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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and morphological features of nitrergic neurons in the porcine large intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the presumed non-adrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), was demonstrated in the enteric nervous system of the porcine caecum, colon and rectum. Techniques used were NOS-immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd)-histochemistry. Throughout the entire large intestine, NOS-immunoreactive (IR) and NADPHd-positive neurons were abundant in the myenteric and outer submucous plexus. In the inner submucous plexus, only a small number of positive neurons were found in the caecum and colon, while a moderate number was observed in the rectum. The nitrergic neurons in the porcine enteric nerve plexuses were of a range of sizes and shapes, with a small proportion showing immunostaining for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Varicose and non-varicose NOS-IR and NADPHd-positive nerve fibres were present in the ganglia and connecting strands of all three plexuses. Nerve fibres were also numerous in the circular muscle layer, scarce in the longitudinal muscle coat and negligible in the mucosal region. The abundance of NOS/NADPHd in the intrinsic innervation of the caecum, colon and rectum of the pig implicates NO as an important neuronal messenger in these regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268875
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excited-State Proton Transfer of 2-Naphthol Inclusion Complexes with Cyclodextrins (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 6158-6166 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100075a019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circular Dichroism of Methylated Phenols Included in β-Cyclodextrin. An Experimental and Theoretical Study (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 3943-3950 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100012a013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP-mediated Signal Transduction (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 733 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17286.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase in guinea pig sympathetic ganglia: Correlation with tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptides (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 104 (1995), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has previously been reported in a small population of postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the guinea pig. The present study of paravertebral ganglia and the inferior mesenteric ganglion aimed to classify these neurons according to their content of neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide) and the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase, by means of immunohistochemical and histochemical double-labelling techniques. NOS-containing neurons belonged to the non-catecholaminergic population of postganglionic neurons, and partial coexistence was found with neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivities but not with calcitonin gene-related peptide. However, most of the NOS-containing neurons contained none of the neuropeptides, thus representing a hitherto unrecognized population of postganglionic neurons. The findings show that NOS is localized to small but neurochemically highly specific populations of postganglionic neurons, which most likely reflects an association with target- and function-specific pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464782
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase distribution in the enteric plexuses of the human colon: an histochemical study and quantitative analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 103 (1995), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive innervation patterns were immunohistochemically and statistically evaluated in the human colon. Specimens from the right colon (cecum, ascending and right transverse colon) and left colon (left transverse and descending colon) were obtained surgically, fixed either in paraformaldehyde or in Carnoy's or in Bouin's, and paraffin embedded. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, cresyl violet, neuron-specific enolase, anti-VIP, and anti-NOS. The same results were obtained regardless of the fixative used. Enolase-positive, VIP-positive, and NOS-positive cells were occasionally found within the circular muscle and interpreted as neurons. VIP-positive nerve fibers were evenly distributed within the circular muscle while NOS-positive ones were lacking in its inner portion. The left colon was richer in neurons than the right colon, at both plexuses. VIP- and NOS-positive neuron densities were higher at the left than at the right colon, whereas at all colonic levels VIP-positive neuron percentages at both plexuses and NOS-positive ones at the myenteric plexus were simular. At the submucous plexus the NOS-positive neuron percentage was lower than that of the VIP-positive one. In conclusion: (a) the right colon contains a lower number of neurons and of VIP- and NOS-positive ones than the left colon, and (b) VIP- and NOS-positive fibers are differently distributed in the inner and outer portions of the circular muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01457541
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive axons innervating the guinea-pig lingual artery: an ultrastructural immunohistochemical study using elastic brightfield imaging (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive (NOS-IR) axons innervating the guineapig lingual artery was investigated by means of pre-embedding immunohistochemistry using an indirect peroxidase technique and diaminobenzidine. Sections ranging in thickness from 60 to 500 nm were ultrastructurally evaluated in elastic brightfield imaging mode. Thick sections (optimum at 300 nm) were advantageous for enhancement of the labelling intensity, whilst some subcellular details were better revealed by thin sections. NOS-IR axon terminals often contained aggregations of large, dense-cored vesicles, consistent with a previous light microscopical report on colocalization of NOS and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactivity in these fibres. NOS-IR axons formed direct neuro-muscular junctions (width less than 50 nm) at the outer surface of the tunica media, thus providing a structural basis for “nitrergic” vasodilation. In addition, NOS-IR axons made direct contacts with non-varicose and varicose segments of non-reactive axons, suggesting interneuronal communication between these elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571878
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Analysis of Host–Guest Systems. Methyl-substituted Phenols in beta;-Cyclodextrin (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 29 (1997), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Cyclodextrins ; host–guest systems ; molecular recognition ; molecular surfaces ; solvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Complexation trajectories and the variation ofinduced circular dichroism are calculated for thedocking of phenol and 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol withβ-cyclodextrin. The results are compared toexperimental chirality data to elucidate themechanism of nonspecific molecular recognitionprocesses in aqueous solution. Large geometricalchanges along nearly isoenergetic Dynamic Monte Carlotrajectories show the conformational flexibility ofsuch host–guest systems. This proves diffuseintermolecular interactions, van der Waals orelectrostatic in nature, as the main contributions to thebinding energy. The number and position of the methylsubstituents of the guest reduces the complexityof the conformational space as the guest‘s positionbecomes fixed by steric constraints. The solvation free energy is calculated from thesolvent accessible surface area weighted byrespective atomic solvation parameters. Consideringthe solvation term in the dynamic simulationsrestricts the conformational flexibility of themacromolecular system. The relative importance ofvarious contributions to the solvation energy isdiscussed and it is shown that those terms arisingfrom the interaction of hydrophobic groups with theaqueous environment are essential for thedetermination of the complex structure. Consideringthese terms in the dynamic simulation model, the signand strength of the calculated rotatory strength isin perfect agreement with induced circular dichroismobtained from experimentally determined averagedspectra. The results demonstrate the accuracy of thegeometrical properties of host–guest systems obtainedfrom these simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007920606983
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial relationships of enteric nerve fibers to vagal motor terminals and the sarcolemma in motor endplates of the rat esophagus: a confocal laser scanning and electron-microscopic study (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1996), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Esophagus ; Nitric oxide ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Vagus ; Enteric nervous system ; Confocal imaging ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Enteric co-innervation of motor endplates in the rat esophagus was studied with confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy. Enteric fibers were demonstrated with immunocytochemistry for nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide or NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. Vagal motor terminals were identified with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunocytochemistry. Teloglia was stained with immuno- cytochemistry for S100, and TRITC-tagged α-bungarotoxin was used to delineate endplate areas in immmunofluorescence preparations. Both confocal imaging and electron microscopy revealed intimate relationships between enteric and vagal terminals on the one hand, and enteric terminals and the sarcolemma on the other. In addition, electron microscopy could point out direct apposition of a significant proportion of enteric varicosities to vagal motor terminals without intervening teloglial processes. These morphological data are compatible with pre- and postsynaptic modulatory effects of enteric neurons on vagal neuromuscular transmission in striated esophageal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050736
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-independent expression of nitric oxide synthase in the sarcolemma region of visceral and somatic striated muscle fibers (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 493-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: NADPH diaphorase ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Striated muscles ; Rat (Wistar) ; Mouse (NMRI) ; Gerbil ; Hamster ; Guinea pig ; Marmoset (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The expression and distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was studied by use of the newly designed specific histochemical NADPH diaphorase staining method and the indirect immunofluorescence technique employing an antiserum to brain NOS in visceral and somatic striated muscles of several mammalian species. Histochemical activity and immunoreactivity were located in the sarcolemma region of type I and II fibers of all muscles investigated. Visceral muscles were more strongly stained than somatic muscles. Furthermore, type II fibers, identified by staining of myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity after pre-incubation at alkaline pH, were more intensely labeled than type I fibers. In addition, NOS activity was detected in the area of the sarcolemma of intrafusal fibers. No obvious differences between species were observed. It was concluded that NOS of striated muscles probably makes up the richest and most important nitric oxide source in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050444
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