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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a new repetitive sequence that is enriched on microchromosomes of turkey (1992)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 102 (1992), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We cloned and characterized a new highly repetitive, species-specific DNA sequence from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). This repeat family, which accounts for approximately 5% of the turkey genome, consists of a 41 bp repeated element that is present in tandem arrays longer than 23 kb. In situ hybridization to turkey metaphase chromosomes (2n=80) demonstrated that this sequence was located primarily on certain microchromosomes: approximately one-third of the 66 microchromosomes showed a positive signal. With respect to the macrochromosomes, hybridization was seen only in a pericentric position on nos. 2 and 3. The turkey microchromosome (TM) sequence shares motifs (alternating A3–5 and T3–5 clusters separated by 6–8 bp) that have been found previously in other avian tandemly repeated elements, e.g. a chicken microchromosome sequence, and W (female) chromosome-specific sequences of chicken and turkey. However, the TM sequence does not cross-hybridize under moderately stringent conditions with these other sequence. The spread and amplification of related repetitive sequence elements on microchromosomes and W chromosomes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352284
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ag-G staining, a rapid technique for producing combined silver staining and Giemsa banding in mammalian chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 625-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A combination of the silver staining method with a Giemsa banding technique is described for mammalian chromosomes. This double staining simultaneously shows silver-stained NORs and a G-band pattern, and thus allows a rapid identification of the NOR-bearing chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965843
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) in the chromosomes of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 1356-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.) nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) were detected by a combined silver-Giemsa method (Ag-G). The main sites of NORs are the secondary constrictions of chromosomes 8 and 10. Sometimes an additional NOR was observed near the centromere of 1 homologue of chromosome 11. Associations of NORs were seen only between chromosomes 10 and at a very low frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The silver-staining technique—a tool for characterizing lymphocyte populations in mammalian peripheral blood (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1343-1344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 9 mammalian species were analyzed by means of a silver-staining procedure. Species-specific NOR patterns were demonstrated. The number of NOR chromosomes was positively correlated with the nucleolar coefficient, and negatively correlated with the relative frequencies of uninucleolar cells in PBL interphase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01948401
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable positions of nucleolus organizer regions in Bovidae (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 564-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Silver NOR staining has been applied to cattle (Bos taurus L.), goat (Capra hircus L.) and sheep (Ovis aries L.) chromosomes. The sites of silver NORs showed variation within the family Bovidae probably due to a reciprocal translocation event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin-induced lymphocyte stimulation in pigs — a kinetic study of NORs (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1022-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early reactions of rRNA-cistrons in lectin-stimulated PBL cultures of domestic pigs are shown. Interphases showing 3 or more clusters of stained areas were attributed mainly to cells after first division. Clear differences are shown between PHA-and ConA-induced NOR-expression patterns compared to the patterns in PW-stimulated cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971816
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 41–42 bp tandemly repeated sequence isolated from nuclear envelopes of chicken erythrocytes is located predominantly on microchromosomes (1990)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 99 (1990), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study whether specific DNA sequences are associated with nuclear membranes, residual DNA was extracted from DNase-treated nuclear envelopes prepared from erythrocytes of adult chickens (Gallus domesticus). This DNA was then blunt-end ligated into a bacterial plasmid vector. DNA blot analysis and nucleotide sequence determination revealed that approximately 30% of the cloned fragments consisted of different multiples of a 41–42 bp tandemly repeated, partially symmetrical sequence. In situ hybridization to chicken chromosomes demonstrated that the sequence was located primarily on microchromosomes, although some hybridization was also observed to macrochromosomes 7 and 8. Digestion of chicken DNA with any of a number of restriction enzymes did not completely reduce the intensity of a high molecular weight band to which the repeated sequence hybridized. These results, along with those obtained from in situ hybridization, suggested that many copies of this sequence are organized into large tandem arrays, and are not dispersed in many shorter repetitive blocks throughout the chicken genome. Although the repetitive sequence constituted approximately 10% of the chicken genome, it did not hybridize to quail or turkey DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01735329
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic chromosome behaviour reflects levels of sequence divergence inSus scrofa domestica satellite DNA (1990)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 99 (1990), S. 330-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a general model for the evolution of chromosome-specific satellite DNA subfamilies.Sus scrofa domestica has a bimodal karyotype with two autosomal subsets of 12 meta-/submetacentric (Mc) and 6 acrocentric (Ac) chromosome types (Mc and Ac “subgenomes”). We show that the centromeric heterochromatin is characterised by two distinct satellite DNA families designed Mc1 and Ac2. Mc1 is a diverse satellite family of the Mc subgenome of which certain members with a 100 bp repeat unit are found to occur at the pericentromeric regions of each Mc autosome, while others are chromosome-specific, e.g. clone Mc pAv1.5, a higher order repeat variant, which hybridises specifically to chromosome 1. Ac2 is a homogeneous satellite occurring at the subterminal pericentromeric regions of all Ac autosomes. DNA sequence analyses showed that all clones investigated are built up from a 14 bp repeat unit which is highly conserved. In situ hybridisation to meiotic pachytene nuclei revealed a distinct spatial arrangement of the Ac2 centromeric satellite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731720
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterochromatin and nucleolus-organizer-region behaviour at male pachytene of Sus scrofa domestica (1984)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 91 (1984), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the domestic pig (2n=38) two types of constitutive heterochromatin can be differentiated by fluorescence counterstaining techniques. All 24 biarmed autosomes and the X chromosome have chromomycin A3-positive centromeric C-bands, whereas all 12 acrocentric chromosomes exhibit DA-DAPI-positive centromeric heterochromatin. Fluorescence analysis of male pachytene nuclei revealed that the DA-DAPI-positive C-bands form one or two large chromocentres per cell, while the chromomycin A3-bright C-material is well scattered. Hence, the bivalents formed by the acrocentric chromosome pairs are centromerically associated, whilst the submetacentric bivalents are not. —Counce-Meyer spreading techniques were used to study the structure of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) both by light and electron microscopy. In general, the SCs of the domestic pig resemble those described for other mammals. The SC formed by the X and the Y may include up to 94.5% of the Y chromosome. In silver-stained microspreads each of the bivalents (nos. 8 and 10) bearing the nucleolus-organizer-regions (NORs) is connected to a pair of nucleoli, indicating that all four NORs are active during early meiotic stages. By contrast, in the majority of mitotic metaphases of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes only one pair (no. 10) exhibited Ag-NOR staining. — The significance of the chromosome disposition in the pachytene nucleus is discussed with regard to heterochromatin composition and karyotype evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterochromatins and band karyotypes in three species of salmonids (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heterochromatin ; DAPI/actinomycin D ; Salmo gairdneri R. ; Salmo trutta fario L. ; Salvelinus fontinalis M.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The heterochromatins of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.), brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis M.) were characterized by sequential chromomycin A3/distamycin A/DAPI (CDD) and DAPI/actinomycin D (DAPI/AmD) fluorescence. On most biarmed chromosomes, an equilocal localization of prominent DAPI/AmD positive, chromomycin A3 negative, AT-rich blocks at the centromeres were observed in all three species. Band karyotypes of the three species were established. In rainbow trout, several DAPI/AmD positive heterochromatin blocks behaved positive in a silver-staining method. Mitotic and interphase studies proved the presence of inter-individual NOR variation in brown trout. The NORs of brook trout were localized on chromosomes 5, 10, 14, 15 and 29.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288830
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