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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources and pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons into the natural dump Arkona Basin (southern Baltic Sea) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 839-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Baltic Sea ; Arkona Basin ; Hydrocarbons ; Transport ; Hydrocarbon sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and fluffy-layer material, collected in the Arkona Basin and the Pomeranian Bay during 1995–1997, as well as air particulate matter, collected on the island of Rügen during August 1995, were analysed for total organic carbon content, saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The resulting concentrations and distributions of these compounds and molecular PAH ratios are discussed in terms of matrix, origin of the organic matter and seasonal variations. The data show that the Oder river can be identified as a major source for PAH transported into the southern part of the Arkona Basin. A strong atmospheric input of PAH is noted for the central and northern part of the basin. In general, anthropogenic and bacterially degraded hydrocarbons bound to organic carbon-rich and small particles are mainly deposited in the basin center, whereas their natural counterparts accumulate mainly on the basin flanks covered by coarser grained sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900038
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkung von Vasopressin und Oxytocin auf das Nervensystem von Insekten (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 655-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are antagonistically effective substances with inverse dependence on concentration in the nervous system of insects. These results emphasize the central importance of neurohormonal control of general response in the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01898746
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coal mine workers' pneumoconiosis (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 30 (1997), S. 72-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Coal mine workers' pneumoconiosis ; Coalification ; Macerals ; Organic compounds ; Phenols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The fibrogenic and cytotoxic potential of coal mine dust is independent of the amount of quartz and other inorganic parameters. Results of coal petrographical and organic geochemical investigations of coals and coal mine dust from the Ruhr and Ibbenbüren Region of Germany demonstrate variations of organic dust amount possibly influencing these noxious properties. Coal mine dust of high rank coals is characterized by a pronounced fibrogenic risk. This risk, independent of the quantity of quartz, is probably based on shape variations of different coal macerals. With increasing coalification of the corresponding seam, the vitrinite is enriched in its dust; however, lower concentrations have been determined for inertinite. Vitrinite shows constant shapes and sizes independent of the rank of coal. Inertinite particles with elongated to fibrous shapes tend to larger sizes with increasing coalification. Strikingly, coal mine dust from miners' lungs with high degrees of coal mine workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is enriched in inertinite. In contrast, high cytotoxicities in cell tests are known for coal mine dust from low coalified coals. High concentrations of phenolic compounds can be extracted by dichloromethane from low coalified coal mine dust. These compounds, which are characterized by a high water solubility and therefore high bioavailability, explain the high cytotoxicities of coal mine dust. Contamination of dust by diesel emissions in the coal mine can act as additionally supporting parameters for extended cytotoxicities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050134
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the determination of major, minor, and trace elements in bark samples (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The large surface area of barks from many tree species enables the effective accumulation of pollutants. Therefore, the analysis of bark material will provide useful information about the degree of pollution of a certain region. The determination of main, minor, and trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) in bark was performed with an Nd:YAG laser coupled to an ICP-MS system. Bark standards for the calibration by laser ablation ICP-MS were prepared from different bark layers which differ for some relevant elements in concentrations. Four digestion procedures for the decomposition of the standard pellets, the numbers of laser shots per sample and of samples per region necessary have been investigated. Representative results were obtained for 5 or more samples taken from different individuals of one species of a sampling area and the averaged element concentrations of 10 separately placed laser shots for each sample. Laser ablation ICP-MS was applied for the characterization of real bark samples from different regions with high and low pollution burden. It was shown that the method is well suited to characterize different degrees of environmental impact. Anthropogenic sources were responsible for the higher concentrations of most of the elements under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050032
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of corrinoid-containing membrane proteins in anaerobic bacteria (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenic bacteria ; Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Acetogenic bacteria ; Corrinoid ; Methane formation ; Cobalt ; Membrane cobamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum a corrinoid-carrying membrane protein complex has been found, to which a tentative role in methane formation has been ascribed. To test this hypothesis representatives from different orders of methanogenic bacteria were examined for membrane-bound cobamides. These species differed in cell carbon precursor, in methane precursor, in occurrence of cytochromes and of the enzyme CO dehydrogenase, and in the systematic position (Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales). All methanogenic bacteria contained cobamides in the membranes in amounts of about 60 nmol/g cell dry weight, in addition to different amounts of cobamides in the soluble cell fraction. The only central metabolic reaction obviously common to all of these methanogens was methyl coenzyme M reduction to CH4. It is concluded that the membrane corrinoid participates in this energy-conserving reaction. Sulfate-reducing and acetogenic bacteria were included in this survey. They contained different amounts of cobamides in the soluble cell fraction but not in the membrane, a possible exception being Acetobacterium woodii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429647
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two distinct transitions in ultrafast solid-liquid phase transformations of GaAs (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.70 Dv ; 71.30+h
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Femtosecond-laser-induced changes of the optical reflectivity and the reflected second harmonic are measured over a wide range of times and laser fluences. Changes of the linear and nonlinear optical properties suggestive of a transition to a metallic state have been observed. For relatively low fluences these changes take tens of picoseconds to develop. For higher fluences the transition takes place in just a few hundred femtoseconds. Our data suggest that, depending on the laser excitation conditions, two distinctly different types of phase transformations are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324257
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute bioavailability of theophylline from a sustained-release formulation using different intravenous reference infusions (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 523-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; absolute bioavailability ; aminophylline infusion ; sustained-release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of different intravenous infusions on the absolute bioavailability of theophylline from a sustained-release formulation has been investigated. Oral administration of 750 mg theophylline (2 capsules Euphylong 375) was referenced to intravenous aminophylline infusions corresponding to 506 mg theophylline over 8 h (63 mg·h−1) in Study 1, and to 749 mg theophylline over 14 h in Study 2. A reduction in the infusion rate from 69 to 33 mg·h−1 was made in Study 2 after 8 h in order to mimic the concentration/time profile of the oral formulation as closely as possible. The absolute bioavailability was 100 (89, 115) % in Study 1 and 88 (73, 105) % in Study 2. The lower clearance values and, as a consequence, the lower bioavailability ratios observed with the higher intravenous dose, although not significant, indicate that the absolute bioavailability of theophylline might appear to depend on the choice of the intravenous reference standard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544248
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic elimination of ACE inhibitors (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 589-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315321
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of valproic acid in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Valproic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; saliva concentration ; urinary excretion ; serum protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) have been studied in 6 healthy subjects following a single 600 mg dose, and after multiple doses over 12 days (1200 mg daily) of enteric-coated sodium valproate. A time lag before absorption of 1 to 2 h was observed in each subject, and then absorption was rapid, peak concentrations being recorded 3 to 4 h after administration of the dose. The plasma level decline was biphasic with a terminal half-life of 15.9±2.6 h in the single dose and 17.3±3.0 h in the multiple dose experiments. There was no evidence of dose dependent kinetics or autoinduction. Total plasma clearance was 0.0064±0.0011 l/kg×h. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.15±0.2 l/kg. The mean steady state plasma concentration (Css) reached after 4 days was 81.3±13.0 µg/ml. Css observed was lower than Css predicted (99.2±14.7 µg/ml) from single dose kinetics (p〈0.001). The difference was probably due to a reduction in plasma protein binding at higher concentrations. VPA concentration in saliva was between 0.4 and 4.5% of the total plasma concentration and was not equal to the concentration of unbound drug in plasma (6.7±0.8% unbound). 3.2% of the dose was excreted in urine as the parent drug and 21.2% as conjugated metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645133
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacogenetic covariation of defective N-oxidation of sparteine and 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sparteine N-oxidation ; debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation ; pharmacogenetics ; debrisoquine metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two subjects from each of the three groups of homozygous rapid, heterozygous, and homozygous non-metabolizers (N-oxidation) of sparteine received a single oral dose of debrisoquine. The urinary ratio of debrisoquine/4-hydroxy-debrisoquine, reflecting the individual's capacity to C-hydroxylate debrisoquine, was closely related to his phenotype for sparteine metabolism. This indicates that the two metabolic reactions are controlled by similar if not identical genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562624
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