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  • 1
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    A consistent multivariate test of association based on ranks of distances (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-12
    Description: We consider the problem of detecting associations between random vectors of any dimension. Few tests of independence exist that are consistent against all dependent alternatives. We propose a powerful test that is applicable in all dimensions and consistent against all alternatives. The test has a simple form, is easy to implement, and has good power.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Significant mobility enhancement in extremely thin highly doped ZnO films (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-14
    Description: Highly Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films of thicknesses d = 5, 25, 50, and 300 nm, grown on 160-nm ZnO buffer layers by molecular beam epitaxy, had 294-K Hall-effect mobilities μ H of 64.1, 43.4, 37.0, and 34.2 cm 2 /V-s, respectively. This extremely unusual ordering of μ H vs d is explained by the existence of a very high-mobility Debye tail in the ZnO, arising from the large Fermi-level mismatch between the GZO and the ZnO. Scattering theory in conjunction with Poisson analysis predicts a Debye-tail mobility of 206 cm 2 /V-s at the interface (z = d), falling to 58 cm 2 /V-s at z = d + 2 nm. Excellent fits to μ H vs d and sheet concentration n s vs d are obtained with no adjustable parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Phase Diagram for Nanostructuring CaF_{2} Surfaces by Slow Highly Charged Ions (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-15
    Description: Author(s): A. S. El-Said, R. A. Wilhelm, R. Heller, S. Facsko, C. Lemell, G. Wachter, J. Burgdörfer, R. Ritter, and F. Aumayr The impact of individual slow highly charged ions (HCI) on alkaline earth halide and alkali halide surfaces creates nano-scale surface modifications. For different materials and impact energies a wide variety of topographic alterations have been observed, ranging from regularly shaped pits to nanohi... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 117602] Published Fri Sep 14, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Transcriptomic analysis of the lesser spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) pancreas, liver and brain reveals molecular level conservation of vertebrate pancreas function (2014)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-07
    Description: Background: Understanding the evolution of the vertebrate pancreas is key to understanding its functions. The chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays) have often been suggested to possess the most ancient example of a distinct pancreas with both hormonal (endocrine) and digestive (exocrine) roles. The lack of genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data for cartilaginous fish has hindered a more thorough understanding of the molecular-level functions of the chondrichthyan pancreas, particularly with respect to their "unusual" energy metabolism (where ketone bodies and amino acids are the main oxidative fuel source) and their paradoxical ability to both maintain stable blood glucose levels and tolerate extensive periods of hypoglycemia. In order to shed light on some of these processes, we carried out the first large-scale comparative transcriptomic survey of multiple cartilaginous fish tissues: the pancreas, brain and liver of the lesser spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Results: We generated a mutli-tissue assembly comprising 86,006 contigs, of which 44,794 were assigned to a particular tissue or combination of tissues based on mapping of sequencing reads. We have characterised transcripts encoding genes involved in insulin regulation, glucose sensing, transcriptional regulation, signaling and digestion, as well as many peptide hormone precursors and their receptors for the first time. Comparisons to mammalian pancreas transcriptomes reveals that mechanisms of glucose sensing and insulin regulation used to establish and maintain a stable internal environment are conserved across jawed vertebrates and likely pre-date the vertebrate radiation. Conservation of pancreatic hormones and genes encoding digestive proteins support the single, early evolution of a distinct pancreatic gland with endocrine and exocrine functions in jawed vertebrates. In addition, we demonstrate that chondrichthyes lack pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and that reports of PP in the literature are likely due cross-reaction with PYY and/or NPY in the pancreas. A three hormone islet organ is therefore the ancestral jawed vertebrate condition, later elaborated upon only in the tetrapod lineage. Conclusions: The cartilaginous fish are a great untapped resource for the reconstruction of patterns and processes of vertebrate evolution and new approaches such as those described in this paper will greatly facilitate their incorporation into the rank of "model organism".
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
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    Maternal sounds and auditory brain plasticity [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: Brain development is largely shaped by early sensory experience. However, it is currently unknown whether, how early, and to what extent the newborn’s brain is shaped by exposure to maternal sounds when the brain is most sensitive to early life programming. The present study examined this question in 40 infants...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    The development of electroporation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heller, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Electroporation ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Transfection/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The influence of the proinflammatory cytokine, osteopontin, on autoimmune demyelinating disease (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease, characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, possibly due to autoimmunity. Large-scale sequencing of cDNA libraries, derived from plaques dissected from brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), indicated an abundance of transcripts for osteopontin (OPN). Microarray analysis of spinal cords from rats paralyzed by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, also revealed increased OPN transcripts. Osteopontin-deficient mice were resistant to progressive EAE and had frequent remissions, and myelin-reactive T cells in OPN-/- mice produced more interleukin 10 and less interferon-gamma than in OPN+/+ mice. Osteopontin thus appears to regulate T helper cell-1 (TH1)-mediated demyelinating disease, and it may offer a potential target in blocking development of progressive MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabas, D -- Baranzini, S E -- Mitchell, D -- Bernard, C C -- Rittling, S R -- Denhardt, D T -- Sobel, R A -- Lock, C -- Karpuj, M -- Pedotti, R -- Heller, R -- Oksenberg, J R -- Steinman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1731-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, B002, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ; Experimental/genetics/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Interferon-gamma/genetics/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics/immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteopontin ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Sialoglycoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Drosophila odorant receptors are both ligand-gated and cyclic-nucleotide-activated cation channels (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-15
    Description: From worm to man, many odorant signals are perceived by the binding of volatile ligands to odorant receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. They couple to heterotrimeric G-proteins, most of which induce cAMP production. This second messenger then activates cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels to depolarize the olfactory receptor neuron, thus providing a signal for further neuronal processing. Recent findings, however, have challenged this concept of odorant signal transduction in insects, because their odorant receptors, which lack any sequence similarity to other GPCRs, are composed of conventional odorant receptors (for example, Or22a), dimerized with a ubiquitously expressed chaperone protein, such as Or83b in Drosophila. Or83b has a structure akin to GPCRs, but has an inverted orientation in the plasma membrane. However, G proteins are expressed in insect olfactory receptor neurons, and olfactory perception is modified by mutations affecting the cAMP transduction pathway. Here we show that application of odorants to mammalian cells co-expressing Or22a and Or83b results in non-selective cation currents activated by means of an ionotropic and a metabotropic pathway, and a subsequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Expression of Or83b alone leads to functional ion channels not directly responding to odorants, but being directly activated by intracellular cAMP or cGMP. Insect odorant receptors thus form ligand-gated channels as well as complexes of odorant-sensing units and cyclic-nucleotide-activated non-selective cation channels. Thereby, they provide rapid and transient as well as sensitive and prolonged odorant signalling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wicher, Dieter -- Schafer, Ronny -- Bauernfeind, Rene -- Stensmyr, Marcus C -- Heller, Regine -- Heinemann, Stefan H -- Hansson, Bill S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):1007-11. doi: 10.1038/nature06861. Epub 2008 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-St 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. dwicher@ice.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18408711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butyrates/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism/pharmacology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Drosophila melanogaster ; Electric Conductivity ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating/*drug effects ; Ligands ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Odors/analysis ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Odorant/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Extended Infrared Photoresponse in $\mathrm{Te}$-Hyperdoped $\mathrm{Si}$ at Room Temperature (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Description: Author(s): Mao Wang, Y. Berencén, E. García-Hemme, S. Prucnal, R. Hübner, Ye Yuan, Chi Xu, L. Rebohle, R. Böttger, R. Heller, H. Schneider, W. Skorupa, M. Helm, and Shengqiang Zhou The room-temperature broadband photoresponse of silicon in the infrared region is of great interest for on-chip photonic platforms, but is fundamentally limited to the near infrared, due to the particular value of the band gap. The authors combine ion implantation with pulsed laser melting in a CMOS-compatible approach to introducing Te dopant into the Si crystal, at concentrations orders of magnitude above the solid solubility limit. This leads to the formation of an intermediate band in the upper half of silicon’s band gap, extending the photoresponse of Te-hyperdoped p − n photodiodes to the midinfrared range. [Phys. Rev. Applied 10, 024054] Published Fri Aug 31, 2018
    Electronic ISSN: 2331-7019
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Electropositive potential measured in plant protoplast (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heller, R -- Rona, J P -- Cornel, D -- Grignon, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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