ALBERT

Description: The aim of this book is to provide all persons interested in the tree and wood species of Suriname with a simple means to find the name of a given tree. To this end two dichotomous keys have been drawn up with the help of punched cards prepared from studies of conserved material and field observations made by the authors. The first one makes use only of vegetative characters of leaves and twigs and a few saliant features of the bark, disregarding flower and fruit characters mostly used in floras. The second key is based on the anatomy of the wood as far as this can be observed with a good 10 X or sometimes 20 X magnifying hand-lens.\nIn the \xe2\x80\x9cInleiding\xe2\x80\x9d the terminology applied in each of the keys and in the descriptions is explained and elucidated by sketch drawings. After the keys follows the descriptive part in which the families are treated in alphabetical sequence as are the genera within each family and species within a genus. In general the taxa are taken in the same circumscription as in the \xe2\x80\x9cFlora of Suriname\xe2\x80\x9d; where a different name is accepted, following recent views, the name in the Flora has been added in brackets. Attention is drawn to the Mimosaceae and Papilionaceae which are treated here on account of their close relationship as two major subdivisions of Leguminosae, the latter name being used as general family heading.

Description: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages \xc2\xb2).\nZehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on \xe2\x80\x9dDe riet-schorskever\xe2\x80\x9d (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER\xe2\x80\x99S volume on \xe2\x80\x9eDe dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten\xe2\x80\x9d (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Description: Die Subsubclassis Redioinei ODENING, 1960 innerhalb der Unterklasse Digenea (VAN BENEDEN, 1858) wurde in zwei fr\xc3\xbcheren programmatischen Systementw\xc3\xbcrfen provisorisch, teilweise in Anlehnung an LA RUE (1957), gegliedert (ODENING 1960, 1961b). Ich halte es heute f\xc3\xbcr angebracht, die in jeder Beziehung bestimmbaren und festumrissenen Trematodengruppen als Ordnungen zu bewerten, wie es z.B. auch in den neueren Systemen der Cestoden der Fall ist. Diese Auffassung hat nicht nur praktische Vorz\xc3\xbcge, sondern sie befreit auch die unbestritten einheitlichen Gruppen aus hypothetischen Verbindungen. Ist es doch ein Nachteil der meisten neueren Einteilungsversuche der Digenea, da\xc3\x9f phylogenetische Hypothesen in Form von Ordnungen etabliert wurden, die nach Lage der Dinge je nach Auffassung der Autoren recht verschieden zusammengesetzt waren, w\xc3\xa4hrend die wirklich einheitlichen Gruppen mit den Zwischenkategorien (Unterordnung, \xc3\x9cberfamilie) bedacht wurden. Die Redioinei umfassen nach der neuen Wertung folgende selbst\xc3\xa4ndige Ordnungen (alphabetische Reihenfolge): 1. Allocreadiida Odening, 1960 2. Azygiida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 3. Clinostomatida (Allison, 1943) stat. et nom. emend. 4. Cyclocoelida (La Rue, 1957) stat. et nom. emend. 5. Fasciolida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend. 6. Hemiurida (Poche, 1926) stat. emend. 7. Opisthorchiida (La Rue, 1957) char. emend. 8. Paramphistomatida (Poche, 1926) stat. et char. emend.\nDie Ordnung Didymozoida (Poche, 1926) ist von den Redioinei auszuschlie\xc3\x9fen, da sie m\xc3\xb6glicherweise nicht zu den Digenea geh\xc3\xb6rt (siehe Baer & Joyeux 1961).

Description: Studying the kidneys of the Common Porpoise and the Fin Whale it was found that there is a second venal system next to the normal venal system. The arterial and venal system as found in the kidneys of the dog are present in the kidneys of the Common Porpoise without typical differences but there is also a venal system situated outside the renculi which conducts the blood from the venae arcutae to the vene cava. This system is found in the kidneys of the Common Seal but here it is replacing the system of the vena renalis which it does not do in the kidneys of the Common Porpoise.\nIn the kidneys of the Common Porpoise and the Fin Whale both the plexus which surround the pelvic cavity and the ureter are present and they show to be nearly similar to those described for the kidneys of the dog. Between the renculi it is found that the plexus mentioned are somewhat more developed than in the dog. The morphology of the plexus is also identical to that of the plexus in the dog, and it is supposed that their function will be also the same in the Common Porpoise and in the dog.

Description: \xc3\x9cber die postembryonale Entwicklung \xe2\x80\x94 besonders die Gewichtszunahme \xe2\x80\x94 junger Giftschlangen (Viperiden, Crotaliden, Elapiden) gibt es aus naheliegenden Gr\xc3\xbcnden nur wenige eingehendere Untersuchungen. KLAUBER (1956) bringt an Hand eines gro\xc3\x9fen Materials eine Zusammenfassung einschl\xc3\xa4giger Freilandbeobachtungen und -messungen an einer Reihe von Crotalus-Arten und fa\xc3\x9ft die Gewichts-L\xc3\xa4ngen- Relationen der erbeuteten Tiere nach Monaten tabellarisch zusammen. Statistisch ergibt sich dabei ein Index W = CLP (W = Gewicht, L = Gesamtl\xc3\xa4nge, C und p sind artliche Konstanten, die bei \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9fer sind als bei \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82: adulte \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 sind schwerer als \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82 gleicher L\xc3\xa4nge, die absolut schwersten Tiere sind aber infolge absolut gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ferer L\xc3\xa4nge stets \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82). F\xc3\xbcr Crotalus atrox z.B. betr\xc3\xa4gt der Klaubersche Index W = 550 L3, 3 (eine 100 cm lange Schlange wiegt also 550 g).\nDiese Werte repr\xc3\xa4sentieren den gro\xc3\x9fen Durchschnitt aus einer Vielzahl verschiedener Messungen an immer wieder neuen Individuen der jeweiligen Altersstufen. Regelm\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9fige Gewichtskontrollen an ein und demselben Individuum lassen sich dagegen nur in Gefangenschaft exakt durchf\xc3\xbchren. Wir nehmen daher die Gelegenheit wahr, die Entwicklung einiger im Tierpark Berlin gez\xc3\xbcchteter Grubenottern (Crotalus atrox und Agkistrodon piscivorus) im einzelnen zu verfolgen und \xe2\x80\x94 auch im Hinblick auf terraristische und pathologische Probleme, wie sie in Zoologischen G\xc3\xa4rten auftreten \xe2\x80\x94 zu kommentieren.

Description: Monoecious, marsh or aquatic plants, with perennial, creeping rootstocks and erect, terete stems. Leaves alternate, linear or strap-shaped, sheathing at the base, flat, slightly convex on the back. Flowers unisexual, densely crowded in simple, compact, cylindric spikes. Male inflorescence terminal and separated from the female spike or contiguous to it; each spike subtended by spathaceous, usually fugacious, bracts and divided at intervals by smaller caducous bracts. Perianth consisting of bristles. Male flowers with 3, rarely 1\xe2\x80\x947 stamens; the filaments free or connate; the anthers linear or oblong, basifixed, 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence; the connective produced beyond the cells in a conical, carnose acumen; pollen grains simple or compound. Female flowers with a one-celled, superior, stipitate and fusiform ovary; the ovule solitary and anatropous; the style elongate, slender, erect; the stigma ligulate, spathulate, lanceolate or linear. Among the female flowers many sterile ones with clavate tips. Fruit minute, stipitate, fusiform or ellipsoid, with a membranaceous or coriaceous pericarp, splitting longitudinally. Seed subcylindric or narrowly ellipsoid; the testa membranaceous; albumen farinaceous. Embryo cylindric, straight. About 8 species in one genus, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, consisting of sheath, ligule and blade. Sheaths envelopping the stem, usually with free margins; ligule borne at the mouth of the sheath, membranaceous or a rim of hairs; blades mostly elongate, flat, convolute or terete, parallel-veined. Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, bearing spikelets which consist of a shortened axis (rhachilla) and two to many scales. The two lowest scales (glumes) empty, rarely wanting; the following scales (lemmas) bearing in their axil an usually enclosed prophyll (palea) and a perfect or reduced flower. Lemma, palea and flower together forming the floret. Perfect flower consisting of 2\xe2\x80\x943 hyaline or fleshy lodicules, usually 3 (1\xe2\x80\x946) stamens and a pistil. Stamens with at anthesis rapidly elongating, filiform or ribbon-like filaments with 2-celled anthers, opening with longitudinal splits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule one, anatropous; styles usually 2(1\xe2\x80\x943) with plumose stigmas. Fruit a caryopsis (i.e. the pericarp adnate to the seed) with mealy endosperm, rarely a nut, a berry or an utricle with free pericarp. Embryo small, at the base of the side opposite the hilus. About 4000 species in 500 genera; of world-wide distribution.

Description: When working at the Tropical Institute, Amsterdam (1952\xe2\x80\x941957), some cases came to my notice of small borers belonging to the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Bostrychidae attacking newly felled timber in Surinam and causing the same well-known trouble as in other tropical regions. My interest in the neotropical representatives of these families was further aroused by the material handed to me by my friend J. G. Betrem who had collected it during the two months that he carried on investigations into the status of Xyleborus morigerus in coffee plantations near Cali, Colombia, in 1959. This led me to assembling and assorting the material of these families of West Indian origin to be found in the collections of the Leiden and Amsterdam museums. This material was rather scanty and partly unnamed but it still provided some interesting data. Recently Mr. P. H. van Doesburg jr, entomologist at the Landbouwproefstation (Agricultural Experiment Station) at Paramaribo submitted some newly acquired Scolytidae which he had collected in the Surinam plantations. They provided some data on the habits and economic status of the little borers additional to those compiled by J. B. M. van Dinther in his book on the Insect pests of cultivated plants in Surinam (1960), in which survey a few species collected by him but not fully identified, were mentioned. At my request I then received for examination the latter specimens kept in the collection of the Entomological Laboratory at Wageningen, and, through the kind cooperation of Dr. D. C. Geyskes and Mr. van Doesburg, also all the material preserved in the collections of the Surinam Museum and the Experiment Station at Paramaribo. My main interest was directed towards the ecological data and a search was made for information to be found in earlier reports and in the literature of adjacent countries. In this way sufficient relevant data accumulated to warrant the publication of the present paper. For the identification of species unknown to us and the verification of old names I applied to Professor S. L. Wood, Provo, Utah, U.S.A. on various occasions. A few Bostrychidae were identified by the late Professor J. M. Vrijdagh, Brussels.

Description: Although there exists an extremely voluminous literature on Cyprinid fishes and the morphology and physiology of some species has been intensively studied by various authors, very little is yet known about feeding mechanisms and their functioning in most members of this family.\nSo far as known, only some European species \xe2\x80\x94 e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Rutilus rutilus Gobio gobio \xe2\x80\x94 one Asian (Labeo rohita), and one African (Labeo horie) have been investigated thoroughly as regards their morphology in relation to their feeding habits. Moreover ,the ecology of most African species is only scantily known.

Description: A supplementary survey is given of endo- and ectoparasites collected from wild mammals in the Netherlands.

Description: We present below listings of mycotic infections occurring in vertebrates at the Chicago Zoological Park from September, 1954 to December, 1962. Most of the identifications were made by Dr. Tilden and Mrs. Getty from cultures of the fungi involved. Except for a few cases noted among the mammals, the findings were made from necropsy material.\nIt is interesting to note the wide variety and numbers of birds with mycotic infections in contrast to the few findings in mammals and reptiles. Our interest in mycotic infections during this period led to the publication of the eight articles listed at the end of this paper, and the reader is referred to these for additional information on some of the cases. These studies have included research on the endotoxins of Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus, the description of a new species of Microsporum, and case reports of mycoses in animals that were previously unrecorded.

Description: The bacteriological examinations of abnormal stools, irrespective of the apparent seriousness of the illness, is particularly important in a zoological park where it is difficult to apply measures to keep out possibly infected wild, non-resident animals and mechanical carriers, such as flies, cockroaches, etc. One obvious instance of the initiation of an epidemic by nonresident animals was the occurrence of infection with Salmonella newport among the animals in the pachyderm house. The first case in an elephant occurred about a month after S. newport had been isolated from the blood of a skunk found dead in the park. Prompt diagnosis of the first case and examination of the stools of other animals in the same building led to the discovery of further infections before symptoms occurred in the other animals. Suitable antibiotic therapy was instituted, but the first animal, an adult female elephant, was lost. All the pathogenic enteric bacteria isolated were identified as S. newport.\xc2\xb9) A fatal infection of a young forest horse with Salmonella typhimurium occurred following a long period of rainy weather leading to standing water in the enclosure. Contamination of the water by wild rats is believed to have been the most likely source of infection in this instance. No secondary cases occurred.

Description: A.\nGENERAL REMARKS\nDuring three years 4500 reports of whales sighted from Netherlands ships were collected, bearing on approximately 11.000 individual animals. Most of the observations were made in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. It was supposed that the species could be determined with a fairly high degree of reliability in the case of Humpback Whales, Sperm Whales and Right Whales. No distinction could be made between Blue, Fin, Sei and Bryde Whales. They were collected under the heading Rorquals. Catches of land stations and strandings of whales, however, indicate that in all areas, at least a part of these Rorquals must have been Blue or Fin Whales. Probably the majority of this part were Fin Whales.\nNevertheless it must he emphasized that the observations give no exact figures but only indications. It would be highly desirable if the results could be controlled by observations made by experienced whale biologists or gunners, especially in tropical and subtropical waters. We have the impression that for the time being no better results can be obtained with the present type of research. On the other hand, the fact that the generally known facts about the annual migration of the big whales were also clearly shown by this research, may be an indication for a certain degree of reliability of the research. The monthly number of animals of each species observed per 1000 hours steamed in daylight was plotted on charts in ten degrees squares. The reliability of the converted data is highest in the black dots.\nB. RORQUALS AND HUMPBACKS 1. Distribution The animals involved are not evenly distributed over the Oceans. There are big concentrations in certain areas, whereas in other areas practically no whales occur. Broadly outlined the highly populated areas coincide with the areas of greatest biological productivity of the sea, as shown by WALFORD (1958).\nIn the tropics and subtropics important areas with a great number of sighted whales are: the Caribbean, the North African west coast, the Atlantic coast of South Africa, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Bay of Bengal, the Indonesian Archipelago and the African east coast between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 40\xc2\xb0 S. It could be demonstrated that in the Indian Ocean southern Rorquals migrate over the entire breadth of the Ocean south of 30\xc2\xb0 S. North of 30\xc2\xb0 they migrate only at the eastern and the western side, apparently in order to avoid the waters with low biological productivity in the central part of the Ocean.\nNo special relationship was found between the distribution or the migratory routes of the whales and the course of the big Ocean currents with regard to the locomotory aspect. There was a special relationship only in those cases where the big currents show a great biological productivity, as for example the Gulf Stream and the currents in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. 2. Migration, general remarks With regard to Rorquals in the North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, as well as with regard to Humpbacks in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean it could be demonstrated that during the summer a part of the population does not migrate into Arctic or Antarctic waters, but that it stays in tropical, subtropical or temperate waters. In Humpbacks the phenomenon is less pronounced than in Rorquals. In Rorquals the phenomenon is not caused by observations of Sei or Bryde Whales only, because catches of land stations and strandings show that Blue and Fin Whales are present during the summer in the waters involved as well. The percentage of the stock of Blue and Fin Whales staying behind in warm and temperate waters is not known, but the authors have the impression that it is not unsignificant. The number of Rorquals staying behind during the summer appears to be larger in the North than in the South Atlantic, probably because Fin Whales in the North Atlantic feed on fish.\nThe phenomenon of staying behind of a part of the population confirms the assumption that estimations of the Antarctic population of Blue, Fin or Humpback Whales never bear on the total stock of the species involved. The phenomenon may also cause that the number of periods or laminations in baleen plates or ear plugs, used in determining the age of Whalebone Whales, is not a reliable indication for the actual age of the animals. The actual age may be higher than the number of periods, because the staying behind in warm waters causes irregularities in their formation.\nIt could, however, be demonstrated, that in most areas the majority of the populations showed the generally accepted type of annual migration. 3. Migration, Rorquals In the North Atlantic the principal northward migration of Rorquals takes place in April-July, the southward migration in September-November. In the South Atlantic the period of migration southward is September-December, that of the northward migration March-June.\nThe majority of the Rorqual population (which may be principally the Fin Whale population) lives in the North Atlantic during the northern winter between 0\xc2\xb0 and 40\xc2\xb0 N and during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and the border of the pack ice. With regard to the South Atlantic these areas are: in the southern winter between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 S, in the southern summer between the equator and the pack ice, but mainly in Antarctic waters.\nThe northern and southern population apparently meet in the Caribbean, in waters off the North African west coast and probably also in the central part of the Ocean between 0\xc2\xb0 and 20\xc2\xb0 N.\nIn the Indian Ocean large concentrations of Rorquals have been encountered in the northern part of the Ocean during the southern summer, whereas the number of sightings during the southern winter is surprisingly small. During this season the majority of the Rorquals is concentrated in waters of Madagascar and off the Australian west coast. This suggests, that during the southern summer (northern winter) the northern part of the Ocean is populated by Rorquals coming from the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Probably these whales enter the Indian Ocean by passing the waters of the Indonesian Archipelago and the straits between these waters and the Indian Ocean. This supposition is supported by the fact that in the northern part of the Indian Ocean calves have been sighted in almost equal monthly numbers during the whole year, whereas in the Atlantic Ocean seasonal peaks in the number of sightings have been demonstrated. On the other hand, the possibility of a local stock in the northern part of the Indian Ocean may not be excluded.\nAlthough a number of southern Rorquals certainly migrate into the northern part of the Ocean during the southern winter, the majority of the population probably live in this season between the equator (or 10\xc2\xb0 S) and 30\xc2\xb0 S. In the southern summer the majority of the population is found in Antarctic.\nIn the North Pacific Ocean the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 20\xc2\xb0 N and the pack ice and in the northern winter between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The South Pacific population apparently migrates northward during the southern winter up to about 10\xc2\xb0 N. 4. Migration, Humpbacks Humpbacks appear to migrate principally in coastal waters with the exception of the crossing part of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic (30\xc2\xb0 N to 50\xc2\xb0 N) where they are found during the northern winter over the entire breadth of the Ocean. In the northern part of the Indian Ocean they are spread over a large part of the Ocean as well.\nIn the North Atlantic the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N, and during the northern winter between 40\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S (especially in the Caribbean and off the North African west coast). Probably all Humpbacks in the Caribbean belong to the northern stock, because the southern population appears to live during the southern winter between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 20\xc2\xb0 N at the African side of the Ocean, but between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the equator at the American side. During the southern summer they are found between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the pack ice (mostly in Antarctic waters). In former days the North Atlantic Humpback population probably lived further northward (in summer as well as in winter) than nowadays. This may be connected with changes in feeding conditions or with the general decrease of the stock.\nJust as has been shown with regard to Rorquals, a part of the North Pacific Humpback population seems to migrate into the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. The southern population of the Indian Ocean lives during the southern winter between the continent and 30\xc2\xb0 S. During the southern summer the animals are found between 45\xc2\xb0 S and the border of the pack ice.\nThe northern and southern stocks of the Pacific Ocean meet in waters of the Indonesian Archipelago. At the eastern (American) side of the Ocean the northern population lives during the summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N (or farther northward). During the winter they live between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The southern stock appears to migrate as far to the North as 10\xc2\xb0 N. 5. Calves Sightings of calves of Rorquals (probably the majority of them being Fin Whales) in the Atlantic Ocean point to a peak in the number of births in December-January for the northern population and in May-June for the southern stock.\nNorth Atlantic Humpbacks appear to be born principally in the southern part of the North Atlantic in April, whereas births of the southern stocks apparently occur in tropical waters with a peak in September.\nC.\nSPERM WHALES\n1. North Atlantic Sperm Whales are always present in the North Atlantic between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N, but on the African side the population appears to be much larger than on the American side. A great number of animals are sighted in the Gulf Stream during the summer. The northward migration starts in April, the animals return to the South in autumn. The majority of the females do not go farther to the North than 40\xc2\xb0 N (a minority probably up to 50\xc2\xb0 N). The males migrate into Arctic waters. During the northern winter the majority of the males and females apparently live between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N (the American stock mostly in the Caribbean), but some males may stay behind in colder waters as far as 60\xc2\xb0 N. 2. South Atlantic Practically no sightings of Sperm Whales have been reported from the South American east coast, although these waters show a reasonable biological productivity and although a great number of Rorquals have been sighted there. In former days great numbers of Sperm Whales have been caught in these waters. During the summer the males migrate into Antarctic waters, the females migrate up to about 40\xc2\xb0 S. During the winter most of the animals live in tropical waters but some males and females are present up to 40\xc2\xb0 S. 3. Indian Ocean With regard to the Indian Ocean there is a very significant correlation between the distribution of Sperm Whales and the biological productivity of the sea. In the northern part of the Ocean there are many more Sperm Whales sighted during the northern winter than during the northern summer.\nThe general seasonal movements described with regard to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could not be demonstrated in the Indian Ocean. Apparently the Sperm Whales in this region show very special migratory movements which may be correlated with special conditions, caused by the fact that the Monsoon-stream in the northern part flows in an opposite direction in the two halves of the year. 4. Pacific Ocean Sperm Whales are encountered in the Indonesian Archipelago the whole year round. In the South Pacific they are not evenly distributed but apparently they are restricted to certain areas. The normal seasonal migratory movements could be demonstrated with regard to the South Pacific.\nD.\nOTHER SPECIES\n1. Little Piked Whales Fairly large numbers of this species were sighted throughout the whole year in tropical waters of all oceans. Large herds were also seen in the northern hemisphere. They show concentrations in areas with a high biological productivity of the sea. During the winter the majority of the animals apparently live in tropical and subtropical waters. During the spring and the autumn they show the usual migratory movements, just as Rorquals and Humpbacks. During the winter, however, some animals stay behind in northern waters, whereas during the summer there are some stragglers in warm waters.\nThe species has been observed in the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. In the North Atlantic births take place in warm or temperate waters, probably from November to March. 2. Californian Grey Whales Sightings in the North Pacific were quite in accordance with the generally accepted opinion about the migration of this species. 3. Right Whales North Atlantic as well as Southern Right Whales have been reported. The majority of the animals do not migrate into waters between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 20\xc2\xb0 S, but there are indications that a few animals may also visit these tropical waters.\nWith regard to the North Atlantic no sightings have been reported from regions north of 50\xc2\xb0 N, whereas there was a large number of sightings between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N during the northern summer.\nIn the Indian Ocean and in the Indian Archipelago two sightings were reported from waters between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S. These observations, however, need further confirmation.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nWhen in December 1960 the R.A.O.U. Checklist Committee was reorganised and the various tasks in hand were divided over its members, the owls were assigned to the author. While it was first thought that only the Boobook Owl, the systematics of which have been notoriously confused, would need thorough revision and that as regards the other species existing lists, for example Peters (1940), could be followed, it became soon apparent that it was impossible to make a satisfactory list without revision of all species.\nIn this paper the four Australian species of Strigidae are fully revised, over their whole ranges, and the same has been done for Tyto tenebricosa. Of the other three Australian Tytonidae, however, only the Australian races have been considered: these species have a wide distribution (one of them virtually world-wide) and it was not expected that the very considerable amount of extra work needed to include extralimital races would be justified by results.\nConsiderable attention has been paid to geographical distribution, and it appears that some species are much more restricted in distribution than has generally been assumed. A map of the distribution of each species is given; these maps are mainly based on material personally examined, and only when they extended the range as otherwise defined, have I made use of reliable field observations and material published but not seen by me.\nFrom the section on material examined it will be easy to trace the localities; where other information has been used, the reference follows the locality.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThe revision was carried out, besides the Western Australian Museum,

Description: I. Introduction The present paper has been written for practical purposes in the first place. It intends to provide medical men in the field with some useful information on important mosquitoes. It is also meant to rouse some interest in those insects, that are of primary importance to public health. Three main categories will be dealt with : (a) Species known to be vectors of any human disease in the New Guinea territory; (b) Man-biting species without vector properties, merely annoying by their numbers (pest-mosquitoes) ; (c) Some species, not man-biting, but easily recognizable, wide-spread, and frequently present in mosquito collections.\nThe present synopsis has no pretentions as to its complete originality.\nBonne-Wepster & Brug (1937, 1939) already published a paper on 40 Culicines, later on modernized and extended to one hundred species by Bonne-Wepster (1954). Both these reviews, however, which are more or less out of date by now, are dealing with the whole area of the former Dutch East Indies, i.e. the Indonesian Republic including Western New Guinea This area includes parts of two entirely different faunistic provinces (the oriental and the australian), between which a natural, be it somewhat flexible, borderline exists. From a New Guinea point of view both papers carry a lot of ballast species : orientals, not occurring in the territory. On the other hand some New Guinea species which have become known as common are scarcely mentioned, or omitted. The monograph by Bonne-Wepster & Swellengrebel (1953) on the anophelines of the Indo-Australian region is hardly accessible to a non-entomologist because of the huge number of species dealt with. Yet, the anopheline fauna of New Guinea proper is poor

Description: The present investigation arose from a discussion between Dr van Steenis and Mr C. T. White in July 1950 concerning a plant from North Queensland, collected by Mr L. J. Brass. The specimen was pre-identified as an Aristotelia but also showed similarity with the Papuan genus Sericolea. The need was felt to investigate the distinction between the two genera. Mr White was very keen to investigate the problem himself but this was unfortunately prevented by his untimely death, only two weeks after this discussion.\nThe problem has rested ever since, until in 1963 I had to verify the distinction between the two genera for my work on the Pacific flora, a work executed under a grant from the Netherlands Organisation for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.).

Description: The species numbers refer to those given in the author\xe2\x80\x99s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Description: The amount of both living and herbarium material of Ericaceae, which has become accessible to the author in and from Malaysia since his various precursory papers on the family have been published, are the reason for this supplement.\nIn Borneo, collecting in the last years has increased considerably in its northern part. In Sarawak, J. A. R. Anderson and E. F. W. Brunig collected a large number of Ericaceae on various mountains, partly not yet previously visited both within the \xe2\x80\x98kerangas\xe2\x80\x99 and the mossy forest. In N. Borneo it was Mrs Sheila Collenette who in 1960 climbed Mt Trus Madi, with c. 2620 m altitude the highest peak there next to Mt Kinabalu, and found on it a new species of Rhododendron besides other species, described from and thought to be limited to Mt Kinabalu up to now. Mt Kinabalu was visited again by W. Meijer in the lower part and the eastern shoulder above Kundasan, by Mrs Collenette in 1960 on a new path, the so-called Mesilau East route, and by the R. Society Expedition in 1961 under E. J. H. Corner (together with W. L. Chew and A. Stainton) on a new trail via the eastern shoulder towards the point, where it meets the Mesilau East route at c. 3440 m.

Description: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12\xe2\x80\x9414 species in all.\nOf the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker \xc6\x92.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides.\nChapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa.\nStarting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation.\nIt is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia.\nAn index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun\xe2\x80\x99s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Description: There is a great diversity of opinion regarding the interpretation of the genera and some species in the former Hippocrateaceae. If one reads the comprehensive and detailed revision of the New World Hippocrateaceae by A. C. Smith (Brittonia 3, 1940, 341\xe2\x80\x94555), one may have an impression of it. For example, A. C. Smith in his monotypic genus Hemiangium, under H. excelsum, has united species which were recognized as belonging to three different genera by Miers; he has also limited Hippocratea L. to a single species, H. volubilis L., and placed more than 40 names of species and varieties in the synonymy of it.\nA detailed review of the history and generic delimitation of the family Hippocrateaceae has already ably been summarized and discussed by A. C. Smith in the above mentioned publication. I shall make only a brief account of those works which contain genera, species, or discussions related to the Malaysian flora.

Description: The flowering specimens of Glyptopetalum are very difficult to separate from those of Euonymus except by examining the number of ovules in each cell of the ovary. The ovules are mostly 2, rarely 3\xe2\x80\x9412, per cell in Euonymus and there is only one in Glyptopetalum. However, the genus Glyptopetalum can be easily distinguished from Euonymus, or recognized, by the characteristic persistent columella of the fruit and the branched raphe of the seed (cf. also Fl. Mai. 1, 5, 1963, 256 and fig. 711).\nIn preparing the Celastraceae for the Flora Malesiana, two additional extra-Malaysian species of Glyptopetalum have been found: a new one from Thailand and a new combination for the flora of China. The range of distribution of this genus is now extending to southwestern China.

Description: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Description: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham\xe2\x80\x99s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Description: 154 plant species, chosen at random, and collected in the Netherlands were investigated cytologically. The chromosome numbers determined were compared with data known from other countries.

Description: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a \xe2\x80\x9cU\xe2\x80\x9d), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Description: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens.\nThe specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister \xe2\x80\x9cas so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety\xe2\x80\x9d. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary\xe2\x80\x99s type specimen in the Rabenhorst \xe2\x80\x9cFungi Europaei\xe2\x80\x9d collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 \xc2\xb5 in diam., and not 8\xe2\x80\x949 \xc2\xb5, as they are said to be in Massee\xe2\x80\x99s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 \xc2\xb5), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as \xe2\x80\x9csometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base\xe2\x80\x9d; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Description: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society\xe2\x80\x99s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society\xe2\x80\x99s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors.\nPacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Description: Blume, C. L., Flora Javae, etc.\nAdd: cf. Archiefboek Univ. Library Leyden J.N. 23 for 1847, p. 48; ibid. J.N. 26 for 1851, p. 36.

Description: As a student, I used to enjoy \xe2\x80\x99Karsten and Schenck\xe2\x80\x99 propped up on the breakfast-table. With equal familiarity I treated \xe2\x80\x99Kerner\xe2\x80\x99, \'Schimper\', and other great picture-books of botany. The time came to translate the dreams of youth into vocation. \xe2\x80\x9dProtista\xe2\x80\x9d, said the professor of zoology, \xe2\x80\x9dare the pivot of biology\xe2\x80\x9d. I substituted my breakfast-reading with the Archiv f\xc3\xbcr Protistenkunde, and hesitated at the coming call of biophysics. Ever since I have been rent, like the morning toast, by two forces which would make of me a student of the microcosm of protoplasm and a disciple of its greatness. They are the forces splitting biology into macromolecules and macro-organisms, and I do not know how this rift may be spanned. I cannot conceive what energy level, chemical bond, or carbon-grouping can decide whether it is insect-pollination or curiosity that will be inherited. But the pendulum has swung. The young botanist no longer looks at these books? he models molecules and chromosomes, and works very largely in vitro. Nevertheless, if biology is not to stand still, the pendulum will return and its amplitude will be the strength of those who have put their trust in the macrocosm.\nThese were the thoughts which I vaguely entertained, when I found myself in the forests of Malaya and I measured my insignificance against the quiet majesty of the trees. All botanists should be humble. From trampling weeds and cutting lawns they should go where they are lost in the immense structure of the forest. It is built in surpassing beauty without any of the necessities of human endeavour; no muscle or machine, no sense-organ or instrument, no thought or blueprint has hoisted it up. It has grown by plant-nature to a stature and complexity exceeding any presentiment that can be gathered from books, and it is one of the most baffling problems of biology.

Description: Previous to the 4th UNESCO Expedition, Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium made three trips together with Mr Tem Smitinand, first to Doi Chiengdao and Doi Suthep in the North (Aug. 15-21, 1963), then to the Khao Yai National Park in Central Siam (Aug. 28-29), then to Pha Nok Khao and Phu Krading South of Loie in NE. Siam (Sept. 8-11).\nThe 4th UNESCO Training Expedition was conducted by Mr Tem Smitinand of the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, and Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium, the latter serving as only instructor. The 10 participants, from Vietnam (1), the Philippines (1), Malaya (2), Singapore (1), Indonesia (2) and Thailand (3) started from a base camp 44 km from the highway from Suratthani to Takuapa in the Peninsula on Sept. 19, 1963. They investigated the flora of 7 limestone hills in the region: Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Lek, Khao Wong, Khao Ne Dang, Khao Pak Chawng, Khao Lang Tao, Khao Dai Kuad, ranging in altitude from 180 to 500 m. Each of these hills had a few peculiar species which were not found on the other hills, although in general the flora, especially in the lower slopes, was the same; 156 herbarium numbers with duplicates were here collected.

Description: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced.\nSuch a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Description: Walker, F.S.: The forests of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. A new printing of this book, which never received a very wide distribution, appeared in 1962. It gives a general description of the vegetation, based on 18 months of survey and detailed notes on about 300 species collected by Walker and C.T. White. Useful for both botanist and forester. Copies cost Austr. \xc2\xa3 2.- (i.e. about 34 Sh. Sterling or US $ 4.50); enquiries should be addressed to the Chief Forestry Officer, P.O. Box 6, Honiara, British Solomon Islands.\nMr. K. M. Kochummen of the Kepong Forest Research Institute has prepared field keys for all Malayan timber species mentioned in the Pocket Check List. The intention is to produce an enlarged revised edition (the present issue being out of print), but it is probable that the data will come out in the Forest Research Pamphlet series first.

Description: This paper is based largely on collections made by the author in Michigan, U.S.A. The genera represented among these collections are Flagelloscypha Donk (with 1 species), Lachnella Fr. emend. Donk (1), Cyphellopsis Donk (1), Merismodes Earle (1), Henningsomyces O. Kuntze (1), Calathella Reid, gen. nov. (2), Cellypha Donk (1), Pellidiscus Donk (1), Stromatocyphella W. B. Cooke emend. Reid (1), Plicaturopsis Reid, gen. nov. (1). The generic differences between Cyphellopsis, Merismodes and Phaeocyphellopsis W. B. Cooke are critically discussed; the latter genus is reduced to the synonymy of Merismodes. Full accounts are given of all the species, including an unidentified sterile Cyphelloid fungus and two new taxa viz. Henningsomyces pubera var. americana Reid and Calathella davidii Reid.

Description: Die Myriangiales sind ascolocul\xc3\xa4re Ascomyceten mit bitunicaten Asci und lassen sich durch Zwischenformen mit den Dothiorales verbinden. Bei ihnen entstehen die Asci im Innern von Fruchtk\xc3\xb6rpern einzeln zerstreut und sind kugelig oder breit keulig. Die 21 anerkannten Gattungen werden schl\xc3\xbcsself\xc3\xb6rmig dargestellt und anschliessend einzeln besprochen. Die Vertreter der Gattungen Myriangium und Angatia wachsen auf Schildl\xc3\xa4usen oder sind Saprophyten. Parasiten auf h\xc3\xb6heren Pflanzen werden in die Gattungen Elsino\xc3\xab, Bitancourtia, Anhellia, Diplotheca und Butleria gestellt. Bei den Vertretern der Gattungen Uleomyces, Cookella und Pycnoderma handelt es sich um Hyperparasiten auf blattbewohnenden Kleinpilzen. Die Arten der Gattungen Molleriella, Saccardinula, Micularia, Xenodium und Hyalotheles entwickeln ihre Fruchtk\xc3\xb6rper nur auf Blattdr\xc3\xbcsen oder Blatthaaren. Die Vertreter von Dictyonella, Saccardia, Byssogene und Allosoma zeichenen sich durch ein oberfl\xc3\xa4chliche Rasen bildendes Mycel aus. Auf diesem entwickeln sich die discoiden Ascomata. Von den von den Myriangiales auszuschliessenden Gattungen geh\xc3\xb6ren Annajenkinsia, Protoscypha und Myriangiella zu den Dothiorales, Ascostratum und Myxotheca zu den Lichenes, Ascosorus zu den inoperculaten Discomycetes und Piedraia wahrscheinlich zu den Pseudosphaeriales. Eine neue Art wird als Angatia brasiliensis Bezerra & v. Arx beschrieben. Die Typusarten mehrerer in die Synonymie versetzter Gattungen werden umbenannt.

Description: Tetramyxa parasitica Goebel, a Plasmodiophoracean parasite, has been found on Ruppia spiralis L. ex Dum. in three places in the south-western part of the Netherlands, viz. in the Flaauwersinlaag and in the Weversinlaag on the island of Schouwen and in the \xe2\x80\x9einlaag\xe2\x80\x9d near the Torenpolder on the island of Noord-Beveland. The parasite forms more or less spherical galls on the stems (fig. 1, b), the leaves and even on the inflorescences (fig. 1, a) of the host. The galls seem to be formed only under special ecological conditions. Although the localities on Schouwen were visited every month since June 1959 the galls were only found for the first time in 1962. Salinity may perhaps be a factor involved in the sporadic appearance of these galls. In 1962 the maximum salinity in the ponds was below 10\xe2\x80\xb0 Cl\xe2\x80\x99; in the preceding years it was considerably higher.

Description: The author gives an enumeration of the weeds found on a flax-field near Vrouwenpolder, prov. Zeeland.

Description: In het artikel van VAN DER MAAREL in Gorteria 1 (7), 1962, moeten op p. 77 in fig. 2, a, b en c de getrokken lijn en de streeplijn van de curven worden verwisseld.

Description: At the end of November 1960, the Leiden Museum received an interesting collection of animals, mostly fishes, from the Niger delta. All specimens were collected by Mr. H. J. G. Beets, at the time employed by Shell B.P. \xe2\x80\x94 Delta Investigations, during the period May to August 1960, and in the region between Port Harcourt and Brass. Unfortunately, owing to lack of time, the separate specimens or lots were not labelled, but the collecting localities are limited in number and restricted to only the eastern part of the delta. The fish collection, consisting of 130 specimens, proved to belong to 51 species, some of which gave occasion for a reexamination and comparison of Bleeker and Steindachner types in the Leiden Museum collection.\nCollecting localities and descriptive notes (fig. 1) The following information is almost wholly taken from the extensive notes provided by Mr. Beets.\nLoc. I : Brass, Brass River, St. Nicholas River, Okpoma Creek, and small confluent creeks. In this area, situated immediately behind the Atlantic coast, the water must be considered brackish (Okpoma Creek) to almost completely salt. Most specimens were collected here.\nLoc. 2: Old Sangama, environs of Sego Creek, about 45 km WSW of Port Harcourt. Fresh water throughout the year. Only few fishes collected.\nLoc. 3 : Ekulama, Bille Creek, San Bartholomeo River, 35-45 km SW of Port Harcourt. Brackish water.\nLoc. 4 : Port Harcourt and environs. Brackish water.\nBehind the sandy beach and a narrow zone of coastal forest, a wide marshy area reaches far inland to the foothills, its average width being approximately 35-40 km. This whole zone is covered with mangrove forest, especially

Description: For a long time, the genus Stixis has been known in the Indian Floras under the name Roydsia, until Pierre monographed it in 1887. Several of Pierre\xe2\x80\x99s species have in the present paper been reduced, leaving Stixis a genus comprising 7 species and 1 subspecies.\nThe genus, which is very uniform, extends from the eastern Himalayas to Hainan and western Malaysia, its centre being in Indo-China.

Description: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458.\nAs the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Description: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3\xe2\x80\x945 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5\xe2\x80\x94)5\xe2\x80\x947 cm longa, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4\xe2\x80\x946 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2\xe2\x80\x944(\xe2\x80\x946) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12\xe2\x80\x9415 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2\xe2\x80\x942.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6\xe2\x80\x947 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3\xe2\x80\x943.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longo, glabro.\nNEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Description: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1\xc2\xbd cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. \xc2\xbe cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5\xc2\xbd-7 cm longa, 2\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x943 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10\xe2\x80\x9412 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2\xc2\xbd mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus \xc2\xbe mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus.\nBORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Description: In the present work details are given in the first place for the extra-Australian Epacridaceae except Lebetanthus (South America), of which a part forms the base for my revision of the family for the \xe2\x80\x98Flora Malesiana\xe2\x80\x99 and for \xe2\x80\x98Pacific Plant Areas\xe2\x80\x99. Key to the subgenera and sections of the genus Styphelia, to the Malaysian species of Styphelia, to all species of Styphelia subgen. Cyathodes, and to the species of the genus Trochocarpa are added.\nDuring visits to the following herbaria specimens have been examined: Natural History Museum, London (BM), Brisbane (BRI), Berkeley (UC), Geneva (G), Gray Herbarium, Cambridge (A, GH), Honolulu (BISH), Kew (K), Lae (LAE), Manila (PNH), New York (NY), Paris (P), Sydney (SYD) and Utrecht (U), besides the specimens at Leiden (L) and the ones sent on loan from Bogor (BO) and Singapore (SING).

Description: In the northern part of Belgium, Dryopteris tavelii is mostly found in young plantations of Pinus in the Campine and Flemish districts. As some of these localities are situated near the Dutch border, the author expects that the species may also occur in similar habitats in the Netherlands parts of these districts.

Description: The author describes a locality of Pyrola uniflora in N.W. Germany, 50 km from the Dutch frontier, probably its westernmost station in the plains of Central Europe. A vegetation record of this locality is given.

Description: Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. weer op Yoorne. Nadat alle oude groeiplaatsen verdwenen waren, hetzij door natuurlijke successie, hetzij door droge zomers of door padverbreding, vond de botanisch analyst D. van der Laan, werkzaam aan het Biol. Station te Oostvoorne tegen de noordmuur van zijn huis in de gemeente Rockanje een klein ex., dat zich in de loop van 1961 goed ontwikkelde en de winter 1961-\xe2\x80\x9962 goed doorkwam. Hij verzocht de eigenaresse de slechte muur bij het plantje niet te repareren, wat deze toezegde. Rockanje. C. Sipkes Crambe maritima L. Op 5 september 1960 vond ik op het strand bij Westenschouwen tegen de duinvoet een niet bloeiende plant, die ik voor bovengenoemde soort gehouden heb, omdat ze er net uitzag als de zeekool, die ik vroeger aan de kust van Zuid-Engeland en Bretagne aantrof. In de hoop, dat de plant de winter zou overleven en het volgende jaar in bloei zou komen, heb ik hem laten staan. Helaas heb ik hem later niet meer teruggevonden, doordat het duin daar in het najaar afgeslagen was. Serooskerke (Schouwen). Jac. Viergever

Description: Na de excursie naar de Langstraat en omgeving in 1961, waarvan een kort verslag te vinden is in Gorteria 1, no. 4, 1962, p. 30-31, werd in 1962 de zomerexcursie gehouden in de omgeving van Woerden van 9 tot 14 juli. In totaal werden ruim 500 soorten genoteerd in de volgende I.V.O.N.- uurhokken: 31-34; 31-35; 31-44; 31-45; 31-46; 31-54; 31-55; 38-13; 38-14 en 38-25.\nDe zomerexcursie-1963 werd gehouden in de omgeving van Rhenen. Tijdens deze excursie, die plaats vond van 15-20 juli werden ruim 750 soorten genoteerd, waaronder vele adventieven van het graanoverslagterrein bij Wageningen. De volgende I.V.O.N.-uurhokken werden bezocht: 32-46; 32-56; 39-16; 39-17; 39-24; 39-25; 39-26; 39-27; 39-36; 39-46 en 39-47.

Description: Carex crawfordii Fern., found in 1926 as an alien near Veghel, prov. Noord-Brabant, was now met with on the stony slope of a new dike of Oost-Flevoland polder between Harderwijk and Lelystad.

Description: Michelia pilifera Bakh. \xc6\x92., nom. nou.\nMichelia velutina Bl., Fl. Jav. (1829) Magn., p. 17, non DC., Prod. 1 (1824) 79.

Description: A preliminary systematic study of the genus Crataegus L. in the Netherlands resulted in the fact that at least 3 taxa can be distinguished, viz. the species C. monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha L., and the hybrid C. calycina Peterm. X C. oxyacantha L. The hybrid was not yet known from this country; it is found in the NE part of Drente in hedges around wet pastures on a clay-formation deposited in the Riss-glacial period.

Description: Dutch floras mention two adventitious species of Erigeron L. sect. Phalacroloma (Cass.) Cronquist, viz. E. annuus (L.) Pers. [= Stenactis annua (L.) N. ab E.] and E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. [= Stenactis strigosa (M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd.) DC.; S. bellidiflora (Wallr.) A. Br. ex Koch]. From a study of the specimens in several Netherlands herbaria appeared that only E. strigosus M\xc3\xbchlenb. ex Willd. has been found here. Nearly all the material belongs to var. septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.; only a few specimens represent var. beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) A. Gray.

Description: The authors give a survey of the occurrence of Rosa dumalis Bechst. in the Netherlands and discuss the differences between this species and R. canina L.

Description: Galeopsis pubescens Bess, has established itself near Oranjewoud (prov. Friesland); it was found there for the first time in 1910.

Description: After Vallisneria spiralis was found in 1960 at Maastricht in the canal from that town to Li\xc3\xa8ge, the species was discovered in 1962 in large quantities in the overflow of the river Meuse, in the Bosscherveld, north of Maastricht.

Description: Dryopteris tavelii Rothm. (fig. 1, c\xe2\x80\x94h) has been found in the Netherlands in several localities. The morphological characters are enumerated and compared with those of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott (fig. 1, a\xe2\x80\x94b) and D. borreri Newm. (fig. 1, i). D. tavelii showing a considerable variation in its characters, the rather current opinion that all its forms resemble habitually D. borreri much more than D. filix-mas, is erroneous. The possible occurrence of secondary hybridization (D. tavelii \xe2\x99\x82 X D. filix-mas \xe2\x99\x80) must not be excluded. Not all forms of the hybrid-swarm reproduce apogamously, a quite sterile form, with relatively many characters of D. filix-mas, having been found at Winterswijk. D. borreri has never been recorded from the Netherlands.\nCorrectie bij Pteridologische aantekeningen, 1: In Gorteria 1 (6), p. 58, 3e alinea, regel 8\xe2\x80\x9410, leze men: Sporen van A. ruta-muraria zijn ongeveer 50\xe2\x80\x9451 \xc2\xb5 lang, van A. adiantum-nigrum (s.s.) ongeveer 44 \xc2\xb5 en van de bastaard meestal kleiner dan 27 \xc2\xb5.

Description: In 1962 Microthamnion strictissimum Rabenhorst was found twice in the Netherlands, whereas it had not been recorded before from that country. It was collected in a shallow oligotrophic pool (Leersumse Veld, Eerste Plas, prov. Utrecht) as well as in an also shallow but eutrophic one (Herenvennen, Bergen, prov. Limburg).

Description: Hippuris vulgaris L. f. undulata Boll. Van de heren D. C. van Dord en G. Rietveld ontvingen wij materiaal van Hippuris vulgaris met fijn gekroesde ondergedoken bladen, dat gevonden was in een sloot aan de weg tussen Kesteren en Ochten op 25 juli 1963 en dat gerekend moet worden tot de f. undulata Boll, in Arch. Ver. Fr. Naturgesch. Mecklenb. 14, 1860, p. 245. v. O. en R.

Description: A few specimens of Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich., a native of Canada and the United States, were found in a wild state in the Botanical Garden \xe2\x80\x9cDe Wolf\xe2\x80\x9d at Haren, prov. Groningen, in 1961 and 1962. As S. cernua was never cultivated there, and unintentional introduction by men is rather unlikely, the authors suppose that seeds of the species, which is sometimes cultivated in aquaria and terraria, may have found their way to the garden.

Description: 1. The chromosome numbers of 10 species of the genus Viola in the Netherlands were determined. 2. Viola riviniana has various chromosome numbers: 2n = 35, 40, 45, 46, 47 (most often 2n = 40). 3. It was not possible to find a correlation between the external morphology and the various chromosome numbers in V. riviniana. 4. Despite the variability of V. riviniana it proved impossible to divide the Dutch material into subspecies. 5. Some differential characters of V. riviniana and V. reichenbachiana are described. 6. V. canina is not variable in cytological respect in the Netherlands. 7. V. calaminaria is not related to V. lutea but to the V. tricolor complex.

Description: This paper deals with the habitat of Cornus suecica in pine and spruce plantations near Wilhelmshaven (N.W. Germany), one of its southernmost localities in Europe. The table of records represents a transect from open pinewood to a dense, mixed pine-spruce-wood. All the shrubs, as well as the herbs and bryophytes of groups 1 obviously prefer the light wood stand, whereas those of groups 2 and especially 3 are most abundant and fertile in dense shade.\nCornus suecica and Trientalis europaea show an opposite behaviour with regard to light, and so do the two closely allied Dryopteris species, D. austriaca and D. spinulosa.

Description: Some new localities of Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad., Trifolium micranthum Viv., and Juncus inflexus L. in the southwestern part of Friesland.\nNaschrift van de redactie. Tijdens het voor de druk gereed maken van bovenstaand artikel ontvingen wij van de heer Van der Ploeg enige exemplaren van Trifolium micranthum Viv., die hij aantrof in het herbarium van een van zijn leerlingen, S. Muizelaar, en die verzameld waren op de oostelijke helft van het Oudemirdumer Klif. Deze nieuwe vindplaats vormt dus een schakel tussen die bij Vollenhove en de hier boven beschreven vondst op de dijk van Workum naar Hindelopen.\nVerder is het vermeldenswaard dat T. micranthum ook op Ameland blijkt voor te komen. Het was wederom de heer Van der Ploeg die de soort daar in augustus j.l. ontdekte op de Waddenzeedijk ten zuiden van Ballum, weer op een door schapen beweid dijktalud. Kort daarna bleek hem dat het plantje op het stuk Waddenzeedijk beginnend ten zuiden van Ballum tot voorbij de Reeweg ten zuiden van Hollum eigenlijk overal te vinden was.

Description: Epilobium inornatum Melville, a species native in New Zealand, and cultivated in rock-gardens, has established itself in a number of parks and gardens in the Netherlands since 1932.

Description: This series of acquisitions to the Netherlands adventitious flora contains descriptions of and notes on 1. Acaena ovalifolia Ruiz & Pav., 2. Amsinckia retrorsa Suksd., and 3. Bidens frondosus L. var. anomalus Porter ex Fernald. Moreover two species are mentioned that escaped from cultivation.

Description: Tetramyxa parasitica Goebel. In Gorteria 1, no. 12, 1963, p. 138 vermeldt C. den Hartog deze, gallen op Ruppia veroorzakende, schimmel voor de eerste maal voor ons land, en wel van enige inlagen op Schouwen en Noord-Beveland. Bij het doorzien van het Ruppia-materiaal van het Rijksherbarium en de Kon. Ned. Botanische Vereniging bleek, dat zich in laatstgenoemde collectie een plant van Ruppia maritima met Tetramyxa-gallen bevindt, verzameld in 1868 door F. Holkema \xe2\x80\x9ein een oude doorbraak in de Kuil op Texel\xe2\x80\x9d. v. O. en R.\nErica scoparia L. nu ook op Texel. Door de heer W. A. Luynenberg werd, samen met de heer G. J. de Haan en op diens aanwijzing, op Texel aan de Hoornse Slag op 27 augustus 1963 materiaal verzameld van bovengenoemde soort, die daar in een tweetal exemplaren voorkomt. De planten groeiden op enigszins gestoord terrein. Ook hier is het weer, evenals op Terschelling, voorlopig onmogelijk een bevredigende verklaring van het voorkomen te geven; het wordt er alleen maar nog raadselachtiger door. v. O. en R.

Description: Een ongewoon adventiefterrein bij Hellevoetsluis. Nadat tussen Hilversum en Bussum in de eerste wereldoorlog carbid-afval gestort was en er in deze kalkarme omgeving Epipactis palustris, Pyrola rotundifolia en Dactylorchis praetermissa verschenen, vindt men nu op een terrein ten Westen van Hellevoetsluis iets dergelijks.\nMaaike Klein uit Oostvoorne en andere N.J.N.-ers wezen mij Asplenium trichomanes op en onder uit de Ardennen afkomstige steenbrokken, die in grote hoeveelheden in depot i geen voor de Deltawerken. Er kwam nog meer te voorschijn: Dryopteris filix-mas, Aspenium ruta-muraria, Cardaminopsis arenosa (in zeer mooie, grootbloemige en lila exx.), Linaria cymbalaria, Sedum album en Origanum vulgare. Zonder twijfel zal bij secuur speuren, wat niet zo gemakkelijk is op de onbegaanbare steenbergen, deze lijst uitgebreid kunnen worden.

Description: The composition of the 2nd part of this work corresponds to that of the 1st, but, because it deals with only one class, the Monocotyledons, the whole could be more homogeneous. The Monocotyledons are systematically and anatomically less profoundly examined than the Conifers and the Dicotyledons, and for that reason it might be expected that phytochemistry could offer more often a solution in difficult taxonomical questions than in the above mentioned taxa. Unfortunately the phytochemical knowledge of the ca. 40 families of Monocotyledons has appeared to be so scant that it was impossible to base a comparison of the taxa on the chemical constituents. Only in a few cases there appeared to be clear chemical relations or differences, e.g. in the taxa of the Liliaceae \xe2\x80\x93 Amaryllidaceae complex.\nAs in the first part of this book the author followed the view of Von Wettstein regarding the circumscription of the families, except for instances where chemistry favoured the splitting into smaller ones, as one can find so often in Hutchinson\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cFamilies of Flowering Plants\xe2\x80\x9d. For this reason Von Wettstein\xe2\x80\x99s large families in the Helobiae have been accepted against the smaller concepts in this group by Hutchinson; reversely, Hutchinson has partly been followed in that the Liliaceae-Dracaenoideae together with the Amaryllidaceae-Agavoideae, occur combined as Agavaceae. Subfam. Amaryllidoideae (Allioideae excepted) has been considered as a separate family Amaryllidaceae, because of the occurrence of alkaloids in this group and the total absence of this constituent in the other taxa of the former Amaryllidaceae s.l.

Description: Opgedragen aan Prof. Dr. H. Boschma ter gelegenheid van zijn 70ste verjaardag.\nThe subfamily Rumininae of the pulmonate gastropod family Subulinidae is represented in Southern Africa by the endemic genus Xerocerastus Kobelt & von M\xc3\xb6llendorff, 1902. Xerocerastus has been divided into three subgenera, viz., Xerocerastus s.s., Lubricetta Haas, 1928 and Namibiella Zilch, 1954 \xc2\xb9). About fourteen species with many varieties, of which most are probably only of ecological significance, are now generally recognized. The genus is not treated in Connolly\'s monograph (1939), but the group has been reported upon in detail by various authors, viz., Connolly (1930), Zilch (1939, 1954) and Van Bruggen (1963).\nA number of years ago my attention was drawn to a sample of Xerocerastus burchelli (Gray) from the Northern Transvaal, preserved in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; this seemed outside the known range of both genus and species and the case was filed for further investigation. Only recently I have had opportunity to go into this matter and the results of this study are presented here.\nPilsbry (1919, pp. 309-310, fig. 158) was the first to discuss distribution and affinities of the genus Xerocerastus. Degner\'s (1923) studies of the anatomy showed that, contrary to general opinion, Xerocerastus does not belong to the Enidae, but must be referred to the family Subulinidae of the superfamily Achatinacea (c.q. Achatinidae s.l.). Consequently in showing the distribution of Xerocerastus as a subgenus of Cerastus, and in connection with the range of the latter, Pilsbry\'s map has to a certain extent lost its meaning. The genus Xerocerastus has to be considered an isolated element

Description: The genus Acidostoma was established by Lilljeborg (1865, p. 24) to receive Anonyx obesus Sp. Bate (1862, p. 74). Afterwards two further species have been added, viz. A. laticorne G. O. Sars (1879, p. 440) and A. nodiferum Stephensen (1923, p. 40). In the present paper it will be shown that A. laticorne as generally understood comprises two superficially similar but clearly distinct species with a widely different geographical range.\nOn the whole the species of Acidostoma appear to be nowhere numerous and practically nothing is known about their ecology. The present writer has had access to a comparatively large number of specimens collected by the Danish Fisheries Research vessels in the North Sea. From these it was possible to draw some further information both on taxonomy and ecology.\n\nDEFINITION OF THE GENUS\nIn most respects the Acidostoma species are typical representatives of the family Lysianassidae, but the mouth-parts are peculiar and show a series of interesting adaptations. The generic name was chosen by Lilljeborg in order to call attention to the fact that they form a long and protruding cone.\nThe generic definition given by Lilljeborg (1865) runs as follows: "Forma corporis et antennarum cum genere Anonycis congruit, oris partes appendiculares tamen plane diversae. Labii rami laterales angusti. Mandibulae processu accessorio, maxillae 1: mi paris palpo, et palpus maxillipedum ungue carentes, et hae partes oris conjunctim acumen productum praebent. Pedes trunci 1: mi paris robusti, manu prehensili. Pedes 2: di paris graciles, ungue carentes." This definition was amplified by Della Valle (1893, p. 782), G. O. Sars (1895, pp. 37-38), and Stebbing (1906, p. 14). It was demonstrated that

Description: The genus Cerceris Latreille contains several hundreds of species and is represented in all zoological regions, in temperate areas as well as in the tropics and subtropics. In 1942 Arnold stated that about 650 specific names had been proposed in this genus; since then another 125 new species have been described.\nThe species of certain parts of the world are well known. In recent years De Beaumont (1950, 1951, 1958) and others have published some important revisions of the species of Europe and North Africa, while Tsuneki (1961) studied the species of North Eastern Asia (for further references see pp. 19-21 of Tsuneki\'s paper). The Ethiopian Cerceris have been monographed by Brauns (1926) and by Arnold (1931, 1942). The species of the Nearctic region have been studied for several years by Prof. H. Scullen, who informed me that an extensive revision will appear in 1964.\nObviously it would be of considerable interest to study the relationships within this genus from a worldwide point of view. Unfortunately, this is still far from possible, mainly on account of our insufficient knowledge of the species of South America and of the Oriental and Australian regions.\nAs regards the Oriental region, the only more comprehensive paper is Turner\'s revision (1912) of the species inhabiting the former British India; it deals with 61 species, including 22 new ones. The Cerceris species of the Indo-Australian archipelago have never been revised, and our knowledge of this subject consists of no more than about 30 separate decriptions, many of which are very incomplete.\nThe present paper on the Javan Cerceris is a first attempt towards improvement of this situation; I hope that it may be followed by similar studies

Description: In het standaardwerk \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" van Max Weber (1904) treffen wij op p. 550 de taxonomie aan van de Trichechidae, welke thans Odobenidae worden genoemd. Op genoemde pagina lezen wij: \xe2\x80\x9ePlioc\xc3\xa4ne Reste aus England und Belgien beweisen die fr\xc3\xbchere gr\xc3\xb6ssere Verbreitung". Pliocene overblijfselen uit ons land waren dus in 1904 blijkbaar nog niet bekend.\nIn 1906 werd in Nederland de eerste duidelijke aanwijzing gevonden van een fossiele Odobenus. Een visser vond toen namelijk tegenover Breskens, Zeeuwsch Vlaanderen, in de Wester-Schelde een schedel met de beide slagtanden. Hieronder hoop ik op deze en dergelijke vondsten terug te komen.\nIn 1927-1928 kwam de tweede druk van \xe2\x80\x9eDie S\xc3\xa4ugetiere" uit; Weber had zich toen verzekerd van twee medewerkers, O. Abel en H. M. de Burlet.\nHet omvangrijke werk verscheen nu in twee delen en in deel II (1928, p. 353) staat onder de vindplaatsen van fossiele Odobenidae ook ons land vermeld. Vindplaatsen, data en namen van de gevonden stukken worden niet genoemd, terwijl de naam van het geslacht Odobenus Brisson is veranderd in die van Trichecodon Lankester, waarbij nog aangetekend wordt, dat dit laatstgenoemde genus dichtbij de recente walrus Odobenus rosmarus (L.) staat.\nWenden wij ons nu tot de gevonden resten:\nDE FOSSIELE WALRUSSEN VAN NEDERLAND\nOdobenus huxleyi (Lankester) (Pl. XIII) 1. Zomer 1906. Bij Breskens werd in de Wester-Schelde gevonden een schedel met de twee slagtanden, doch zonder onderkaak. Dit stuk kwam in handen van dr. S. Schouten, die het schonk aan het Geologisch Instituut te Utrecht. In 1907 heeft L. Rutten de schedel aldaar onderzocht en

Description: Lorsqu\'il faut se contenter d\'espaces restreints, comme c\'est le cas dans le b\xc3\xa2timent des singes du jardin zoologique d\'Anvers, il peut arriver facilement que des repr\xc3\xa9sentants de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces soient log\xc3\xa9s dans une m\xc3\xaame cage. Ce fut entre autre le cas d\'un m\xc3\xa2le cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona, Cercopithecus mona mona (Schreber), et d\'une femelle singe argent\xc3\xa9, Cercopithecus mitis doggetti Pocock (anciennement l\'esp\xc3\xa8ce \xc3\xa9tait connue sous le nom C. leucampyx Fischer). Cette derni\xc3\xa8re avait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 accoupl\xc3\xa9e auparavant \xc3\xa0 un m\xc3\xa2le de la m\xc3\xaame esp\xc3\xa8ce; le jeune qui vint au monde ne v\xc3\xa9cut que 44 jours; lorsqu\'il naquit, son p\xc3\xa8re \xc3\xa9tait d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 mort.\nLa femelle qui surv\xc3\xa9cut fut plac\xc3\xa9e aupr\xc3\xa8s d\'un cercopith\xc3\xa8que mona tr\xc3\xa8s robuste, de sorte qu\'il fut ainsi possible d\'exposer les deux esp\xc3\xa8ces tout en n\'utilisant qu\'une seule cage. Quel ne fut pas notre \xc3\xa9tonnement lorsque nous constat\xc3\xa2mes que le volume du corps du singe argent\xc3\xa9 fit appara\xc3\xaetre que l\'animal \xc3\xa9tait en gestation. Bien que la mise en commun de diff\xc3\xa9rentes esp\xc3\xa8ces de singes ne soit pas une exception dans un jardin zoologique, Gray ne mentionne dans son ouvrage relatif aux mammif\xc3\xa8res hybrides que quatre exemples seulement de Cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, notamment Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca radiata (Geoffroy), Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus (F. Cuvier) X Macaca sinica (Linnaeus), Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (Linnaeus) X Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann), et Cercopithecus mitis Wolf X Cercocebus torquatus torquatus (Kerr). J\'apprend par le Dr. E. F. Jacobi, directeur de \xe2\x80\x9eNatura Artis Magistra" \xc3\xa0 Amsterdam, qu\'un couple de cercopith\xc3\xa8ques, compos\xc3\xa9 d\'un m\xc3\xa2le Cercopithecus mona (Schreber) et d\'une femelle Cercopithecus albogularis (Sykes) de ce jardin zoologique a donn\xc3\xa9 naissance aux jeunes suivantes: 2 m\xc3\xa2les n\xc3\xa9s le 11 mai

Description: PARNASSIUS GLACIALIS BUTLER\nW\xc3\xa4hrend meines vorj\xc3\xa4hrigen \xe2\x80\x94 leider zu kurzen \xe2\x80\x94 Aufenthalts in Japan konnte ich in Begleitung entomologischer Freunde das Biotop von Parnassius glacialis Butler kennen lernen und eine Anzahl Falter dieser Art erbeuten.\nIch habe die P. glacialis in The National Science Museum, Tokyo, besichtigt, hatte vor allem aber den Vorzug, das \xc3\xbcberaus reichhaltige P. glacialis-Material in der gr\xc3\xb6ssten Sammlung japanischer Lepidopteren von Herrn Kei Hayashi, Tokyo, zu studieren. Interessant f\xc3\xbcr mich war Herrn Hayashi\'s Ansicht, dass P. glacialis Butler in Japan nur zwei Erscheinungsformen, bzw. Unterarten zeigt, eine dunkle im Westen unter dem klimatischen Einfluss des Japanischen Meeres, und eine helle, die sich unter den klimatischen Bedingungen des Pacifischen Ozeans im Osten ausgebildet hat. Diese Unterteilung ist grosso modo zweifellos richtig, doch glaube ich nach erneutem Studium des in meiner Sammlung befindlichen P. glacialis-Materials, dass sich in Japan doch mehr Subspecies mit karakteristischem Habitus feststellen lassen.\nBei \xc3\x9cberpr\xc3\xbcfung der P. glacialis Butler behandelnden Litteratur bin ich auf Fehler, den Topotypus betreffend, gestossen. Verity in Rhopalocera Palaearctica, Bryk im Tierreich, Bryk und ich in Parnassiana verlegen diesen nach Nikko, bzw. Yokohama. Butler schickt indessen der Beschreibung seines P. glacialis und anderer Lepidoptera in The Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. IX die Erkl\xc3\xa4rung voran: \xe2\x80\x9eA list of the Diurnal Lepidoptera recently collected by Mr. Whitely in Hakodadi (N. Japan)". Es kann wohl kaum zweifelhaft sein, dass es sich bei dieser Lokalit\xc3\xa4t um den auf japanischen Karten als Hakodate angegebenen Platz auf Hokkaido handelt. Das British Museum, London, hatte die Freundlichkeit, mir ein Foto der Holotype von

Description: A sample of fig wasps from New Caledonia, sent to me by Mr. E. J. H.\nCorner, contained a species of Blastophaga Gravenhorst (Agaonidae) and a species of Sycobiella Westwood (Torymidae). The insects were reared from the receptacles of Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. The Blastophaga is of interest because it is the first record of a fig wasp from any Ficus of the section Oreosycea. The species of Sycobiella is the first to become known in both sexes.\nSycobiella boschmai sp. n.\nSeries \xe2\x99\x80, \xe2\x99\x82, ex Ficus dzumacensis Guillaum. (det. E. J. H. Corner), Mt. Kogi, New Caledonia, leg. H. S. McKee, 26 December 1960, no. 7797; coll. Museum Leiden, no. 574; holotype (\xe2\x99\x82), slide no. 574b, allotype (\xe2\x99\x80), no. 574a, paratypes (\xe2\x99\x82, \xe2\x99\x80), no. 574c, d, e.\nMale. \xe2\x80\x94 Head (fig. 20) not quite as long as wide. Eyes large. Antennal toruli situated on the dorsal surface, wide apart, with large lateral ridges.\nOcelli absent. Epistomal margin very faintly trilobate, with six stout hairs.\nMandible large, nearly as long as the head, with a subapical tooth (without glands), and a bidentate axial process (with two glands) near the base.\nMaxilla with many long, stout hairs. Maxillary palpus (fig. 1) consisting of two segments, the apical segment nearly twice as long as the basal segment; labial palpus consisting of only one segment.\nAntenna (fig. 11). Scape very large, expanded anteriorly, very shortly stalked; pedicel one fifth the length of the scape; third antennal segment annuliform; the fourth to tenth segments larger, the apical two shaped so as to form a club. Funicular segments with two or three triangular sensilla at the antaxial distal edges, the tenth segment moreover with one sensillum

Description: In the present paper a list is given of the species of two families of spiders, the Micryphantidae and the Linyphiidae, as far as they are known from our country. The list is the result of a revision of the existing records, which date back to 1858, when G. A. Six published a list of spiders collected by him in the province of Utrecht, which was followed in 1863 by a supplementary list. Becker (1879a) republished the records of Six, and moreover mentioned the results of his own collecting in our country (1879b, c).\nI do not know whether the specimens concerned have been lost, or that the collectors did not consider it worth while to preserve the material on which their records are based. Because I have not seen their specimens, I have entered their records with a question-mark. It is possible that Six has given part of his material to A. W. M. van Hasselt, because the type-specimens of Linyphia henricae Six are still in the Collection Van Hasselt.\nVan Hasselt himself has published a catalogue of spiders in 1885, with supplementary lists in 1886, 1890 and 1898. He has preserved a few specimens only of each species, but together they constitute the first collection of spiders from our country still in existence, at present forming part of the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. In an earlier paper (van Helsdingen, 1961) I published the results of a revision of the Micryphantidae and Linyphiidae of this collection. In the present paper van Hasselt\'s records are not repeated, but reference is made to my revision.\nI have attempted to trace the material of the more recent publications, viz., those by Chrysanthus (1951a, b, 1953, 1954, 1955a\' b, 1957a, b, 1958 1961), Chrysanthus, van Damme and Naaktgeboren (1959a, b), van der Drift

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 3\n1. On Labus Saussure and a related new genus......... 5\nLabus Saussure................. 5\nCyrtolabus gen. n.................. 11\n2. On Pareumenes Saussure and related genera......... 14\nPareumenes Saussure................ 16\nPseumenes Giordani Soika.............. 25\nEctopioglossa Perkins............... 29\nNortozumia van der Vecht.............. 39\nPseudozumia Saussure............... 41\nCoeleumenes gen. n................. 45\n3. On Anterhynchium Saussure and some related genera....... 57\nAllorhynchium gen. n................. 58\nAnterhynchium Saussure............... 73\nSubg. Anterhynchium Saussure............. 74\n\xe2\x80\x9e Dirhynchium subg. n.............. 77\n\xe2\x80\x9e Epiodynerus Giordani Soika............ 88\nPararrhynchium Saussure............... 94\nOrancistrocerus gen. n................ 99\nRhynchium Spinola................. 109\n4. A new genus for Rhynchium nitidulum (Fabricius)....... 111\nXenorhynchium gen. n................ 111\nLiterature.................... 113\nIndex..................... 114

Description: INTRODUCTION\nUntil now very little has been published on the harvestmen of The Netherlands. The earliest paper known to me is by Goedaert (1669), who mentions Phalangium opilio from The Netherlands and gives the following "biological" information: "The animals originate from mush-rooms; they eat salpetre; catch flies with their many-jointed tarsi; at night they play, because there is nothing to prey on". For a long time this was the only "knowledge" concerning Dutch Opilionida, except that according to Houttuyn (1769), Bennet and Van Olivier (1825), Van der Hoeven (1828, 1859), Snellen van Vollenhoven (1859), and Rombouts (1875), the above-mentioned species occurs throughout The Netherlands. An outstanding anatomical study of the sexual organs of a number of species, by De Graaf, appeared in 1882. In "Les Arachnides de Belgique" the Belgian naturalist Becker (1896) records the presence of Nemastoma lugubre 2), Phalangium opilio, and Platybunus triangularis from localities throughout The Netherlands, and Mitopus morio and Odiellus spinosus from Maastricht. The first important publication on distribution and biology of Dutch harvestmen, is by Loman (1900). He mentions the following species: Phalangium opilio, Opilio parietinus, Leiobunum rotundum, Mitopus morio (common from North to South); Oligolophus tridens, Odiellus spinosus, Platybunus triangularis (on sandy soil, in woods, and in heaths); Nemastoma lugubre, Nemastoma quadripunctatum (in South Limburg). Oudemans (1916) and Arnoud (1955) briefly recorded the presence of Trogulus tricarinatus in Limburg. Van der Drift (1950) listed a number of species collected during his investigation of a beech forest, whilst Van der Hammen (1947, 1950) mentions Mitostoma chrysomelas

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe second author in 1959 and 1960 collected aphids in the Netherlands.\nGermany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Southeastern France, Israel and Iran, concentrating on Phyllaphidine ("Callipterine") aphids. Many species were reared and used for small experiments. In the Netherlands, Austria, and during the period of 22 August 1959 to 13 September 1959 in Southern France, the first author took part in the aphid hunt. The resulting material was handed to the first author for preliminary identification.\nA considerable number of undescribed species was discovered. Rather than merely publish the descriptions we have decided to write a more comprehensive paper. The study of some species, e.g., Therioaphis ononidis (Kaltenbach), over their territory gave us an insight into their intraspecific variability and this knowledge could then be applied to such controversial species as Therioaphis trifolii (Monell).\nTHE HISTORY OF THE GENUS THERIOAPHIS WALKER, 1870 F. Walker very briefly described the genus and indicated Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach, 1846, as the type. As according to Doncaster (1961), Aphis ononidis Kaltenbach is still present among Walker\'s slides, no confusion about the type is possible. B\xc3\xb6rner (1949) erected the new genera Triphyllaphis, Pterocallidium and Myzocallidium which will have to be discussed in some detail.\nTriphyllaphis B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, type Triphyllaphis luteola B\xc3\xb6rner, 1949, is distinguished from the other genera by the presence of pleural hairs in first instar larvae and adults, and the conical shape and absence of notable pigmentation of the hair-bearing processi in apterae. We can confirm the

Description: In the course of my study of the Thymelaeaceae for the Flora Malesiana, it was surprising to find that the well known Asiatic species Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. is very similar to the Malesian A. malaccensis Lamk, and that the Chinese species Ophiospermum sinense Lour, was transferred to Aquilaria independently by Sprengel (1825), Gilg (1894), and Merrill (1920), with the specific epithet either \xe2\x80\x98chinensis\xe2\x80\x99 or \xe2\x80\x98sinensis\xe2\x80\x99. In order to clarify the status and delimitation of the species concerned, the results of my investigations may follow here.\nAmong the unnamed collections of Thailand Thymelaeaceae received for determination from the Kew Herbarium, two species of Aquilaria were found, a new one, A. subintegra Ding Hou, and a new record for the flora of that country, A. crassna Pierre ex H. Lec.

Description: Sea-grasses are phanerogams which are completely adapted to life in marine waters. They are recruited exclusively from two families, the Potamogetonaceae (7 genera with ca. 35 species) and the Hydrocharitaceae (3 genera with 12 species), and form together an interesting ecological group. Consequently, their taxonomy, morphology, flower biology, and geographic distribution have been much studied, especially by Ascherson (1868, 1889, 1906, 1907), Sauvageau (1890, 1891), Ostenfeld (1915, 1916, 1927), Setchell (1920, 1935), and Miki (1932, 1934). In spite of the work of these eminent investigators the taxonomy of several genera viz. Halodule, Posidonia, Zostera, and Phyllospadix is yet imperfectly known. One of the most serious gaps in our knowledge is no doubt the lack of ecological data; this greatly hampers the judgment of the biometric characters of the species with relation to their usefulness for taxonomical purpose. Less important is the fact that the generative parts of several species are partly or completely unknown.\nThe taxonomy of the genus Halodule, which had been known for a long time under the name Diplanthera has been studied in the scope of the revision of the Potamogetonaceae for the Flora Malesiana. The development of the taxonomy of this genus has been seriously obstructed not only by the difficulties in the interpretation of the slight morphological differences between the species but also by the fact that nearly all investigators based their identifications on the works of Ascherson (1889,1906,1907). According to this author the genus Halodule contains two species: H. uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. and H. wrightii Aschers. Although he mentioned differences in generative and vegetative characters, the difference in geographic distribution he regarded as more important. Specimens from the Indo-Pacific were referred to as H. uninervis and those from the Caribbean were called H. wrightii. The geographic character was stressed in particular by Ostenfeld: \xe2\x80\x9cOn the whole it is not possible to distinguish the two species when sterile, except using their quite different geographical distribution as criterion.\xe2\x80\x9d (1902, p. 262). \xe2\x80\x9cDie zwei Arten der Gattung sind einander so \xc3\xa4hnlich, dass es nicht sicher ist, ob sie als zwei Arten beibehalten werden konnen. Ganz wie beim Artenpaare Halophila Baillonis \xe2\x80\x93 H. decipiens sind die Verbreitungsareale eigentlich das beste Unterscheidungsmerkmal.\xe2\x80\x9d (1927, p. 47). No wonder that the specimens in the herbaria all seem to be identified according to the traditional geographic scheme, even when the morphological characters of the plants de not agree with the species descriptions.

Description: At the request of Mr Airy Shaw the type specimen of Placolobium sumatranum Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 1 (1855) 1082 has been examined from the Herbarium at Utrecht by kind permission of Prof. Lanjouw. It is very scrappy and consists of a loose rachis and leaflets and unfortunately the fruit valves described by Miquel are not present and could not be found among the carpologica by Miss Mennega.\nA close examination of the specimen has, however, shown that exactly similar specimens are found under Ormosia macrodisca Baker, showing the slightly sunken veins, areolae of similar size, epidermis with slightly granular surface and same colour, leaflets of same texture, and petiolules thickened, wrinkled transversely with shallow grooves. Moreover, the rachis also fits exactly that of O. macrodisca, is of the same size, lengthwise ribbed, and with the blackish trichomes at the nodes. From the description the fruit valves must also be similar to those of Ormosia macrodisca. Obviously Miquel had received leaves of a sterile twig and a loose fruit (without seed) picked from the ground. At that time the species was undescribed and he was unaware that such large woody fruits occurred in the genus. The species is rather widely distributed and several later collections have been made in Central Sumatra according to Mrs. Knaap in Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 230.

Description: Pacific Plant Areas was first suggested by Prof. Dr. H. J. Lam, Director of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, during the 6th Pacific Science Congress held at Berkeley, California, in 1939.\xc2\xb2 In the 7th Pacific Science Congress held in Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1949, Doctor Lam made a detailed progress report on the project.\xc2\xb9 A further report consisting of an enumeration of the collections made in various islands of the Pacific basin was made by Prof. Dr. W.R.B. Oliver of Wellington, New Zealand, who was chairman of the Committee from 1949 to 1953, in the 8th Pacific Science Congress held in Manila in 1953.\xc2\xb3 During the Congress, its Standing Committee on Pacific Plant Areas was made a subsection of its Botany Section, and Doctor Oliver was succeeded as chairman of the subsection by Doctor Lam who, during the preceding years, had collected a considerable number of tentative distribution maps of genera and species with the help of a number of collaborators.

Description: In Notulae Systematicae 14, fasc. 1 (1950) 24\xe2\x80\x9427, Gagnepain published three new genera of Convolvulaceae, viz. Cryptanthela (l.c. p. 24), Dimerodiscus (l.c. p. 25), and Tridynamia (l.c. p. 26), each of them based on a single species. These species are respectively Cryptanthela sericea Gagnep., Dimerodiscus fallax Gagnep., and Tridynamia eberhardtii Gagnep., all found in Indo-China. The types are preserved in the Paris Herbarium.\nThrough the kindness of the Director of the Phanerogamic division of the \xe2\x80\x9cMuseum National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle\xe2\x80\x9d in Paris, I had the opportunity to study the types, with the following result.

Description: With the start of the publication of the Pacific Plant Areas the need was felt for a bibliography of maps which have been published in the past, even though it appeared that the majority of these maps were not up to date. The quality of the published maps varies enormously from the very clear and elaborated ones in the Pflanzenareale to the curiously aborted one of Parasponia, and to the completely hopeless tangle of lines and dots found on some other ones. Various methods have been employed, from very rough to very detailed, from mere outlines to detailed dotted localities, from a map for each taxon to several taxa on one map. Some authors have delineated tracks instead of areas, as Danser has done in his paper on Polygonaceae, without stating the fact, however. Sometimes the maps were reduced to a scale which is so small that it gave a hopeless result, especially if printed on non-glossy paper. In several cases reading the map is hardly possible without a magnifying glass, and even if the maps are clear enough it is mostly advisable to check the data with the text.\nAlso the facts on which these maps were based were various; some resulted from monographical work, others were obviously solely based on literature; many were copied time and again, especially the show-examples.

Description: The genus Aphylla was proposed by DE SELYS in 1854, when he divided the Gomphoides Complex into the three genera Gomphoides, Aphylla and Cyclophylla (= Phyllocycla; Zoologica 33, Part 2, p. 62, 1948, Cyclophylla preoccupied). However, the differentiating venational characters drawn up by DE SELYS (1854), by DE SELYSHAGEN (1858), and by NEEDHAM (1940) for the genera Aphylla and Phyllocycla are not sharp, as was discussed by CALVERT in his description of Aphylla alia from Kartabo (Zoologica 33, part 2, p. 66-67, 1948). The males of the Surinam dragon flies which have been referred to the genus Aphylla differ from Phyllocycla in that the postero-lateral angles of the tenth abdominal segment are prolonged in a sharp point; the lateral margins of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are not leaf-like but extremely reduced, to narrow strips; and the distal portion of vein A2 is not strongly convergent with vein A3 but diverges somewhat from it and from vein A1. I believe that these characters place beyond doubt the generic status of the Surinam material in question, which is represented in my collection by adults of three species. Of these species, one is Aphylla producta Selys 1854, already recorded as occurring in Surinam and one is the little known species Aphylla dentata Selys 1859, which has not previously been recorded from this country. The third species is closely allied to the latter and is apparently new; in the present paper it is described under the specific name simulata.

Description: Les P\xc3\xa9nicillates de la famille des Lophoproctid\xc3\xa9s ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 signal\xc3\xa9s de plusieurs Antilles, de Trinidad et de la c\xc3\xb4te v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9zu\xc3\xa9lienne. Abondants \xc3\xa0 la Jama\xc3\xafque (mat\xc3\xa9riaux in\xc3\xa9dits de P. F. BELLINGER, ils sont seuls repr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9s dans les r\xc3\xa9coltes faites au Surinam par le Dr. J. VAN DER DRIFT et nous en poss\xc3\xa9dons aussi un exemplaire du Guatemala. La premi\xc3\xa8re mention est d\xc3\xbbe \xc3\xa0 POCOCK (1894) qui d\xc3\xa9crit son Polyxenus longisetis de Moustique et St.-Vincent (petites Antilles du Vent). La diagnose est tr\xc3\xa8s sommaire et LOOMIS (1934 b), se fondant sur la grande longueur des antennes, sugg\xc3\xa8re que l\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa8ce aurait d\xc3\xbb \xc3\xaatre plac\xc3\xa9e dans le genre Lophoproctus; auparavant (1934 a), LOOMIS avait rapport\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 longisetis des sp\xc3\xa9cimens de Cuba (Jatibonico) et de St.-Kitts (= St.-Christophe, petite Antille du Vent situ\xc3\xa9e au Nord du groupe), aveugles et pourvus d\xe2\x80\x99antennes lophoproctidiennes.\nSILVESTRI (1903) d\xc3\xa9crit sommairement son Lophoproctus obscuriseta du Venezuela (Caracas).

Description: In the course of my researches in Surinam a species of Rhodopygia was often collected, the specimens of which answered fairly closely to Dr. F. RIS\xe2\x80\x99s description of Rhodopygia hollandi in the Libellulinae of the DE SELYS collection.\nHowever, after studying PH. P. CALVERT\xe2\x80\x99s original description of the species in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (1911, Odonata, p. 318\xe2\x80\x94319, tab. 9, fig. 54) I found my species to be manifestly different in kind from Rhodopygia hollandi, and hence the determination with the aid of RIS\xe2\x80\x99s Libellulinae was incorrect.

Description: Recently Dr. I. KRISTENSEN, Director of the Caribbean Marine-Biological Institute at Cura\xc3\xa7ao, kindly donated to the Leiden Natural History Museum a small collection of fishes he collected during a 1961 visit to Trinidad. These specimens proved to be of considerable interest, providing new distributional data and even including two species not listed in my previous review of the freshwater fishes of the island (1960), and induced me to prepare the present paper. The opportunity has been taken in this paper to correct some errors and omissions in the review.\nThe species discussed here are numbered in accordance with my 1960 enumeration, the numbers 2a and 68a being additions.

Description: Single female specimens of dragon flies are often difficult to identify owing to the fact that, when they are known at all, the descriptions are incomplete and mostly lack the essential figure of the genitalia. The following are descriptions of the unknown females of five species, the males of which have been known for the last eighteen to fifty years. They are all complete with figures of the genitalia.\nThe material from which the descriptions have been made has been accumulated during many years of collecting. I am indebted to Mr. J. BELLE, Paramaribo, who was kind enough to place at my disposal, for description, some of the unknown females collected by himself.

Description: More than ten years ago, I published some notes on the taxonomy of Surinam millipedes. My intention then was to describe and record in a series of papers the material of Diplopoda in the collections of the Amsterdam and Leiden Museums, and to give a survey of the millipede fauna of Surinam.\nHowever, as this work progressed it became evident that the monographs and revisions by the authors of the previous generation were only too often a quite unreliable basis for the project planned, and that descriptions of new species were rather useless if not preceded by at least partial revisions of the nomenclature and systematics of the genera or even families involved.

Description: The animal remains (mostly of shells, fish, and turtles) collected by Mr. H. R. VAN HEEKEREN and Mr. C. J. DU RY at the Indian site Sint Jan II, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, in March, 1960, include a few specimens of mammals. As was the case with the Indian site Santa Cruz, on Aruba (HOOIJER, 1960), several forms are represented that are no longer extant on the island, although this does not imply that all of them were strictly endemic at the time of formation of the Indian refuse heaps; they may have been imported for food or other purposes. The material dates from 1000\xe2\x80\x941500 A.D., and is therefore late pre-Columbian. The following forms are present:

Description: Dr. J. van der Drift hat im Jahre 1959 in Surinam umfangreiche Untersuchungen \xc3\xbcber die Bodenfauna angestellt, wobei unter anderen \xc3\xbcber 2.500 Scolytiden bezw. Platypodiden zutage kamen, die mir entgegenkommenderweise zur Bearbeitung \xc3\xbcberlassen wurden. Die Determination ergab dabei zwanzig Arten und eine Unterart der Familie Scolytidae und zwei Platypodidae. Von den Scolytiden k\xc3\xb6nnen vier Arten und eine Unterart als neu betrachtet werden.\nDie Scolytiden stellen dabei den gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ften Teil des Kontingents, innerhalb dieser Familie steht wiederum die Gattung Xyleborus an erster Stelle und in dieser vor allem Xyleborus mascarensis Eichh., ein tropisches Allerweltstier mit mehr als 2.300 Exemplaren und zwar ausschlie\xc3\x9flich Weibchen. An zweiter Stelle steht Xyleborus rugosipennis subsp. incertus mit 36 Weibchen. Die gro\xc3\x9fe Zahl der gefundenen Xyleborus mascarensis Eichh. mag dadurch erkl\xc3\xa4rt werden, da\xc3\x9f diese Art au\xc3\x9ferordentlich polyphag ist und \xc3\xbcberhaupt zu den h\xc3\xa4ufigsten tropischen Xyleborus-Arten z\xc3\xa4hlt. Alle Xyleborus-Arten, ebenso Sampsonius dampfi Schedl und die Platypodiden sind Ambrosiak\xc3\xa4fer und k\xc3\xb6nnen nur zur Brut schreiten, wenn frisch gef\xc3\xa4lltes oder von Wind geworfenes bezw. gebrochenes Holz vorhanden ist. Fehlt diese Voraussetzung, was besonders zeitweise in Gegenden vorkommt, die eine ausgepr\xc3\xa4gte Trockenperiode aufweisen, dann ist der K\xc3\xa4fer gezwungen, den geeigneten Zeitpunkt, den Beginn der Regenzeit, abzuwarten und dies gibt eine Erkl\xc3\xa4rung f\xc3\xbcr das h\xc3\xa4ufige Vorkommen in den oberen Bodenschichten.

Description: The family of Syrphid flies (\xe2\x80\x9cHover flies\xe2\x80\x9d or \xe2\x80\x9cFlower flies\xe2\x80\x9d) is richly represented in the Neotropical region. FLUKE\xe2\x80\x99S Catalogue of Neotropical Syrphidae, finished in September 1953, records 107 genera and 1,507 species, exclusive of 100 \xe2\x80\x9cspecies incertae sedis.\xe2\x80\x9d (In actual fact, 1,508 species are enumerated, but Baccha picta Wiedemann (FLUKE, p. 259) is an Ethiopian species.) The large genera Volucella with 274 species, Baccha with 269 species, Mesograpta with 130 species, and Eristalis with 106 species, seem to have had their greatest opportunity of development in this region. However, some of the names will probably prove to be synonyms, since the descriptions by earlier authors are often too short and insufficient to enable a species to be recognized with certainty. As a rule, the species described by recent authors are quite recognizable. \nUp to a few years ago the number of Syrphids described or known from Suriname was very small. Moreover, one of them, Volucella ardua Wiedemann, proved to be synonymous with Volucella tympanitis Fabricius, as stated by CURRAN, who studied WIEDEMANN\xe2\x80\x99S type specimens. Of course, the number of the species taken on occasion in Suriname is somewhat larger; but, as far as is known, no enumeration has ever been published.

Description: Avant d\xe2\x80\x99aborder l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude des poduromorphes du Surinam, je remercie mon Ma\xc3\xaetre Cl. Delamare Deboutteville qui a bien voulu me confier l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude de ceux-ci r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9s par Monsieur J. van der Drift. Dans ce mat\xc3\xa9riel j\xe2\x80\x99ai trouv\xc3\xa9 trois esp\xc3\xa8ces de poduromorphes dont une nouvelle pour la science.\nCes esp\xc3\xa8ces sont les suivantes: Brachystomella parvula (Sch\xc3\xa4ffer 1896), Arlesia albipes (Folsom 1927), Neotropiella vanderdrifti n.sp.

Description: In Band V dieser Schriftenfolge, Seite 85\xe2\x80\x94103, habe ich im Rahmen der Gyriniden-Fauna von Gesamt-Guiana die Taumelk\xc3\xa4fer von Suriname erstmals im Zusammenhang behandelt. Dort finden sich auch die wichtigsten Literaturhinweise, weshalb auf deren Wiederholung in dieser Arbeit verzichtet wurde.\nInzwischen wurden mir durch Dr D. C. GEIJSKES die Gyriniden des von ihm verwalteten \xe2\x80\x9cStichting Surinaams Museum\xe2\x80\x9d in Paramaribo zu Bearbeitung anvertraut, welches Material weitere interessante Aufschl\xc3\xbcsse in Hinsicht auf die bereits bekannten Arten ergab und zur Entdeckung von 3 bisher unbekannten Species f\xc3\xbchrte. Hierdurch \xe2\x80\x94 und durch den Nachweis von G. pescheti, Nennform, bisher nur aus Franz. Guiana bekannt \xe2\x80\x94 erh\xc3\xb6ht sich die Anzahl der bis heute in Suriname festgestellten Formen auf 11.

Description: La collection de Collemboles rapport\xc3\xa9e de la Guyane Hollandaise par notre Coll\xc3\xa8gue Monsieur J. VAN DER DRIFT est relativement importante.\nToutefois elle ne comprend que 5 esp\xc3\xa8ces de Collemboles Symphypl\xc3\xa9ones qui seront \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9es ici. La pr\xc3\xa9sente \xc3\xa9tude permettra de constater \xc3\xa0 quel point cette faune est originale et combien il serait int\xc3\xa9ressant de mieux conna\xc3\xaetre la faune tropicale de l\xe2\x80\x99Am\xc3\xa9rique m\xc3\xa9ridionale.