful to Drs. P. J. H. van Bree (Zoological Museum, Amsterdam) and to Dr. J. C. Ondrias (Zoological Laboratory and Museum, Athens) for their help and encouragement, and to Mr. J. C. Whittaker for correcting the English.

Description: The present note is based in the first place on the Nephropsid material collected by the Australian Fisheries Steamer "Endeavour" in the waters of South and East Australia, while also the West Indian Nephrops specimens in the collections of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., and the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, are dealt with.\nI wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Curator of the Division of Marine Invertebrates of the U.S. National Museum for entrusting me with the study of the larger part of this material. I am furthermore much indebted to Dr. L. R. Tommasi, Instituto Oceanografico, S\xc3\xa3o Paulo, Brazil, for specimens of Nephrops rubellus.\nThe new species described in this paper, Nephrops boschmai, is named in honour of Dr. Hilbrand Boschma, to whom the present volume is dedicated at the occasion of his 70th birthday. It is a great pleasure to express in this way my profound gratitude to Dr. Boschma not only for guiding my first steps in the field of systematic zoology, but also for the innumerable times that he gave me his sound advice and invaluable help both in scientific and personal matters.\nNephrops andamanicus Wood-Mason Nephrops andamanicus Wood-Mason, 1892, pl. 4.\nEndeavour Expedition Great Australian Bight, 126.5\xc2\xb0 E, S. by W. of Eucla, Western Australia; depth 130-190 fathoms; No. E. 6248-6252. \xe2\x80\x94 4 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82, 2 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 (1 ovigerous).\nThe carapace length of the males varies between 78 and 85 mm, the females have the carapace length 75 and 85 mm; the largest female is ovigerous. The specimens agree in practically all respects with the published

Description: The ichthyological collections brought together in various parts of New Guinea by staff members of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in 1954 and 1955 (cf. Boeseman, 1963), contain a series of scorpion-fishes which are here described as a new species, representing a new genus.\nCheroscorpaena genus novum Mainly characterized by the, in the Scorpaenidae unique, pectoral fins, which consist of nine rays connected by a membrane, followed ventrally by three entirely detached simple rays of about the same length as the main fins.\nThe type and hitherto only species of this genus is: Cheroscorpaena tridactyla species nova (pl. 1) D XIII. 7 or 8, A III. 6 or 7, \xce\xa1 i. 8-i-i-i, V I. 5, C 8 to 10 (branched rays only), gill-rakers on outer branchial arch 7 or 8 + 1 + 16 to 20, scales very small, 85 to 90 on body longitudinally, pores in lateral line about 28.\nA for a member of the family Scorpaenidae fairily slender fish, depth 3.1 to 3.3 in standard length; greatest width 1.6 to 1.8 in greatest depth. Anterior profile almost straight from the blunt snout to the first dorsal spine (in the largest specimen slightly curved, concave on the snout, convex on the nape); outline of back moderately convex towards the tail; outline of body ventrally only slightly convex, with the deepest part of the body between the 2nd and 3rd dorsal spines and the basis of the ventral fins.\nHead fairly large, 2.7 to 2.8 in standard length, with a more or less triangular outline. Snout blunt, anterior part vertical; eye small, its diameter about 7 in head and 2.5 in snout. Nostrils large, the posterior one in front of lower half of eye, the anterior one in advance of the posterior one and

Description: When collecting on the Kangean Islands in 1954 I obtained representatives of two species of Centropus: C. sinensis, and C. bengalensis. The first of these species was known to occur on the islands, but the second had not previously been recorded from the Kangean Archipelago, and is an interesting addition to its avifauna.\nThe subspecific identity of these birds seemed worth investigating, as the Kangean Islands occupy an interesting position between Celebes and Java, and are known to have a certain degree of endemism. A discussion of both species will here be given.\nCentropus sinensis (Stephens) Of the six specimens obtained on the three islands Kangean, Saebus and Paliath, four are in the normal plumage, while two are in the plumage of birds described by Vorderman (1893) as C. kangeangensis.\nUntil recently C. kangeangensis Vorderman has been regarded as a race of C. celebensis Quoy & Gaimard. Hartert (1902) even called it "the most interesting species of the birds inhabiting the Kangean Islands" and it was only Stresemann (1939) who discovered its true affinities.\nThe kangeangensis-plumage has been well described by Vorderman (1893) and Hartert (1902). Only the wings have the normal reddish brown colour of Centropus sinensis; all parts which are normally black, are greyish, beige, or creamy buff, varying much in tinge, especially on the under parts (pl. 1).\nFrom collected material it seems that birds in normal plumage are slightly more common than birds in kangeangensis-plumage. Out of five skins in the collections of the Buitenzorg Museum and the Leiden Museum, three are normal; Hartert (1902) had five specimens in normal plumage and four

Description: Les esp\xc3\xa8ces du genre Anthessius Della Valle, 1880, sont associ\xc3\xa9es de fa\xc3\xa7on tr\xc3\xa8s pr\xc3\xa9f\xc3\xa9rentielle \xc3\xa0 deux classes de Mollusques: les P\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9cypodes et les Gast\xc3\xa9ropodes. Notre connaissance taxonomique du genre progresse actuellement de mani\xc3\xa8re tr\xc3\xa8s rapide. Il y a cinq ans seulement, on ne connaissait que 11 esp\xc3\xa8ces d\'Anthessius; Illg, en 1960, en \xc3\xa9num\xc3\xa9rait 17; r\xc3\xa9cemment, Stock, Humes & Gooding (1963) en d\xc3\xa9nombraient 23. Ces derniers auteurs int\xc3\xa9graient, pour la premi\xc3\xa8re fois, dans le genre Anthessius, une esp\xc3\xa8ce malaise, d\xc3\xa9crite par Leigh-Sharpe, en 1934, sous le nom de Lichomolgus brevicaudis. La description originale de cette esp\xc3\xa8ce, beaucoup trop insuffisante, n\'en permettant pas une d\xc3\xa9termination exacte, son appartenance au genre Anthessius fut \xc3\xa9tablie par une nouvelle \xc3\xa9tude des exemplaires types de Leigh-Sharpe. Cependant, en dehors de l\'introduction d\'Anthessius brevicaudis dans une cl\xc3\xa9 dichotomique du genre Anthessius, Stock, Humes & Gooding n\'ont pas apport\xc3\xa9 d\'informations plus d\xc3\xa9taill\xc3\xa9es sur la morphologie externe de cette esp\xc3\xa8ce mal connue.\nJe reviendrai dans la pr\xc3\xa9sente note sur ce sujet et donnerai une redescription compl\xc3\xa8te d\'Anthessius brevicaudis, bas\xc3\xa9e sur un nouvel examen des exemplaires types.\nJ\'ajouterai \xc3\xa0 cette \xc3\xa9tude la description d\'une esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle d\'Anthessius, recueillie en Nouvelle Guin\xc3\xa9e par M. D. Smits, que je propose d\'appeler Anthessius saecularis.\nLes deux esp\xc3\xa8ces A. brevicaudis et A. saecularis, respectivement trouv\xc3\xa9es dans Pinna et Tapes, apportent une confirmation \xc3\xa0 l\'opinion ant\xc3\xa9rieurement acquise, selon laquelle les Anthessius t\xc3\xa9moignent d\'une pr\xc3\xa9f\xc3\xa9rence manifeste \xc3\xa0 parasiter des Mollusques, en l\'occurrence des P\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9cypodes.

Description: Franz Michael Regenfuss was born in Nuremberg, Germany, and baptized 28th February 1713. His father, Erhard Regenfuss, was a wig-maker. The son married Margaretha Helena Ludwig (born circa 1707) in Feucht on 3rd March 1755.\nFranz Michael did not succeed to his father\'s business, but became a painter and engraver. From his youth he was fascinated by the manyfold natural history objects, especially of foreign countries, and already by 1745 he was thinking of publishing a book with numerous illustrations in lineengraving and a scientific text on shells and crustaceans. For the text he had the collaboration of F. C. Lesser (1692-1754), at that time a clergyman in Nordhausen and a well known authority on conchology. In order to collect names and addresses of potential subscribers to his book Regenfuss, in the beginning of 1748, published a small circular in which he invited shell collectors and shell dealers to support his idea, fixing the price for a coloured plate at 2 fl., for a uncoloured one at 1 fl. 1) Towards the end of that year he produced a large-sized "Avertissement" (dated 30 October 1748) to the "Lectori Benevolo Naturae Speculatori atque Ingenuarum Artium Studioso" 1). This item opens with an engraving representing an allegory of the sea and its organisms, to which is attached a net full of shells. It is followed by a text in Latin and German in parallel columns. Herein the study of conchology is greatly recommended, and again subscriptions are invited for the forthcoming book. In addition it gave an expos\xc3\xa9 of how Regenfuss and Lesser were going to effectuate their scheme. Here the above mentioned prices for the original subscribers are mentioned again, the later applicants having to pay 2 fl. 30 kr. for a coloured and 1 fl. 30 kr. for a black-and-white

Description: Since the publication by Holthuis & Gottlieb (1958) of a list of the Decapod Crustacea known at that time to inhabit the Mediterranean waters of Israel, several additional species, 18 in number, have been found in the area, while just prior to the issue of the paper by Holthuis & Gottlieb a publication by Forest & Guinot (1958) appeared in which one species not mentioned by the former authors was listed, namely Alpheus crassimanus Heller. The total number of Decapoda now known from the Mediterranean coast of Israel thus amounts to 137 (61 Brachyura, 21 Anomura anl 55 Macrura).\nIn the present paper the 18 new records are enumerated, while moreover some interesting finds of Decapoda in the eastern Mediterranean within and outside Israel waters are discussed. The larger part of the new Israel species (12 of the 18) were collected in the littoral area, to the study of which during the last few years particular attention has been paid by the Zoology Department of Tel-Aviv University. Of these 12 species 8 are typically Mediterranean, 4 being of Indo-West Pacific origin; the latter must have reached the Israel coast by way of the Suez Canal. The continued research by Dr. E. Gilat (= E. Gottlieb), Sea Fisheries Research Station at Haifa, of the deeper parts of the coastal waters off Israel (at depths roughly between 20 and 100 m), yielded relatively few new species (4), which shows that this area has become relatively well known by the previous explorations by Dr. Gilat. Among these four new finds there are not less than three immigrants from the Red Sea, at least one of which (Charybdis longicollis) must have arrived rather recently in Israel waters, where it now is established so well that it has become a true pest. Finally, two species were

Description: During my stay in Surinam (Dutch Guiana) in the first three months of 1963 most of my time was devoted to the study of the marine Mollusca, on which I shall report later. Now and then, however, I had an opportunity of collecting non marines. The following notes are the result of the study of some of the land snails in the material I collected.\n\nSUBULINIDAE\nLeptinaria (Luntia) insignis (E. A. Smith) Luntia insignis Smith, 1898, Journ. Conchol. 9: 28, fig. 8 (Trinidad); Pilsbry, 1906, Man. Conch. (2) 18: 218, pl. 40 fig. 7; Hummelinck, 1940, Studies Fauna Cura\xc3\xa7ao &c. 2: 98 (Aruba); 3: 115, 116 (Aruba); Morrison, 1943, Nautilus 57: 48 (British Guiana).\nVaricella clappi [non Pilsbry], Meeuse & Hubert, 1949, Basteria, 13: 18, pl. 3 fig. 15 (greenhouse in Botanical Gardens, Utrecht, Netherlands).\nVaricella cf. clappi, v. R. Altena, 1960, Basteria 24: 50 (Tambaredjo, Surinam).\nLeptinaria (Luntia) insignis, Thiele, 1931, Handb. syst. Weichtierk. 1 (2): 552; Haas, 1962, Studies Fauna Cura\xc3\xa7ao &c. 13: 53, pl. 11 fig. I, J (Saba).\nThe figure published by Haas enabled me to identify this species which Hubert & Meeuse thought to be Varicella clappi Pilsbry, and which I recorded from Surinam in 1960. Recently I had an opportunity of confirming this revised identification by comparison of Surinam specimens with the holotype of the species in the British Museum (Natural History).\nI found Leptinaria insignis in two more localities in Surinam, viz., in the Botanical Gardens of Paramaribo, and at the base of the ruins of the synagogue at Jodensavanne, on the Surinam River, some 50 km south of Paramaribo. Morrison (1943) states that in British Guiana the species belongs to \'the smaller species of land mollusks that were found mostly on Kyk-over-

Description: In this paper I will try to solve the controversial points still existing in respect to the species Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, Alcyonium acaule Marion and Alcyonium brioniense K\xc3\xbckenthal. I found that A. brioniense has to be regarded a synonym of A. acaule, and that A. palmatum adriaticum K\xc3\xbckenthal, 1907, ( = A. adriaticum of K\xc3\xbckenthal, 1909) can neither be considered a geographical race nor a valid species.\nI wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. L. D. Brongersma, director, and Drs. W. Vervoort and L. B. Holthuis, curators, of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, to Prof. Dr. H. Engel, director, and Dr.\nJ. H. Stock, curator, of the Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Museum at Amsterdam, for placing material of their respective museums at my disposal and for their kind assistance. My thanks are also due to my colleagues Mr. W. ter Spill, who revised my English, and Mr. G. J. Vrijmoeth, who performed for me the difficult task of making the photographs.\n\nOUTLINE OF THE LITERATURE CONCERNING ALCYONIUM ACAULE MARION\nAND A. BRIONIENSE K\xc3\x9c\nKENTHAL\nIn 1878 Marion distinguished between two types of Alcyonium, occurring in the Bay of Marseilles. The first type he called \xe2\x80\x9eles Alcyons des fonds vaseux", evidently since it is found on a muddy bottom. This type was characterized as follows: (a) the colony has a long sterile stalk (Marion, 1878, pl. 6 fig. 1); (b) the length of the colony is 23 cm and more; (c) usually the colour is palish, though sometimes it may be a dirty light-yellow, brown-red or bright vermilion; (d) the tegument is transparent and nearly colourless; (e) usually the zooids are colourless or slightly white or yellow, sometimes their spicules are reddish; (f) in the sterile stalk there are short,

Description: In 1875 K. M\xc3\xb6bius described a new species of Chaetognatha under the name Sagitta hamata. Hertwig (1880) used the name Spadella hamata for it; Strodtmann (1892) called it Krohnia hamata and finally Von RitterZ\xc3\xa1hony (1909c) gave it the name Eukrohnia hamata.\nIn this "Research" material Fowler (1905) found a few specimens of E. hamata which did not entirely agree with all the characters of M\xc3\xb6bius\'s species; he regarded these specimens a separate variety, which he indicated as Krohnia hamata M\xc3\xb6bius var. Von Ritter-Z\xc3\xa1hony (1909c) gave the name Eukrohnia fowleri to this form. In the material collected by the "Siboga" Expedition Fowler (1906) found only what he thought to be Krohnia hamata.\nHe stated that none of the specimens was actually well preserved, but that as far as could be ascertained there was no reason to doubt their specific identity with M\xc3\xb6bius\'s species. Von Ritter-Zahony (1911c) concluded from the high number of seizing jaws, that Fowler had probably made an incorrect identification and upon re-examination of Fowler\'s specimens found, besides a few specimens of the true E. hamata, mainly E. fowleri to be present, though in a very poor condition. As mentioned before (Schilp, 1941, p. 39) the material collected by the Snellius Expedition contains 28 specimens of Eukrohnia hamata and 31 of E. fowleri. There are three specimens which I then ascribed with some doubt to E. fowleri, but which on further examination show to belong most probably to the species E. richardi Germain & Joubin, 1916.\nOnly a few of the 59 specimens of Eukrohnia collected by the Snellius Expedition are well preserved, and even in some of those a thorough investigation is made difficult by their opacity.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nIn my recent revision of the Belonidae (Mees, 1962) a number of problems had to remain unsolved because of lack of material, and in particular because of a number of named forms the type specimens had not been available. The revision was called "preliminary" for that reason.\nThanks to the co-operation of colleagues in several countries I have been able, on a round-the-world tour which lasted from February to August, 1962, to examine nearly all the types of what I had previously had to regard as species dubiae, and other type specimens, which show that in a few instances the synonymy presented in my paper is erroneous. A serious error in the key also became obvious (see under Belone punctulata).\nThough, inevitably, a few problems remain to be solved, it is now possible to give a reasonably exact count of the number of genera, species and subspecies in the family. I recognise two genera: Potamorrhaphis with one species, and Belone with 23 species and 5 subspecies. This compares with estimates of from sixty to a hundred species given in literature.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nIt is a pleasant duty to acknowledge the help from the colleagues who made it possible for me to examine so many type specimens: Dr. J. W.\nB\xc3\xb6hlke (Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia), Miss E. Hahn (Macleay Museum, Sydney), Dr. D. K\xc3\xa4hsbauer (Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien), Dr. W. Klausewitz (Natur-Museum und Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, Frankfurt), Dr. G. A. Mead (Museum of Comparative Zo\xc3\xb6logy, Cambridge, Mass.), Dr. D. E. Rosen (American Museum of Natural History, New York), Dr. G. von Wahlert (Staatliches Museum f\xc3\xbcr Natur-

Description: Collections of fossil vertebrate remains from the Sangiran area in Java have recently been presented to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie by Mr. H. R. van Heekeren and by Mr. J. H. Houbolt. They form a most welcome addition to the Museum collection of fossil vertebrates made by Eugene Dubois in Java in the 189o\'s; Sangiran is a site known to but not collected at by Dubois. We are grateful to Messrs. Van Heekeren and Houbolt for their generous gift to the Museum; the more important specimens in the Sangiran collection will be the subject of the present note.\nThe Sangiran dome (for the geology of the area see Van Es, 1931: 55-68, and Von Koenigswald, 1940: 26-39), situated approximately 12 km north of Solo (Soerakarta) between the Kali Brangkal and the Kali Tjemoro in Central Java, has been extensively collected at by Dr. G. H. R. von Koenigswald during the 1930\'s. The cranial and mandibular remains of hominids retrieved from this site between 1936 and 1941 by that indefatigable collector rank among the most important fossil hominid specimensever found in Asia. In the course of his investigations in Java Von Koenigswald established a succession of faunas two of which, the Djetis and the Trinil fauna, are of special interest here as both do occur at Sangiran. The former has been assigned a Lower Pleistocene age, the latter a Middle Pleistocene age by Von Koenigswald; it is even possible that the Sangiran succession extends downward to include an earlier fauna, the Kali Glagah (originally placed in the Upper Pliocene by Von Koenigswald), as a molar fragment of the mastodont described by Van der Maarel (1932) as Tetralophodon bumiajuensis has been recovered, too (Von Koenigswald, 1940: 30). This mastodont, considered characteristic of the

Description: For anyone who, now or in the future, in the far future, will have to do something with Rhizocephala, their systematics, microscopic anatomy, host specialization etc., it will be impossible to avoid the name and the work of Boschma. It rather seems that he can almost confine himself to this author.\nAnyone who, now or in the future and in some respects a very far future, will have to do something with corals, Anthozoa as well as "Hydrocorallia", their systematics, ontogeny, normal and abnormal bud formation, their variability, their form in relation to the environment, their symbioses, their geography etc., will do injustice to himself and to science by not including Boschma\'s work in his studies.\nFor such colleagues this sketch of Boschma\'s life has been written, so that they may understand why and how Boschma\'s studies on these groups fit in his wider interest and skill in microscopic anatomy, in ontogeny, in certain aspects of physiology, in ecology and in zoogeography.\nThis sketch has also been written for many other biologists, who are interested in the scientific work and the social functions of an investigator known to them. They may learn from it how, from a comparative anatomist, working microscopically as well as macroscopically, from an ontogenist and from a naturalist, has grown a systematist who used his former interests as expedients. This sketch may also give an answer to the question as to what goes on in a museum of natural history, for it describes the character of such a museum, while at the same time it pictures the history of the Leiden museum in an important period. In a way it also contributes to establishing the fate of "natural history" within the limits of biology. On the one hand natural history intensifies its problems to those of systematics,