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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New Perspectives on the Caledonides of Scandinavia and Related Areas (2014)
    London : The Geological Soc.
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(390)
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The Caledonides are a major orogenic belt that stretches from the Arctic, through Scandinavia, East Greenland, Britain and Ireland into the Atlantic coast of North America. Following the break-up of Rodinia, the Caledonides formed in the Palaeozoic by the drifting of various continents and their eventualaggregation in the Silurian and Devonian. The orogen subsequently fragmented during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. This volume brings together 25 papers presenting the results of modern research that investigates the orogenic processes and the provenance of specific components of the belt. The contributions reflect different lines of research, linking traditional field studies with modern analytical techniques.In addition three overview papers summarize the main features of the belts in Scandinavia, Svalbard,East Greenland, Britain and Ireland, highlighting the advances made since the last major synthesis of theScandinavian Caledonides 30 years ago, and discussing important open questions.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 718 S. : z.T. farb. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781862393776
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 390
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/390/1
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    U-Pb zircon systematics at Gruinard Bay, northwest Scotland: implications for the early orogenic evolution of the Lewisian complex (1998)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 133 (1998), S. 329-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Gruinard Bay area of the mainland Lewisian complex comprises a metamorphosed suite of Archaean trondhjemites and minor granites enclosing remnants of older tonalitic gneiss and mafic to ultramafic enclaves. The U-Pb zircon dating yields ages of 2731 ±14 Ma and 2728 ±2 Ma for two trondhjemite and 2732 ±4 Ma for one granite sample, also revealing the presence of large amounts of inherited xenocrystic zircons. Although the region has been pervasively overprinted by retrogressive events in amphibolite to greenschist facies, the textural relations between biotite, hornblende, quartz and titaniferous minerals indicate that these minerals are pseudomorphs of pyroxene and high-Ti amphibole formed in hornblende-granulite facies. Structural relations link this metamorphism to a steep northeast-trending fabric coeval with the intrusion of the trondhjemites, dated at 2730 Ma. Dating of zircon in amphibolite and tonalite enclaves yields complex internal isotopic relations with apparent ages ranging from 2825 to 2740 Ma. This age range reflects new growth during the 2730 Ma metamorphic/metasomatic events, superimposed on older zircon phases which include combinations of xenocrystic cores, and magmatic and/or metamorphic growth phases whose mode of formation cannot clearly be resolved by imaging techniques (e.g. cathodoluminescence) alone. A pegmatitic vein that escaped the D3 strain and related isotopic disturbances yields a precise age of 2792 ±2 Ma, which constrains to some degree the earliest orogenic events in the area. Age relationships displayed in the central block at Scourie–Badcall, and in the Gruinard Bay area indicate that petrogenetic events in both areas were comparable about 2800 Ma and that both areas underwent trondhjemitic magmatism about 2730 Ma. In contrast, at Gruinard Bay there is no isotopic evidence for a period of high-grade metamorphism and magmatism at 2490–2480 Ma that drastically affected the Scourie block indicating that at this stage the two regions occupied different levels of the crust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050456
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time calibration of a P–T path from a Variscan high-temperature low-pressure metamorphic complex (Bayerische Wald, Germany), and the detection of inherited monazite (2000)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 138 (2000), S. 143-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A temperature–time path was constructed for high-temperature low-pressure (HT–LP) migmatites of the Bayerische Wald, internal zone of the Variscan belt, Germany. The migmatites are characterised by prograde biotite dehydration melting, peak metamorphic conditions of approximately 850 °C and 0.5–0.7 GPa and retrograde melt crystallisation at 800 °C. The time-calibration of the pressure–temperature path is based on U–Pb dating of single zircon and monazite grains and titanite separates, on 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained by incremental heating experiments on hornblende separates, single grains of biotite and K-feldspar, and on 40Ar/39Ar spot fusion ages of biotite determined in situ from sample sections. Additionally, crude estimates of the duration of peak metamorphism were derived from garnet zoning patterns, suggesting that peak temperatures of 850 °C cannot have prevailed much longer than 2.5 Ma. The temperature–time paths obtained for two areas approximately 30 km apart do not differ from each other considerably. U–Pb zircon ages reflect crystallisation from melt at 850–800 °C at 323 Ma (southeastern area) and 326 Ma (northwestern area). The U–Pb ages of monazite mainly coincide with those from zircon but are complicated by variable degrees of inheritance. The preservation of inherited monazite and the presence of excess 206Pb resulting from the incorporation of excess 230Th in monazite formed during HT–LP metamorphism suggest that monazite ages in the migmatites of the Bayerische Wald reflect crystallisation from melt at 850–800 °C and persistence of older grains at these temperatures during a comparatively short thermal peak. The U–Pb ages of titanite (321 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar ages of hornblende (322–316 Ma) and biotite (313–309 Ma) reflect cooling through the respective closure temperatures of approximately 700, 570–500 and 345–310 °C published in the literature. Most of the feldspars' ages (305–296 Ma) probably record cooling below 150–300 °C, while two grains most likely have higher closure temperatures. The temperature–time paths are characterised by a short thermal peak, by moderate average cooling rates and by a decrease in cooling rates from 100 °C/my at temperatures between 850–800 and 700 °C to 11–16 °C/my at temperatures down to 345–310 °C. Further cooling to feldspar closure for Ar was probably even slower. The lack of decompressional features, the moderate average cooling rates and the decline of cooling rates with time are not easily reconciled with a model of asthenospheric heating, rapid uplift and extension due to lithospheric delamination as proposed elsewhere. Instead, the high peak temperatures at comparatively shallow crustal levels along with the short thermal peak require external advective heating by hot mafic or ultramafic material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The age and source of late Hercynian magmatism in the central Alps: evidence from precise U−Pb ages and initial Hf isotopes (1992)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 111 (1992), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This study presents U−Pb ages for zircon, titanite, allanite and epidote, and initial Hf isotopic compositions for zircon of Upper Carboniferous granites, diorites and syenites from the Aar massif, central Alps. The rocks were emplaced during three magmatic pulses after Hercynian collisional tectonics: (A) a shoshonitic-ultrapotassic series at 334±2.5 Ma; (B) scattered diorites and granites at 308–310 Ma; and (C) a high-K cale-alkaline granite batholith at 298±2 Ma. Inheritance of old zircons is negligible among all three groups. The Southern Aar granite, in contrast, is a syn-tectonic, probably ca. 350 Ma old granite that contains large amounts of inherited Precambrian zircons. Alpine metamorphism caused weak lead loss in many analyzed zircon fractions, but left the titanite U−Pb system undisturbed: thorites were almost completely reset by Alpine and recent lead loss. Mineral isochrons defined by titanite, allanite, epidote and apatite yield initial Pb isotopic compositions that are in agreement with the model values of Stacey and Kramers. Initial Hf isotopic compositions range from ɛHf=−8 to +3.5. The data follow a trend of increasing ɛHf with decreasing age. The ɛHf versus element concentration relationships suggest mixing between a mantle and a crustal component. These relationships can be explained in terms of generation of the melts from a subcontinental mantle that had been enriched during subduction events at about 1 Ga and by 300 Ma had developed an isotopic signature distinct from that of MORB-type mantle. Further contamination of the melts occurred during ascent and differentiation in the crust. This late Hercynian magmatism can be related to post-collisional strike-slip tectonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311195
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  • 5
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    Kinematics of a former oceanic plate of the Neotethys revealed by deformation in the Ulukışla basin (Turkey) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
    Description: Kinematic reconstruction of modern ocean basins shows that since Pangea breakup a vast area in the Neotethyan realm was lost to subduction. Here we develop a first-order methodology to reconstruct the kinematic history of the lost plates of the Neotethys, using records of subducted plates accreted to (former) overriding plates, combined with the kinematic analysis of overriding plate extension and shortening. In Cretaceous-Paleogene times, most of Anatolia formed a separate tectonic plate—here termed “Anadolu Plate”—that floored part of the Neotethyan oceanic realm, separated from Eurasia and Africa by subduction zones. We study the sedimentary and structural history of the Ulukışla basin (Turkey); overlying relics of this plate to reconstruct the tectonic history of the oceanic plate and its surrounding trenches, relative to Africa and Eurasia. Our results show that Upper Cretaceous-Oligocene sediments were deposited on the newly dated suprasubduction zone ophiolites (~92Ma), which are underlain by mélanges, metamorphosed and nonmetamorphosed oceanic and continental rocks derived from the African Plate. The Ulukışla basin underwent latest Cretaceous-Paleocene N-S and E-W extension until ~56Ma. Following a short period of tectonic quiescence, Eo-Oligocene N-S contraction formed the folded structure of the Bolkar Mountains, as well as subordinate contractional structures within the basin. We conceptually explain the transition from extension, to quiescence, to shortening as slowdown of the Anadolu Plate relative to the northwardadvancingAfrica-AnadolutrenchresultingfromcollisionofcontinentalrocksaccretedtoAnadolu with Eurasia, until the gradual demise of the Anadolu-Eurasia subduction zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2385-2416
    Description: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Cretaceous to Paleocene N-S and E-W extension was overprinted by Eo-Oligocene shortening ; The geology of Central Anatolia can be explained by a three-plate system in Cretaceous to Paleogene time ; Reconstruct upper plate kinematics to infer subduction evolution and relative plate and trench motions within the Neotethyan ocean
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    A Precambrian microcontinent in the Indian Ocean. (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Laccadive–Chagos Ridge and Southern Mascarene Plateau in the north-central and western Indian Ocean, respectively, are thought to be volcanic chains formed above the Réunion mantle plume1 over the past 65.5 million years2,3. Here we use U–Pb dating to analyse the ages of zircon xenocrysts found within young lavas on the island of Mauritius, part of the Southern Mascarene Plateau. We find that the zircons are either Palaeoproterozoic (more than 1,971 million years old) or Neoproterozoic (between 660 and 840 million years old). We propose that the zircons were assimilated from ancient fragments of continental lithosphere beneath Mauritius, and were brought to the surface by plume-related lavas. We use gravity data inversion to map crustal thickness and find that Mauritius forms part of a contiguous block of anomalously thick crust that extends in an arc northwards to the Seychelles. Using plate tectonic reconstructions, we show that Mauritius and the adjacent Mascarene Plateau may overlie a Precambrian microcontinent that we call Mauritia. On the basis of reinterpretation of marine geophysical data4, we propose that Mauritia was separated from Madagascar and fragmented into a ribbon-like configuration by a series of mid-ocean ridge jumps during the opening of the Mascarene ocean basin between 83.5 and 61 million years ago.We suggest that the plume-related magmatic deposits have since covered Mauritia and potentially other continental fragments.
    Description: PDF is Published online 23 Feb 2013 version
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Palaeomagnetism ; Petrology ; Tectonics ; Volcanology ; Zircon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.223-227
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  • 7
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    U-Pb systematics in volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Krokskogen area: Resolving a 40 million years long evolution in the Oslo Rift (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-4937
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6143
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Evidence of a Late Precambrian (637 Ma) Deformational Event in the Caledonides of Northern Sweden (2002)
    University of Chicago Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by University of Chicago Press
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  • 9
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    Igneous and Tectonic Evolution of the Batchawana Greenstone Belt, Superior Province: A U-Pb Zircon and Titanite Study (1987)
    University of Chicago Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by University of Chicago Press
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  • 10
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    Continental crust beneath southeast Iceland (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-30
    Description: The magmatic activity (0–16 Ma) in Iceland is linked to a deep mantle plume that has been active for the past 62 My. Icelandic and northeast Atlantic basalts contain variable proportions of two enriched components, interpreted as recycled oceanic crust supplied by the plume, and subcontinental lithospheric mantle derived from the nearby continental margins. A restricted area in southeast Iceland—and especially the Öræfajökull volcano—is characterized by a unique enriched-mantle component (EM2-like) with elevated 87Sr/86Sr and 207Pb/204Pb. Here, we demonstrate through modeling of Sr–Nd–Pb abundances and isotope ratios that the primitive Öræfajökull melts could have assimilated 2–6% of underlying continental crust before differentiating to more evolved melts. From inversion of gravity anomaly data (crustal thickness), analysis of regional magnetic data, and plate reconstructions, we propose that continental crust beneath southeast Iceland is part of ∼350-km-long and 70-km-wide extension of the Jan Mayen Microcontinent (JMM). The extended JMM was marginal to East Greenland but detached in the Early Eocene (between 52 and 47 Mya); by the Oligocene (27 Mya), all parts of the JMM permanently became part of the Eurasian plate following a westward ridge jump in the direction of the Iceland plume.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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