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  • 2000-2004  (402)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Mutations in MeCP2, which encodes a protein that has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional repressor, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RT T), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. Although the selective inactivation of MeCP2 in neurons is sufficient to confer a Rett-like phenotype in mice, the specific functions of MeCP2 in postmitotic neurons are not known. We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene. Membrane depolarization triggers the calcium-dependent phosphorylation and release of MeCP2 from BDNF promoter III, thereby facilitating transcription. These studies indicate that MeCP2 plays a key role in the control of neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation and suggest that the deregulation of this process may underlie the pathology of RT T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wen G -- Chang, Qiang -- Lin, Yingxi -- Meissner, Alexander -- West, Anne E -- Griffith, Eric C -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):885-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: We combined coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy with nano-electron volt energy resolution and low-temperature near-field microscopy with subwavelength resolution (〈lambda/2) to provide direct and local access to the excitonic dipole in a semiconductor nanostructure quantum system. Our technique allows the ability to address, excite, and probe single eigenstates of solid-state quantum systems with spectral and spatial selectivity while simultaneously providing a measurement of all the various time scales of the excitation including state relaxation and decoherence rates. In analogy to scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, we can now map the optical local density of states of a disordered nanostructure. These measurements lay the groundwork for studying and exploiting spatial and temporal coherence in the nanoscopic regime of solid-state systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guest, J R -- Stievater, T H -- Chen, G -- Tabak, E A -- Orr, B G -- Steel, D G -- Gammon, D -- Katzer, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harrison M. Randall Laboratory of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The interaction of TNF with TNF receptor-1 (TNF-R1) activates several signal transduction pathways. A common feature of each pathway is the TNF-induced formation of a multiprotein signaling complex at the cell membrane. Over the past decade, many of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways have been elucidated. We provide an overview of current knowledge of TNF signaling and introduce an STKE Connections Map that depicts a canonical view of this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Guoqing -- Goeddel, David V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1634-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. goeddel@tularik.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multiprotein Complexes ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: TR3, an immediate-early response gene and an orphan member of the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. In response to apoptotic stimuli, TR3 translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria to induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Mitochondrial targeting of TR3, but not its DNA binding and transactivation, is essential for its proapoptotic effect. Our results reveal a mechanism by which a nuclear transcription factor translocates to mitochondria to initiate apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, H -- Kolluri, S K -- Gu, J -- Dawson, M I -- Cao, X -- Hobbs, P D -- Lin, B -- Chen, G -- Lu, J -- Lin, F -- Xie, Z -- Fontana, J A -- Reed, J C -- Zhang, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1159-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism/physiology ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Steroid ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: The alpha subunit of a prototypical heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), which is encoded by a single gene (GPA1) in Arabidopsis, is a modulator of plant cell proliferation. gpa1 null mutants have reduced cell division in aerial tissues throughout development. Inducible overexpression of GPA1 in Arabidopsis confers inducible ectopic cell division. GPA1 overexpression in synchronized BY-2 cells causes premature advance of the nuclear cycle and the premature appearance of a division wall. Results from loss of function and ectopic expression and activation of GPA1 indicate that this subunit is a positive modulator of cell division in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ullah, H -- Chen, J G -- Young, J C -- Im, K H -- Sussman, M R -- Jones, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2066-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Cell Size ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Glucuronidase/analysis/genetics ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology ; Light ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves/cytology/growth & development ; Plants, Toxic ; Protein Subunits ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2000-09-16
    Description: Optically induced entanglement is identified by the spectrum of the phase-sensitive homodyne-detected coherent nonlinear optical response in a single gallium arsenide quantum dot. The electron-hole entanglement involves two magneto-excitonic states differing in transition energy and polarization. The strong coupling needed for entanglement is provided through the Coulomb interaction involving the electrons and holes. The result presents a first step toward the optical realization of quantum logic operations using two or more quantum dots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen -- Bonadeo -- Steel -- Gammon -- Katzer -- Park -- Sham -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1906-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harrison M. Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA. The Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: Dynamic control of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene expression requires the regulated assembly and disassembly of the enhanceosome, a higher-order nucleoprotein complex formed in response to virus infection. The enhanceosome activates transcription by recruiting the histone acetyltransferase proteins CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300/CBP-associated factors (PCAF)/GCN5, which, in addition to modifying histones, acetylate HMGI(Y), the architectural component required for enhanceosome assembly. We show that the accurate execution of the IFN-beta transcriptional switch depends on the ordered acetylation of the high-mobility group I protein HMGI(Y) by PCAF/GCN5 and CBP, which acetylate HMGI(Y) at distinct lysine residues on endogenous promoters. Whereas acetylation of HMGI(Y) by CBP at lysine-65 destabilizes the enhanceosome, acetylation of HMGI(Y) by PCAF/GCN5 at lysine-71 potentiates transcription by stabilizing the enhanceosome and preventing acetylation by CBP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munshi, N -- Agalioti, T -- Lomvardas, S -- Merika, M -- Chen, G -- Thanos, D -- 1RO1GM54605/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5-T32-GM07367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1133-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HMGA1a Protein ; HeLa Cells ; High Mobility Group Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-beta/*genetics ; Lysine/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Respirovirus/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the cell surface activate heterotrimeric G proteins by inducing the G protein alpha (Galpha) subunit to exchange guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate the deactivation of Galpha subunits to reduce GPCR signaling. Here we identified an RGS protein (AtRGS1) in Arabidopsis that has a predicted structure similar to a GPCR as well as an RGS box with GTPase accelerating activity. Expression of AtRGS1 complemented the pheromone supersensitivity phenotype of a yeast RGS mutant, sst2Delta. Loss of AtRGS1 increased the activity of the Arabidopsis Galpha subunit, resulting in increased cell elongation in hypocotyls in darkness and increased cell production in roots grown in light. These findings suggest that AtRGS1 is a critical modulator of plant cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Jin-Gui -- Willard, Francis S -- Huang, Jirong -- Liang, Jiansheng -- Chasse, Scott A -- Jones, Alan M -- Siderovski, David P -- GM055316/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65533/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65989/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065989/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065989-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065989-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065989-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065989-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Meristem/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Plant Roots/cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Lixia -- Zhou, Hu -- Su, Ying -- Sun, Zhihui -- Zhang, Haiwen -- Zhang, Long -- Zhang, Yu -- Ning, Yuanheng -- Chen, Ye-Guang -- Meng, Anming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activin Receptors, Type I/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology/*metabolism ; *Embryonic Induction ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nodal Signaling Ligands ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: The Bacillus subtilis AT (anti-TRAP) protein inhibits the regulatory protein TRAP (trp RNA-binding attenuation protein), thereby eliminating transcription termination in the leader region of the trp operon. Transcription of the AT operon is activated by uncharged tryptophan transfer RNA (tRNATrp). Here we show that translation of AT also is regulated by uncharged tRNATrp. A 10-residue coding region containing three consecutive tryptophan codons is located immediately preceding the AT structural gene. Completion of translation of this coding region inhibits AT synthesis, whereas incomplete translation increases AT production. Tandem sensing of uncharged tRNATrp therefore regulates synthesis of AT, which in turn regulates TRAP's ability to inhibit trp operon expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Guangnan -- Yanofsky, Charles -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthranilate Synthase/metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; Codon ; Codon, Initiator ; Codon, Terminator ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operon ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Trp/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tryptophan/biosynthesis/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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