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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aerial exposure on concentrations of selected metabolites in blood of the Norwegian lobsterNephrops norvegicus (Crustacea: Nephropidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 105 (1990), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Norwegian lobsterNephrops norvegicus (L.) collected from Firth of Clyde, Scotland between December 1987 and March 1988, was unable to survive longer than 18 h experimental emersion at 10°C. During this time the partial pressure of oxygen (P ν O2) in the venous blood decreased rapidly and the lobster supplemented cellular energy requirements by anaerobic metabolism. This was indicated by the rapid accumulation ofL-lactate in the blood. Although the survival rate increased (to ca 36 to 48 h) if lobsters were kept on ice, the accumulation ofL-lactate in the blood was not significantly different from lobsters at 10°C, despite the temperature difference. There was no indication thatN. norvegicus was able to further metabolize circulatingL-lactate during emersion. On emersion there was also a marked hyperglycemia in the blood due to the stress of handling and asphyxiation. There was fairly good agreement between results obtained during laboratory studies and simulated fishing activity in the Firth of Clyde. Both sets of results are discussed in the context of adaptation to air breathing within the Crustacea and an assesment of post-harvest treatment of lobsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344278
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the effects of temperature, salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of nauplii of different strains of Artemia (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of temperature, salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of three different strains of Artemia nauplii have been studied. When acclimated to a salinity of 30‰, nauplii from each of the three strains were able to maintain approximately constant rates of oxygen consumption over a wide range of oxygen tension. The ability to maintain respiratory independence during hypoxia was reduced, however, with an increase in either temperature or salinity. Nauplii of two of the strains (parthenogenetic diploid and tetraploid) showed a progressive increase in the rate of oxygen consumption with increasing temperature up to 35°C. Nauplii of the bisexual strain appeared to be less tolerant of exposure to temperatures 〉30°C, since at higher temperatures their oxygen consumption declined slightly. The differences between the nauplii of the different strains in their physiological responses to changing environmental conditions appear to correlate well with their seasonal occurrence in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349774
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mate competition in the velvet swimming crab Necora puber: effects of perceived resource value on male agonistic behaviour (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 579-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male velvet swimming crabs [Necora puber (L.)] were observed to engage in long and vigorous agonistic interactions to gain possession of a sexually receptive female. The role of agonistic behaviour in male mate competition in this species was examined by investigating the effect of the perceived presence of sexually receptive females on interactions between males. Exposing male crabs to water conditioned by sexually receptive females resulted in prolonged interactions, with a greater incidence of potentially injurious behaviour than interactions between control crabs, exposed only to sea water. Maleconditioned water also resulted in more offensive behaviour, but these interactions were of shorter duration and not significantly different from sea water controls. Agonistic superiority was strongly correlated with contestant relative size when males were exposed to male-conditioned water or sea water, but not when exposed to female-conditioned water. Overall, the results conformed with the general predictions of game theoretic models in relation to the influence of resource value on agonistic behaviour. Crabs were more persistent and probably incurred greater fitness costs in the perceived presence of a sexually receptive female, when interactions may have been resolved on the basis of factors more closely related to actual fighting ability than the relative body sizes of contestants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350078
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of museum specimens to reconstruct the genetic variability and relationships of extinct populations (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ancient DNA ; conservation genetics ; mtDNA ; microsatellites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this review, we discuss the use of DNA from museum specimens to address conservation genetic questions. We provide four examples from our previous studies of the northern hairy-nosed wombat, African wild dog, Ethiopian wolf and red wolf. These species were genetically surveyed using two molecular approaches: first, analysis of short sequences in the mitochondrial genome using species-specific primers, and second, analysis of hypervariable microsatellite loci. The studies demonstrate that museum-derived DNA adds an important dimension to the genetic study of extant populations. Inaccessible populations can be studied, and both the loss of genetic variation and its distribution over space and time can be better understood. Finally, analysis of additional museum material provides definitive evidence for a hybrid origin of the red wolf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921724
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The burrows and physiological adaptations to a burrowing lifestyle of Natatolana borealis (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 805-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isopod Natatolana borealis Lilljeborg constructs U-shaped burrows in soft mud, the bore of which closely approximates the width of the occupant. Within artificial burrows, the isopods are largely quiescent and often adopt a position close to one of the burrow openings. Conditions within burrows constructed in the laboratory are moderately hypoxic [11.7 to 14.9 kPa (88 to 112 torr)], with isopods showing discontinuous irrigation behaviour (pleopod beating). Rates of oxygen consumption $$(\dot M_{O_2 } )$$ (measured at 10°C) are maintained approximately constant over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure (PO 2) due, in part, to a pronounced increase in pleopod beat rate. Values for the “critical” partial pressure of oxygen (Pc), the PO 2 at which $$\dot M_{O_2 } $$ can no longer be maintained independent of PO 2, were 2.0 to 3.3 kPa (15 to 25 torr). N. borealis can survive lengthy periods (65 h at 5°C) of anoxia, during which there is a significant reduction in the carbohydrate concentration and an increase in the l-lactate concentration of the tissues. The oxygencarrying capacity of the haemolymph of N. borealis was low. The haemocyanin showed a relatively high oxygen affinity [P50=0.39 kPa (2.99 torr) at 10°C at the in vivo pH of 7.80] and a pronounced Bohr effect (-1.22). These characteristics may be advantageous to a burrowing mode of life and also for the conditions likely to be encountered in fish carcasses into which they burrow en masse to feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349124
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-base status in the sea urchins Psammechinus miliaris and Echinus esculentus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) during emersion (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 99 (1988), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acid-base status of two sea urchins, Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) and Echinus esculentus (L.) during experimental emersion has been investigated. Sea urchins were collected from the Firth of Clyde between August and September 1987. The carbon dioxide capacity of the coelomic fluid of P. miliaris was greater than that of E. esculentus, although both were low and only marginally greater than that of sea water. The pH of the coelonic fluid was also low (7.05 to 7.17) and was influenced mainly by the internal partial pressure of CO2 (PCO 2). Acid-base disturbance in the coelomic fluid of both species during emersion, although minimal, was more pronounced in E. esculentus than in P. miliaris and was due primarily to an increase in the internal PCO 2, although there was an increase in the concentration of L-lactate in the coelomic fluid of E. esculentus. The coelomic fluid of both species was in a state of perfectly compensated respiratory acidosis. An increase in the concentration of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) may be related to the dissolution of the test as a source of carbonate buffer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392560
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact wedge-peel performance of structural adhesives (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1867-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The impact wedge-peel (IWP) test is an International Standard (ISO 11343) method that is employed to measure the resistance to cleavage fracture of structural adhesives at a relatively high test-rate of 2 to 3 m/s. In the present work this test has been employed to evaluate the performance of a range of structural adhesives when used to bond either steel or aluminium-alloy substrates. Firstly, a novel test arrangement for performing these tests, using a high-speed servohydraulic machine, is described. Tests were performed at 10−4 and 2 m/s and at test temperatures of −40 and 23°C. High-speed photography was also used to investigate the failure of the IWP test specimens. Both stable and unstable types of crack growth were recorded, with the crack propagating cohesively through the adhesive layer in all cases. The methods of data analysis recommended by the International Standard are critically reviewed, and some shortcomings are highlighted. Secondly, the results from the IWP test are then directly correlated to the measured values of the adhesive fracture energies, Gc, of the adhesives, which were determined using a fracture-mechanics approach. Finally, it is demonstrated that, from knowledge of the value of Gc of the adhesive, coupled with a finite-element analysis of the IWP test geometry, the failure behaviour of the IWP specimen may be successfully modelled and predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004793730352
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) II. Limited variability in minisatellite DNA sequences (1991)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 29 (1991), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: marsupial ; koala ; minisatellite DNA ; low variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have examined variability inTaqI andEcoRI restriction fragment sizes of DNA from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) using six HVR (hypervariable region) probes which reveal complex, individual-specific restriction patterns in humans and other species. Frequency of band-sharing among unrelated koalas was extremely high. This result is likely to be a consequence of the history of near-extinction and artificial recolonization of the populations we have studied, rather than a general marsupial or koala-wide phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554143
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer interface for the disabled (CID) (1982)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 20 (1982), S. 645-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Computer ; Disabled ; Microprocessor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443416
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parasitism on respiration rates of adults of different Artemia strains from Spain (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 772-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of cestode parasitism on the respiration rate (Mo2) of different strains of Artemia from wild populations of Spain was studied. Respiration rates (Mo2) of adults from each strain were not affected by the presence of cysticercoids of Flamingolepis liguloides or Hymenolepis stellorae (Cestode, Hymenolepididae). This finding could be related to the absence of reproductive activity (parasite castration) in parasitized females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360000236
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