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Plasticity in photosynthetic response to nutrient supply of seedlings from a mixed conifer-angiosperm forest (2005)

CARSWELL, FIONA E. ; WHITEHEAD, DAVID ; ROGERS, GRAEME N. D. ; [et al.]

Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty

Austral ecology 30 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1442-9993

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We measured the plasticity of the response of photosynthesis to nutrient supply in seedlings of the dominant four conifer and broadleaved angiosperm tree species from an indigenous forest in South-westland, New Zealand. We hypothesized that the response of conifers to differing nutrient supply would be less than the response for the angiosperms because of greater adaptation to low fertility conditions. In Prumnopitys ferruginea (D. Don) de Laub. the maximum velocity of electron transport, Jmax, doubled with a 10-fold increase in concentration of nitrogen supply. In Dacrydium cupressinum Lamb. the maximum velocity of carboxylation, Vcmax, doubled with a 10-fold increase in phosphorus supply. In contrast, photosynthetic capacity for the angiosperm species Weinmannia racemosa L.f. was affected only by the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus and photosynthetic capacity of Metrosideros umbellata Cav. was not affected by nutrient supply. The response of the conifers to increasing availability of nutrient suggests greater plasticity in photosynthetic capacity, a characteristic not generally associated with adaptation to soil infertility, thus invalidating our hypothesis. Our data suggest that photosynthetic response to nutrient supply cannot be broadly generalized between the two functional groups.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01486.x

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Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Central Bohemian Pluton, Czech Republic (1995)

Janoušek, Vojtěch ; Rogers, Graeme ; Bowes, D. R.

Springer

Geologische Rundschau 84 (1995), S. 520-534

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ISSN: 0016-7835

Keywords: Key words Bohemian Massif ; Central Bohemian Pluton ; Durbachite ; Enriched mantle ; Granitoids ; Hercynides ; Neodymium isotopes ; Strontium isotopes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Sr-Nd isotopic data for selected granitoids of the Central Bohemian Pluton show a broad negative correlation with the total range of (87Sr/ 86Sr)330=0.7051–0.7129 and ε330 Nd =+0.2 to –8.9. The older intrusions have more depleted Sr-Nd compositions and calc-alkaline geochemistry (Sázava suite), whereas the younger intrusions shift towards K-rich calc-alkaline (Blatná suite) and shoshonitic rocks (Říčany and Čertovo břemeno suites) with more evolved isotopic signatures. The distribution of the data is interpreted as reflecting a diversity of sources and processes, rather than a single progressive crustal contamination trend. The Sázava suite could have originated by partial melting of metabasites, or of a mantle source with an isotopic composition close to bulk earth, or by hybridization of crustally-derived tonalitic and mantle-derived magmas. Variation within the Blatná suite is modelled by mixing between a moderately enriched (87Sr/86Sr)330∼0.708, ε330 Nd∼–3] mantle component with either an isotopically evolved metasedimentary component, or with more evolved magmas of the suite. The Říčany suite was most probably produced by partial melting of peraluminous lithologies, possibly of the adjacent Moldanubian unit. The Čertovo břemeno suite evolved from strongly enriched mantle-derived magmas [(87Sr/86Sr)330∼0.7128, ε330 Nd∼–7], either through closed-system fractional crystallization or interaction with magma corresponding to leucogranites of the Central Bohemian Pluton.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284518

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3

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Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Central Bohemian Pluton, Czech Republic (1995)

Janoušek, Vojtěch ; Rogers, Graeme ; Bowes, D. R.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 520-534

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Keywords: Bohemian Massif ; Central Bohemian ; Pluton ; Durbachite ; Enriched mantle ; Granitoids Hercynides ; Neodymium isotopes ; Strontium isotopes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Sr-Nd isotopic data for selected granitoids of the Central Bohemian Pluton show a broad negative correlation with the total range of (87Sr/86Sr)330 = 0.7051–0.7129 and ɛ Nd 330 = +0.2 to −8.9. The older intrusions have more depleted Sr-Nd compositions and calc-alkaline geochemistry (Sázava suite), whereas the younger intrusions shift towards K-rich calc-alkaline (Blatná suite) and shoshonitic rocks (Říčany and Čertovo břemeno suites) with more evolved isotopic signatures. The distribution of the data is interpreted as reflecting a diversity of sources and processes, rather than a single progressive crustal contamination trend. The Sázava suite could have originated by partial melting of metabasites, or of a mantle source with an isotopic composition close to bulk earth, or by hybridization of crustally-derived tonalitic and mantle-derived magmas. Variation within the Blatná suite is modelled by mixing between a moderately enriched [(87Sr/86Sr)330 ∼ 0.708, ɛ Nd 330 ∼ −3] mantle component with either an isotopically evolved metasedimentary component, or with more evolved magmas of the suite. The Říčany suite was most probably produced by partial melting of peraluminous lithologies, possibly of the adjacent Moldanubian unit. The Čertovo břemeno suite evolved from strongly enriched mantle-derived magmas [(87Sr/86Sr)330∼0.7128, ε Nd 330 ∼ −7], either through closed-system fractional crystallization or interaction with magma corresponding to leucogranites of the Central Bohemian Pluton.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284518

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4

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The role of hybridization in the genesis of Hercynian granitodis in the gredos massif, Spain: inferences from Sr-Nd isotopes (1995)

Moreno-Ventas, Iñaki ; Rogers, Graeme ; Castro, Antomo

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 137-149

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Gredos massif is one the better exposed granitoid complexes of the Iberian massif. It is composed mainly of peraluminous granitoids with subordinate basic and ultrabasic complexes. The massif also contains mega-enclaves of migmatites with which the granitoids show transitional contacts. Two major magmatic associations have been distinguished in this study: (1) One comprises the granitoids with microgranular enclaves, the enclaves, and basic rocks; (2) the other is formed by leucogranites, intrusive into the former series and free of microgranular enclaves. Field relationships and microstructures indicate that the rocks of the first series are related by a dominant hybridization process. The Sr-Nd isotopic study reveals that this process is complex, relating different end-members of mantle and crustal affinities, and occurred around 295 Ma ago, late with respect to the main deformation phases of the Hercynian orogeny. The granitoids with microgranular enclaves (GME) are part of an overall mixing trend involving Palaeozoic mantle-derived magma and melts of older crustal material. Amphibole-bearing GME, in general, contain greater proportions of the mantle-derived component than the cordierite-bearing GME. The actual mixing processes took place on a variety of scales, sometimes between melts which were themselves hybrids. On a local scale this hybridization process can be modelled by simple binary mixing as documented in the case of a composite dyke. The isotopic signatures of the basic rocks are probably, to a large degree, the result of interaction with crustal melts, though additionally the presence of an enriched mantle source cannot be elmininated. Microgranular enclaves and their immediate hosts have differing initial Sr and Nd isotopic signatures, indicating that isotopic equilibrium was not attained. This suggests that the enclaves did not reside in their final granitic melt for long before cooling of the whole system. The enclaves are considered to have been derived from basaltic melts which had fractionated and hybridised to varying degrees. Late-stage peraluminous leucogranites have similar initial Nd isotopic compositions to the evolved GME; a crustal source with a radically different Nd isotopic composition or age does not need to be invoked in their petrogenesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287111

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5

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U-Pb zircon systematics at Gruinard Bay, northwest Scotland: implications for the early orogenic evolution of the Lewisian complex (1998)

Corfu, Fernando ; Crane, Alan ; Moser, Desmond ; [et al.]

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 133 (1998), S. 329-345

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Gruinard Bay area of the mainland Lewisian complex comprises a metamorphosed suite of Archaean trondhjemites and minor granites enclosing remnants of older tonalitic gneiss and mafic to ultramafic enclaves. The U-Pb zircon dating yields ages of 2731 ±14 Ma and 2728 ±2 Ma for two trondhjemite and 2732 ±4 Ma for one granite sample, also revealing the presence of large amounts of inherited xenocrystic zircons. Although the region has been pervasively overprinted by retrogressive events in amphibolite to greenschist facies, the textural relations between biotite, hornblende, quartz and titaniferous minerals indicate that these minerals are pseudomorphs of pyroxene and high-Ti amphibole formed in hornblende-granulite facies. Structural relations link this metamorphism to a steep northeast-trending fabric coeval with the intrusion of the trondhjemites, dated at 2730 Ma. Dating of zircon in amphibolite and tonalite enclaves yields complex internal isotopic relations with apparent ages ranging from 2825 to 2740 Ma. This age range reflects new growth during the 2730 Ma metamorphic/metasomatic events, superimposed on older zircon phases which include combinations of xenocrystic cores, and magmatic and/or metamorphic growth phases whose mode of formation cannot clearly be resolved by imaging techniques (e.g. cathodoluminescence) alone. A pegmatitic vein that escaped the D3 strain and related isotopic disturbances yields a precise age of 2792 ±2 Ma, which constrains to some degree the earliest orogenic events in the area. Age relationships displayed in the central block at Scourie–Badcall, and in the Gruinard Bay area indicate that petrogenetic events in both areas were comparable about 2800 Ma and that both areas underwent trondhjemitic magmatism about 2730 Ma. In contrast, at Gruinard Bay there is no isotopic evidence for a period of high-grade metamorphism and magmatism at 2490–2480 Ma that drastically affected the Scourie block indicating that at this stage the two regions occupied different levels of the crust.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050456

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6

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Evidence for inherited Sm−Nd isotopes in granitoid zircons (1992)

Paterson, Bruce A. ; Rogers, Graeme ; Stephens, W. Edryd

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 111 (1992), S. 378-390

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract This study presents evidence to show that, in addition to preserving U−Pb isotope systematics, refractory zircons also preserve, at least in part, an inherited Sm−Nd isotope component. The zircons analyzed during this study were taken from the Strontian granitoid (NW Scotland). The inner intrusion of this composite pluton is known from a previous study to contain substantial U−Pb zircon inheritance, whereas the outer part has only minor inheritance. Zircons from the inner intrusion were found to have significantly lower εNd425 values than either their host rock, separated apatite or monazite. It is argued that this isotopic disequilibrium is due to the presence of an inherited Sm−Nd isotope component, rather than being due to a post-crystallization disturbance of the zircons. The preservation of inherted Sm−Nd isotopes within refractory zircons implies that they remain closed systems with respect to the diffusion of Sm and Nd (and presumably the other REE) to temperatures in excess of 700°C. The fact that zircons commonly have high Sm/Nd ratios, relative to sialic crustal material, means that the Nd isotopic evolution of inherited zircons will be very different to that of much of the continental crust.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311198

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7

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The role of hybridization in the genesis of Hercynian granitoids in the Gredos Massif, Spain: inferences from Sr-Nd isotopes (1995)

Moreno-Ventas, Iñaki ; Rogers, Graeme ; Castro, Antonio

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 137-149

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Gredos massif is one the better exposed granitoid complexes of the Iberian massif. It is composed mainly of peraluminous granitoids with subordinate basic and ultrabasic complexes. The massif also contains mega-enclaves of migmatites with which the granitoids show transitional contacts. Two major magmatic associations have been distinguished in this study: (1) One comprises the granitoids with microgranular enclaves, the enclaves, and basic rocks; (2) the other is formed by leucogranites, intrusive into the former series and free of microgranular enclaves. Field relationships and microstructures indicate that the rocks of the first series are related by a dominant hybridization process. The Sr-Nd isotopic study reveals that this process is complex, relating different end- members of mantle and crustal affinities, and occurred around 295 Ma ago, late with respect to the main deformation phases of the Hercynian orogeny. The granitoids with microgranular enclaves (GME) are part of an overall mixing trend involving Palaeozoic mantle-derived magma and melts of older crustal material. Amphibole-bearing GME, in general, contain greater proportions of the mantle-derived component than the cordierite-bearing GME. The actual mixing processes took place on a variety of scales, sometimes between melts which were themselves hybrids. On a local scale this hybridization process can be modelled by simple binary mixing as documented in the case of a composite dyke. The isotopic signatures of the basic rocks are probably, to a large degree, the result of interaction with crustal melts, though additionally the presence of an enriched mantle source cannot be eliminated. Microgranular enclaves and their immediate hosts have differing initial Sr and Nd isotopic signatures, indicating that isotopic equilibrium was not attained. This suggests that the enclaves did not reside in their final granitic melt for long before cooling of the whole system. The enclaves are considered to have been derived from basaltic melts which had fractionated and hybridised to varying degrees. Late-stage peraluminous leucogranites have similar initial Nd isotopic compositions to the evolved GME; a crustal source with a radically different Nd isotopic composition or age does not need to be invoked in their petrogenesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287111

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Carbon and nitrogen distribution and accumulation in a New Zealand scrubland ecosystem (2000)

Scott, Neal A ; White, Joseph D ; Townsend, Jackie A ; [et al.]

Canadian Science Publishing

In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2000; 30(8): 1246-1255. Published 2000 Aug 01. doi: 10.1139/x00-048.

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Publication Date: 2000-08-01

Description: Reversion of agricultural land to native woody vegetation can sequester carbon (C), influencing regional and global C budgets. We examined whole-ecosystem differences in C and nitrogen (N) storage and distribution, and sapwood - leaf area relationships in a scrubland vegetation chronosequence in New Zealand dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. et G. Forst) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson). At 25 years, manuka dominated, and vegetation C was 6.5 kg C·m-2. In the 55-year-old stand, stem density was similar for the two species, and vegetation C storage was 15.1 kg C·m-2, similar to the 35-year-old stand (p = 0.9). Foliar biomass comprised 3-5% of vegetation C stock but contained 26%-37% of vegetation N. Root biomass was 10-15% of total and varied little with stand age. The sapwood - leaf area relationship differed significantly for the two species (p 〈 0.05). Mineral soil C and N (to 0.30 m) did not vary with stand age, but forest floor C and N were highest in the 55-year-old stand (2 kg C·m-2; p 〈 0.01). Soil and forest floor C/N ratios were significantly higher in the 35-year-old stand (p 〈 0.04), possibly because of high interspecific competition for N. While the sampling intensity was too limited to allow spatial extrapolation, our results suggest that carbon accumulation in this scrubland is rapid and similar to plantation forests, suggesting that land abandonment could significantly impact New Zealand's C budget.

Print ISSN: 0045-5067

Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition