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  • 1
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    Transport effects on the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone over the tropical marine regions surrounding India (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: [1]  The measurements of vertical distribution of ozone have been made over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea in spring 2006 during a cruise campaign, namely, the Integrated Campaign for Aerosol, Gases and Radiation Budget. The average tropospheric columnar ozone (TCO) values are found to be 36.1 ± 6.9 Dobson unit (DU) and 41.7 ± 5.0 DU over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, respectively. In contrast to TCO, ozone mixing ratios are higher by about 10 ppbv in the lower 3 km over the Bay of Bengal due to Indo Gangetic outflow above the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Major contribution in the higher TCO value over the Arabian Sea is, possibly, by stratospheric intrusion when ozone in the upper troposphere is higher by about 20 ppbv. The lowest columnar ozone content of 22.4 DU was observed on 30 March in the central Bay of Bengal due to convective activity resulting into lower ozone throughout the troposphere, except between 6 and 10 km altitude. These near simultaneous ozone observations over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea in spring season have revealed the role of regional and long-range transport and local dynamics on the vertical distribution of ozone over these tropical marine regions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    First simultaneous measurements of ozone, CO and NOy at a high altitude regional representative site in the central Himalayas (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-12
    Description: [1]  Simultaneous in-situ measurements of ozone, CO, and NO y have been made for the first time at an high altitude site Nainital (29.37 o N, 79.45 o E, 1958 m amsl) in the central Himalayas during 2009-2011. CO and NO y levels discern slight enhancements during the daytime, unlike in ozone. The diurnal patterns are attributed mainly to the dynamical processes including vertical winds and the boundary layer evolution. Springtime higher levels of ozone (57.5 ± 12.6 ppbv), CO (215.2 ± 147 ppbv), and NO y (1918 ± 1769.3 pptv) have been attributed mainly to the regional pollution supplemented with northern Indian biomass burning. However, lower levels of ozone (34.4 ± 18.9 ppbv), CO (146.6 ± 71 ppbv), and NO y (1128.6 ± 1035 pptv) during summer-monsoon are shown to be associated with the arrival of air-mass originated from marine regions. Downward transport from higher altitudes is estimated to enhance surface ozone levels over Nainital by 6.1 - 18.8 ppbv. The classification based on air-mass residence time, the altitude variations along trajectory and the boundary layer shows higher levels of ozone (57 ± 14 ppbv), CO (206 ± 125 ppbv), and NO y (1856 ± 1596 pptv), in the continental air-masses when compared with their respective values (28 ± 13 ppbv, 142 ± 47 ppbv, and 226 ± 165 pptv) in the regional background air-masses. In general, positive inter-species correlations are observed which suggest the transport of air-mass from common source regions (except during winter). Ozone–CO and ozone-NO y slope values are found to be lower in comparison to those at other global sites, which clearly indicates the incomplete in-situ photochemistry and greater role of transport processes in this region. The higher CO/NO y value also confirms minimal influence of the fresh emissions at the site. Enhancements in ozone, CO, and NO y during high fire activity period are estimated to be 4-18%, 15-76%, and 35-51% respectively. Despite higher CO and NO y concentrations at Nainital, ozone levels are nearly similar to those at other global high altitude sites.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
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    Vertical distribution of ozone in the lower troposphere over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during ICARB-2006: Effects of continental outflow (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-07
    Description: Measurements of vertical distributions of ozone and meteorological parameters were made over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and Arabian Sea (AS) from ocean research vessel Sagar Kanya during the period of 18 March to 10 May 2006 as a part of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB). The observations showed a highly polluted layer (average ozone ∼68.0 ± 10.1 ppbv) over the northern BOB as compared to the northern AS (51.5 ± 7.6 ppbv), southern BOB (42.7 ± 12.8 ppbv), and southern AS (40.9 ± 9.5 ppbv) in the altitude range of 1–3 km. In this altitude range, specific humidity was lower by about 2–6 g/kg, and temperature was higher by 1°C–3°C over the northern BOB and northern AS as compared to their southern counterparts. This comparison and the total potential source contribution function analysis indicate that the observations over the northern BOB and the northern AS were influenced by the transport of continental air masses. The outflow from the polluted atmosphere over northern India, particularly over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, resulted in higher mixing ratios of ozone over the northern BOB. The air masses from the northern Indian region contributed an enhancement of about 13 ± 6 ppbv to the mixing ratio of ozone over the BOB in the altitude range of 0.75–3.0 km. The mixing ratios of ozone in the unperturbed marine air masses were found to be 11 ± 6 and 5 ± 2 ppbv lower than the average ozone over the BOB and AS, respectively. These results clearly show the outflow of continental air containing high ozone and possibly other pollutants over the northern BOB, which can have significant implications in the chemistry and climate of relatively cleaner regions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Transport effects on the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone over western India. (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-29
    Description: In situ tropospheric ozone measurements by balloon borne electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sensors above Ahmedabad in western India from May 2003 to July 2007 are presented, along with an analysis of the transport processes responsible for the observed vertical ozone distribution. This analysis is supported by 12-day back trajectory calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Lowest ozone (~20 ppbv) is observed near the surface during September at the end of the Asian summer monsoon season. Average mid-tropospheric (5–10 km above sea level) ozone is greatest (70–75 ppbv) during April-June and lowest (40–50 ppbv) during winter. Ozone variability is greatest in the upper troposphere with higher ozone during March-May. The FLEXPART retroplume results show that the free tropospheric vertical ozone distribution above this location is affected by long-range transport from the direction of North Africa and North America. Ozone levels are also affected by transport from the stratosphere particularly during March-April. The lower tropospheric (〈3 km) ozone distribution during the Asian summer monsoon is affected by transport from the Indian Ocean via the east coast of Africa and the Arabian Sea. Influence from deep convection in the upper troposphere confined over central Asia has been simulated by FLEXPART. Lower ozone levels are observed during August-November than in any other season at 10–14 km above sea level. These in situ observations are in contrast to other studies based on satellite data which show that the lowest ozone values at these altitudes occur during the Asian summer monsoon.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Variability in ozone and its precursors over the Bay of Bengal during post-monsoon: Transport and emission effects (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-20
    Description: [1]  Simultaneous measurements of O 3 , CO, NO x , CH 4 and light NMHCs were made over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 28 October - 17 November, 2010 to study the role of chemistry and dynamics. The measurements revealed large variability in O 3 (11 to 60 ppbv) and CO (45 to 260 ppbv). Estimated south to north latitudinal gradients in O 3 (3.95 ppbv/°) and CO (16.56 ppbv/°) were significantly higher than those observed during earlier campaigns. HYSPLIT simulated back-air trajectories were used to classify these measurements into pollution plumes from nearby sources (India-Bangladesh region and South-East Asia), influenced by long-range transport and pristine marine air from the Indian Ocean. Inter-species correlations were used to identify emission signatures in these air masses e.g. chemical proxies suggested influence of biofuel/biomass burning in NE-BoB and E-BoB air masses. Principle component analysis indicated contributions of ship emissions to NO x levels over the BoB. Influences of fire from the Myanmar and Thailand regions are shown to be the potential contributor to enhanced CO levels (〉250 ppbv) over the BoB during 14-15 November. Diurnal variations in surface O 3 revealed effects of advection, entrainment and photochemistry. A chemical box model simulated the photochemical buildup in O 3 in polluted air masses and daytime destruction in pristine oceanic air masses.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    A multiwavelength view of cooling versus AGN heating in the X-ray luminous cool-core of Abell 3581 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: We report the results of a multiwavelength study of the nearby galaxy group, Abell 3581 ( z  = 0.0218). This system hosts the most luminous cool core of any nearby group and exhibits active radio mode feedback from the supermassive black hole in its brightest group galaxy, IC 4374. The brightest galaxy has suffered multiple active galactic nucleus outbursts, blowing bubbles into the surrounding hot gas, which have resulted in the uplift of cool ionized gas into the surrounding hot intragroup medium. High velocities, indicative of an outflow, are observed close to the nucleus and coincident with the radio jet. Thin dusty filaments accompany the uplifted, ionized gas. No extended star formation is observed; however, a young cluster is detected just north of the nucleus. The direction of rise of the bubbles has changed between outbursts. This directional change is likely due to sloshing motions of the intragroup medium. These sloshing motions also appear to be actively stripping the X-ray cool core, as indicated by a spiralling cold front of high-metallicity, low-temperature, low entropy gas.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Variabilities in ozone at a semi-urban site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region: Association with the meteorology and regional processes (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-19
    Description: The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region is one of the most densely populated regions in the World, but ground-based observations of air pollutants are highly limited in this region. Here, surface ozone observations made during March 2009–June 2011 at a semi-urban site (Pantnagar; 29.0°N, 79.5°E, 231 m amsl) in the IGP region are presented. Ozone mixing ratios show a daytime photochemical buildup with ozone levels sometimes as high as 100 ppbv. Seasonal variation in 24-h average ozone shows a distinct spring maximum (39.3 ± 18.9 ppbv in May) while daytime (1130–1630 h) average ozone shows an additional peak during autumn (48.7 ± 13.8 ppbv in November). The daytime, but not daily average, observed ozone seasonality is in agreement with the space-borne observations of OMI tropospheric column NO2, TES CO (681 hPa), surface ozone observations at a nearby high altitude site (Nainital) in the central Himalayas and to an extent with results from a global chemistry transport model (MATCH-MPIC). It is suggested that spring and autumn ozone maximum are mainly due to photochemistry, involving local pollutants and small-scale dynamical processes. Biomass burning activity over the northern Indian region could act as an additional source of ozone precursors during spring. The seasonal ozone photochemical buildup is estimated to be 32–41 ppbv during spring and autumn and 9–14 ppbv during August–September. A correlation analysis between ozone levels at Pantnagar and Nainital along with the mixing depth data suggests that emissions and photochemical processes in the IGP region influence the air quality of pristine Himalayan region, particularly during midday hours of spring. The evening rate of change (8.5 ppbv hr−1) is higher than the morning rate of change, which is dissimilar to those at other urban or rural sites. Ozone seasonality over the IGP region is different than that over southern India. Results from the MATCH-MPIC model capture observed ozone seasonality but overestimate ozone levels. Model simulated daytime ratios of H2O2/HNO3 are higher and suggesting that this region is in a NOx-limited regime. A chemical box model (NACR Master Mechanism) is used to further corroborate this using a set of sensitivity simulations, and to estimate the integrated net ozone production in a day (72.9 ppbv) at this site.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
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    The Indian Ocean experiment: widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was an international, multiplatform field campaign to measure long-range transport of air pollution from South and Southeast Asia toward the Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season in January to March 1999. Surprisingly high pollution levels were observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone at about 6 degrees S. We show that agricultural burning and especially biofuel use enhance carbon monoxide concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning cause a high aerosol loading. The growing pollution in this region gives rise to extensive air quality degradation with local, regional, and global implications, including a reduction of the oxidizing power of the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lelieveld, J -- Crutzen, P J -- Ramanathan, V -- Andreae, M O -- Brenninkmeijer, C M -- Campos, T -- Cass, G R -- Dickerson, R R -- Fischer, H -- de Gouw, J A -- Hansel, A -- Jefferson, A -- Kley, D -- de Laat, A T -- Lal, S -- Lawrence, M G -- Lobert, J M -- Mayol-Bracero, O L -- Mitra, A P -- Novakov, T -- Oltmans, S J -- Prather, K A -- Reiner, T -- Rodhe, H -- Scheeren, H A -- Sikka, D -- Williams, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 9;291(5506):1031-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; Agriculture ; *Air Pollution ; Asia ; Asia, Southeastern ; Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Coal Ash ; Fossil Fuels ; Industrial Waste ; Nitrogen Oxides ; Oceans and Seas ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Environment. Environmental monitoring network for India (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sundareshwar, P V -- Murtugudde, R -- Srinivasan, G -- Singh, S -- Ramesh, K J -- Ramesh, R -- Verma, S B -- Agarwal, D -- Baldocchi, D -- Baru, C K -- Baruah, K K -- Chowdhury, G R -- Dadhwal, V K -- Dutt, C B S -- Fuentes, J -- Gupta, Prabhat K -- Hargrove, W W -- Howard, M -- Jha, C S -- Lal, S -- Michener, W K -- Mitra, A P -- Morris, J T -- Myneni, R R -- Naja, M -- Nemani, R -- Purvaja, R -- Raha, S -- Vanan, S K Santhana -- Sharma, M -- Subramaniam, A -- Sukumar, R -- Twilley, R R -- Zimmerman, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):204-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Inelastic Light Scattering Measurements of a Pressure-Induced Quantum Liquid in KCuF_{3} (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description: Author(s): S. Yuan, M. Kim, J. T. Seeley, J. C. T. Lee, S. Lal, P. Abbamonte, and S. L. Cooper Pressure-dependent, low-temperature inelastic light (Raman) scattering measurements of KCuF 3 show that applied pressure above P * ∼7  kbar suppresses a previously observed structural phase transition temperature to zero temperature in KCuF 3 , resulting in the development of a fluctuational (quasielasti... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 217402] Published Wed Nov 21, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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