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  • 1
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    The Indian Ocean experiment: widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was an international, multiplatform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air pollution from South and Southeast Asia toward the Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season in January to March 1999. Surprisingly high pollution levels were observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone at about 6 degrees S. We show that agricultural burning and especially biofuel use enhance carbon monoxide concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning cause a high aerosol loading. The growing pollution in this region gives rise to extensive air quality degradation with local, regional, and global implications, including a reduction of the oxidizing power of the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lelieveld, J -- Crutzen, P J -- Ramanathan, V -- Andreae, M O -- Brenninkmeijer, C M -- Campos, T -- Cass, G R -- Dickerson, R R -- Fischer, H -- de Gouw, J A -- Hansel, A -- Jefferson, A -- Kley, D -- de Laat, A T -- Lal, S -- Lawrence, M G -- Lobert, J M -- Mayol-Bracero, O L -- Mitra, A P -- Novakov, T -- Oltmans, S J -- Prather, K A -- Reiner, T -- Rodhe, H -- Scheeren, H A -- Sikka, D -- Williams, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1031-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; Agriculture ; *Air Pollution ; Asia ; Asia, Southeastern ; Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Coal Ash ; Fossil Fuels ; Industrial Waste ; Nitrogen Oxides ; Oceans and Seas ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-11
    Description: Terrestrial vegetation, especially tropical rain forest, releases vast quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, which are removed by oxidation reactions and deposition of reaction products. The oxidation is mainly initiated by hydroxyl radicals (OH), primarily formed through the photodissociation of ozone. Previously it was thought that, in unpolluted air, biogenic VOCs deplete OH and reduce the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Conversely, in polluted air VOC oxidation leads to noxious oxidant build-up by the catalytic action of nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO2). Here we report aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases performed over the pristine Amazon forest. Our data reveal unexpectedly high OH concentrations. We propose that natural VOC oxidation, notably of isoprene, recycles OH efficiently in low-NO(x) air through reactions of organic peroxy radicals. Computations with an atmospheric chemistry model and the results of laboratory experiments suggest that an OH recycling efficiency of 40-80 per cent in isoprene oxidation may be able to explain the high OH levels we observed in the field. Although further laboratory studies are necessary to explore the chemical mechanism responsible for OH recycling in more detail, our results demonstrate that the biosphere maintains a remarkable balance with the atmospheric environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lelieveld, J -- Butler, T M -- Crowley, J N -- Dillon, T J -- Fischer, H -- Ganzeveld, L -- Harder, H -- Lawrence, M G -- Martinez, M -- Taraborrelli, D -- Williams, J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):737-40. doi: 10.1038/nature06870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 27 Becherweg, 55128 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Butadienes/metabolism ; French Guiana ; Guyana ; Hemiterpenes/metabolism ; Hydroxyl Radical/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone/analysis ; Pentanes/metabolism ; Suriname ; Trees/*metabolism ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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