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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    A color guide to the petrography of sandstones, siltstones, shales and associated rocks (2014)
    Tulsa, OK : American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 9/S 90.0096(109)
    In: AAPG memoir
    Description / Table of Contents: Grains: Quartz and silica -- Monocrystalline -- Polycrystalline -- Feldspars -- Plagioclase -- Potassium feldspars -- Rock fragments -- Sedimentary rock fragments -- Metamorphic rock fragments -- Igneous rock fragments -- Accessory minerals -- Light minerals: Muscovite ; Biotite ; Chlorite -- Ultrastable heavy minerals: Zircon, tourmaline and rutile -- Intermediate-stability heavy minerals: Apatite ; Epidote ; Zoisite and clinozoisite ; Garnet ; Kyanite ; Monzonite, sillimanite and staurolite ; Titanite -- Unstable heavy minerals: Amphibole, pyroxene and olivine -- Opaque minerals -- Associated detrital grains and rocks: Carbonate grains ; Siliceous grains and rocks ; Phosphatic grains and rocks ; Organic grains and rocks ; Evaporite grains and rocks ; Green marine clays and rocks ; Green marine clays and ironstones ; Iron-rich grains and iron formations ; Tuffaceous deposits -- Texture and classification: Sand and sandstone textures -- Sandstone classification -- Mudrocks: Siltstones, mudstones, claystones and shales -- Diagenesis: Synsedimentary and surficial diagenetic features -- Compaction -- Cementation: Introduction. Quartz and silica ; Quartz overgrowths ; Polycrystalline quartz cements ; Amorphous silica cements -- Cementation: Feldspars -- Cementation: Clays ; Chamosite ; Glauconite ; Kaolinite/dickite ; Smectite and illite/smectite ; Illite/sericite ; Chlorite -- Cementation: Zeolites -- Cementation: Carbonates ; Calcite ; Siderite ; Dolomite ; Ankerite -- Cementation: Sulfates and halides ; Gypsum ; Anhydrite ; Barite ; Celestite and halite -- Cementation: Iron oxides and sulfides -- Cementation: Other cements -- Dissolution -- Replacement and recrystallization: Feldspars ; Carbonates ; Sulfates ; Other -- Deformation features -- Other topics: Porosity -- Paragenesis -- Emerging techniques
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 526 Seiten , Ill. , 1 DVD-ROM
    ISBN: 0891813896 , 9780891813897
    Series Statement: AAPG Memoir 109
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Language: English
    Note: GrainsChapter 1: Quartz and silica - Monocrystalline - Polycrystalline -- Chapter 2: Feldspars - Plagioclase - Potassium feldspars -- Chapter 3: Rock fragments - Sedimentary rock fragments - Metamorphic rock fragments - Igneous rock fragments -- Chapter 4: Accessory minerals - Light minerals: Muscovite - Biotite - Chlorite ; Ultrastable heavy minerals: Zircon, tourmaline and rutile ; Intermediate-stability heavy minerals: Apatite - Epidote - Zoisite and clinozoisite - Garnet - Kyanite - Monzonite, sillimanite and staurolite - Titanite ; Unstable heavy minerals: Amphibole, pyroxene and olivine ; Opaque minerals -- Chapter 5: Associated detrital grains and rocks: Carbonate grains - Siliceous grains and rocks - Phosphatic grains and rocks - Organic grains and rocks - Evaporite grains and rocks - Green marine clays and rocks - Green marine clays and ironstones - Iron-rich grains and iron formations - Tuffaceous deposits.. , Texture and ClassificationChapter 6: Sand and sandstone textures -- Chapter 7: Sandstone classification.. , MudrocksChapter 8: Siltstones, mudstones, claystones and shales.. , DiagenesisChapter 9: Synsedimentary and surficial diagenetic features -- Chapter 10: Compaction -- Chapter 11: Cementation - Introduction / Quartz and silica - Quartz overgrowths - Polycrystalline quartz cements - Amorphous silica cements -- Chapter 12: Cementation - Feldspars -- Chapter 13: Cementation - Clays - Chamosite - Glauconite - Kaolinite/dickite - Smectite and illite/smectite - Illite/sericite - Chlorite -- Chapter 14: Cementation - Zeolites -- Chapter 15: Cementation - Carbonates - Calcite - Siderite - Dolomite - Ankerite -- Chapter 16: Cementaton - Sulfates and halides - Gypsum - Anhydrite - Barite - Celestite and halite -- Chapter 17: Cementation - Iron oxides and sulfides -- Chapter 18: Cementation - Other cements -- Chapter 19: Dissolution -- Chapter 20: Replacement and recrystallization - Feldspars - Carbonates - Sulfates - Other -- Chapter 21: Deformation features.. , Other topicsChapter 22: Porosity -- Chapter 23: Paragenesis -- Chapter 24: Emerging techniques..
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    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 406 (2000), S. 981-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mudstone—the most abundant sedimentary rock type, composed primarily of clay- or silt-sized particles—contains most of the quartz found in sedimentary rocks. These quartz grains, which are chemically and mechanically resistant and therefore preserve their characteristics well, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35023143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facies and origin of shales from the mid-Proterozoic Newland Formation, Belt Basin, Montana, USA (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 36 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Shales constitute more than 60% of the world's sediments, yet while facies models for sandstones and carbonates are at a high level of sophistication, the study of shales has clearly lagged behind. In the mid-Proterozoic Newland Formation six major shale facies types, deposited in nearshore to basinal environments, are distinguished on the basis of bedding characteristics, textural features, and the proportions of silt, clay and carbonate. Textural features of these shale types are related to sedimentary environments as deduced from associated lithologies. The shales are undisturbed by bioturbation, and their textural and sedimentary characteristics reflect subaqueous growth of microbial mats, erosion and deposition by storms, deposition of flocculated vs. dispersed clays, continuous slow background sedimentation, winnowing by waves or currents, and subaerial exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1989.tb00603.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible role of benthic microbial mats during the formation of carbonaceous shales in shallow Mid-Proterozoic basins (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A considerable portion of the upper member of the Mid-Proterozoic Newland Formation, Meagher County, Montana, consists of carbonaceous silty shales (striped shale facies). This type of shale facies is common in Proterozoic basins and is host to several major base metal deposits. The striped shales were deposited in a subtidal setting, basinward of carbonates characterized by cryptalgal laminites, mudcracks and flat pebble conglomerates. The carbonaceous silty shales are considered remnants of benthic microbial mats. Irregular internal laminae, patterns of particle trapping, mechanical deformation during penecontemporaneous soft-sediment deformation and filamentous microbiota provide evidence for this interpretation. The dolomitic clayey shale contains graded silt-clay couplets, and these are interpreted as storm layers. Modern subtidal microbial mats can only survive under special conditions, but in the Proterozoic, it is suggested that benthic microbial mats colonized the shallow seafloor during periods of low sediment input, leading to the formation of carbonaceous shales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00758.x
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  • 5
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    Molecular evidence of Late Archean archaea and the presence of a subsurface hydrothermal biosphere (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences of the USA for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2007): 14260-14265, doi:10.1073/pnas.0610903104.
    Description: Highly cracked and isomerized archaeal lipids and bacterial lipids, structurally changed by thermal stress, are present in solvent extracts of 2,707-2,685 million year old (Ma) metasedimentary rocks from Timmins, Ontario, Canada. These lipids appear in conventional gas chromatograms as unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) and include cyclic and acyclic biphytanes, C36-C39 derivatives of the biphytanes, and C31-C35 extended hopanes. Biphytane and extended hopanes are also found in high pressure catalytic hydrogenation (HPCH) products released from solvent-extracted sediments,indicating that archaea and bacteria were present in Late Archean sedimentary environments. Post-depositional, hydrothermal gold mineralization and graphite precipitation occurred prior to metamorphism (~2,665 Ma). Late Archean metamorphism significantly reduced the kerogen’s adsorptive capacity and severely restricted sediment porosity, limiting the potential for post-Archean additions of organic matter to the samples. Argillites exposed to hydrothermal gold mineralization have disproportionately high concentrations of extractable archaeal and bacterial lipids relative to what is releasable from their respective HPCH product and what is observed for argillites deposited away from these hydrothermal settings. The addition of these lipids to the sediments likely results from a Late Archean subsurface hydrothermal biosphere of archaea and bacteria.
    Description: This project was supported by NASA Exobiology grant #NAG5-13446 to Fabien Kenig. SEM analysis was supported by NSF grant EAR 0318769 to Juergen Schieber. GC×GC analysis was supported by NSF grant IIS-0430835 and the Seaver Foundation to Christopher M. Reddy.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Depositional History of the Chhattisgarh Basin, Central India: Constraints from New SHRIMP Zircon Ages (2011)
    University of Chicago Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by University of Chicago Press
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  • 7
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    Marcasite in Black Shales--a Mineral Proxy for Oxygenated Bottom Waters and Intermittent Oxidation of Carbonaceous Muds (2011)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-01
    Description: Black shales in the geologic record have long been considered to reflect deposition under anoxic or even euxinic conditions. Although bottom-water anoxia favors deposition of black shales, certain biological indicators, such as benthic fossils and bioturbation, suggest that bottom-water conditions may not have been as persistently anoxic as commonly presumed. Examination of twelve marine carbonaceous shale-bearing units, ranging in age from Middle Proterozoic to Cretaceous, suggests that in addition to paleontological clues, early diagenetic marcasite formed in uncompacted surficial sediments is a reliable indicator of oxygen-bearing bottom waters. Marcasite requires low pH values to form, and oxidation of already existing sedimentary pyrite provides a plausible chemical scenario to achieve that condition. In the studied examples, degraded pyrite framboids and corrosion features on pyrite grains indicate partial pyrite destruction in surface sediments, and suggest that intermittent reoxidation of earlier formed iron sulfides may indeed have generated the low pH values required for marcasite formation. Thus, observations of textures spatially associated with secondary marcasite growth are consistent with a scenario whereby oxygen in overlying sea water drove downward migration of oxidation fronts. Pervasive marcasite in black shales from a wide range of occurrences suggests multiple reoxygenation events during the deposition of these shale units and calls for more dynamic ocean circulation than previously assumed. The latter consideration may, for example, prove important for those instances where a black shale is associated with an oceanic anoxic event (OAE), because these are commonly presumed to have been deposited under fully anoxic conditions.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 8
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    A Compositional Classification For Grain Assemblages In Fine-Grained Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks—Discussion (2016)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-01
    Description: Milliken’s (2014) classification scheme for fine-grained sediments and sedimentary rocks is an attempt to provide an improved classification that relies on interpreted grain origin to replace existing nomenclature schemes based on sedimentary structures, grain size, and composition. Milliken posits that existing terminology is confusing and therefore proposes new terms, viz. tarl , carl , and s arl , to define three main types of mudstone categories. We consider the proposed classification impracticable because there are: (a) ambiguities associated with interpreting grain origins (intrabasinal or extrabasinal), (b) difficulties in determining the original mineralogy of diagenetically altered particles, and (c) requirements for specialized equipment and techniques not widely available to many geologists. In our opinion, the proposed classification does not improve geological understanding over prior established classification approaches.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3681
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology
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  • 9
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    Sediment transport processes and lateral facies gradients across a muddy shelf: Examples from the Geneseo Formation of central New York, United States (2017)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 10
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    Association Between Wave- and Current-aided Hyperpycnites and Flooding Surfaces in Shelfal Mudstones: an Integrated Sedimentologic, Sequence Stratigraphic, and Geochemical Approach (2017)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-07
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3681
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology
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