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  • 1
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    Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Probes of Electronic Coupling in Some Cyanide-Bridged Transition Metal Donor/Acceptor Complexes (1997)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1089-5639
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5215
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Vibronic Coupling in Dicyano-Complex-Bridged Mixed-Valence Complexes. Relaxation of Vibronic Constraints in Systems with Degenerate Bridging-Ligand and Electron-Transfer Excited States (2000)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-1669
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-510X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Status of the ISS Trace Contaminant Control System (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: A habitable atmosphere is a fundamental requirement for human spaceflight. To meet such a requirement, the cabin atmosphere must be constantly scrubbed to maintain human life and system functionality. The primary system for atmospheric scrubbing of the US on-orbit segment (USOS) of the International Space Station (ISS) is the Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS). As part of the Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) atmosphere revitalization rack in the US Lab, the TCCS operates continuously, scrubbing trace contaminants generated primarily by two sources: the metabolic offgassing of crew members and the offgassing of equipment in the ISS. It has been online for approximately 95% since activated in February 2001. The TCCS is comprised of a charcoal bed, a catalytic oxidizer, and a lithium hydroxide post-sorbent bed, all of which are designed to be replaced onorbit when necessary. In 2006, all three beds were replaced following an observed increase in the system resistance that occurred over a period several months. The beds were returned to ground and subjected to a test, teardown and evaluation to investigate the root cause(s) of the decrease in flow rate through the system. In addition, various chemical and physical analyses of the bed materials were performed to determine contaminant loading and any changes in performance. This paper will mainly focus on the results of these analyses and how this correlates with what has been observed from archival sampling and onorbit events. This may provide insight into the future performance of the TCCS and rate of change for orbital replacement units in the TCCS.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 2009 - Jul 16, 2009; Savannah, GA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Performance Evaluation of the Operational Air Quality Monitor for Water Testing Aboard the International Space Station (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Real-time environmental monitoring on ISS is necessary to provide data in a timely fashion and to help ensure astronaut health. Current real-time water TOC monitoring provides high-quality trending information, but compound-specific data is needed. The combination of ETV with the AQM showed that compounds of interest could be liberated from water and analyzed in the same manner as air sampling. Calibration of the AQM using water samples allowed for the quantitative analysis of ISS archival samples. Some calibration issues remain, but the excellent accuracy of DMSD indicates that ETV holds promise for as a sample introduction method for water analysis in spaceflight.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-31677 , International Society for Ion Mobility Spectrometry Meeting; Jul 25, 2014; Ashville, NC; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    An Assessment of Environmental Health Needs (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Environmental health fundamentally addresses the physical, chemical, and biological risks external to the human body that can impact the health of a person by assessing and controlling these risks in order to generate and maintain a health-supportive environment. In manned spacecraft, environmental health risks are mitigated by a multi-disciplinary effort, employing several measures including active and passive controls, by establishing environmental standards (SMACs, SWEGs, microbial and acoustics limits), and through environmental monitoring. Human Health and Performance (HHP) scientists and Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) engineers consider environmental monitoring a vital component to an environmental health management strategy for maintaining a healthy crew and achieving mission success. ECLS engineers use environmental monitoring data to monitor and confirm the health of ECLS systems, whereas HHP scientists use the data to manage the health of the human system. Because risks can vary between missions and change over time, environmental monitoring is critical. Crew health risks associated with the environment were reviewed by agency experts with the goal of determining risk-based environmental monitoring needs for future NASA manned missions. Once determined, gaps in environmental health knowledge and technology, required to address those risks, were identified for various types of exploration missions. This agency-wide assessment of environmental health needs will help guide the activities/hardware development efforts to close those gaps and advance the knowledge required to meet NASA manned space exploration objectives. Details of the roadmap development and findings are presented in this paper.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-28691 , 43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 14, 2013 - Jul 18, 2013; Vail, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Impacts of Microbial Growth on the Air Quality of the International Space Station (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: An understanding of the various sources of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) is one facet to ensuring the habitability of crewed spacecraft. Even though the International Space Station (ISS) atmosphere is relatively well characterized in terms of what is in the atmosphere and approximately how much, linking the majority of these trace contaminants detected to their source is virtually impossible. Albeit a few of can be associated to a single source, the majority of these trace contaminants have their origins from multiple sources. On crewed spacecraft such as ISS, trace contaminants are broadly categorized as either coming from equipment, which includes systems and payloads, or from the metabolic processes of the crew members. Such widely encompassing categories clearly illustrate the difficulty in linking air contaminants to their source(s). It is well known that microbial growth in ISS can flourish if left unchecked. Although processes are in place to limit microbial growth, in reality, microbial growth has pervaded the habitable environment of ISS. This is simply a consequence of having crewed spacecraft, as humans are the largest contributor to the bioload. As with crew members, microbes also have metabolic processes which, in many ways, are comparable to human metabolism. As such, it can be expected that microbial growth can lead to the release of volatile organic compounds into the ISS atmosphere. Given a large enough microbial population, the impact to the air quality of ISS can be potentially large. A survey of the microbiology found in ISS will be presented as well as the possible types of volatile organic compounds that can result from such organisms. This will be correlated to the observations provided by ground-based analysis of ISS atmosphere samples.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: JSC-CN-19161 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 11, 2010 - Jul 15, 2010; Barcelona; Spain
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    An Assessment of Environmental Health Needs for Manned Spacecraft (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Environmental health fundamentally addresses the physical, chemical, and biological risks external to the human body that can impact the health of a person by assessing and controlling these risks in order to generate and maintain a healthsupportive environment. Environmental monitoring coupled with other measures including active and passive controls and the implementation of environmental standards (SMACs, SWEGs, microbial and acoustics limits) are used to ensure environmental health in manned spacecraft. NASA scientists and engineers consider environmental monitoring a vital component to an environmental health management strategy for maintaining a healthy crew and achieving mission success. Environmental monitoring data confirms the health of ECLS systems, in addition to contributing to the management of the health of human systems. Crew health risks associated with the environment were reviewed by agency experts with the goal of determining risk-based environmental monitoring needs for future NASA manned missions. Once determined, gaps in knowledge and technology, required to address those risks, were identified for various types of Exploration missions. This agencywide assessment of environmental health needs will help guide the activities/hardware development efforts to close those gaps and advance the knowledge required to meet NASA manned space exploration objectives. Details of this assessment and findings are presented in this paper.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-29218 , Submarine Air Monitoring and Air Purification Symposium; Oct 14, 2013 - Oct 17, 2013; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Optoelectronic pH Meter: Further Details (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A collection of documents provides further detailed information about an optoelectronic instrument that measures the pH of an aqueous cell-culture medium to within 0.1 unit in the range from 6.5 to 7.5. The instrument at an earlier stage of development was reported in Optoelectronic Instrument Monitors pH in a Culture Medium (MSC-23107), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 9 (September 2004), page 4a. To recapitulate: The instrument includes a quartz cuvette through which the medium flows as it is circulated through a bioreactor. The medium contains some phenol red, which is an organic pH-indicator dye. The cuvette sits between a light source and a photodetector. [The light source in the earlier version comprised red (625 nm) and green (558 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs); the light source in the present version comprises a single green- (560 nm)-or-red (623 nm) LED.] The red and green are repeatedly flashed in alternation. The responses of the photodiode to the green and red are processed electronically to obtain the ratio between the amounts of green and red light transmitted through the medium. The optical absorbance of the phenol red in the green light varies as a known function of pH. Hence, the pH of the medium can be calculated from the aforesaid ratio.
    Keywords: Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation
    Type: MSC-23854-1 , NASA Tech Briefs, November 2009; 37
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    NASA Environmental Control and Life Support Technology Development and Maturation for Exploration: 2015 to 2016 Overview (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Over the last year, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has continued to refine the understanding and prioritization of technology gaps that must be closed in order to achieve Evolvable Mars Campaign objectives and near term objectives in the cislunar proving ground. These efforts are reflected in updates to the technical area roadmaps released by NASA in 2015 and have guided technology development and maturation tasks that have been sponsored by various programs. This paper provides an overview of the refined Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) strategic planning, as well as a synopsis of key technology and maturation project tasks that occurred in 2014 and early 2015 to support the strategic needs. Plans for the remainder of 2015 and subsequent years are also described.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2016-40 , M16-5295 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) 2016; Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Strategies to Mitigate Ammonia Release on the International Space Station (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: International Space Station (ISS) is crucial to its continuous operation. Off-nominal situations can arise from virtually any aspect of ISS operations. One situation of particular concern is the inadvertent release of a chemical into the ISS atmosphere. In sufficient quantities, a chemical release can render the ISS uninhabitable regardless of the chemical s toxicity as a result of its effect on the hardware used to maintain the environment. This is certainly true with system chemicals which are integral components to the function and purpose of the system. Safeguards, such as design for minimum risk, multiple containment, hazard assessments, rigorous safety reviews, and others, are in place to minimize the probability of a chemical release to the ISS environment thereby allowing the benefits of system chemicals to outweigh the risks associated with them. The thermal control system is an example of such a system. Heat generated within the ISS is transferred from the internal thermal control system (ITCS) to the external thermal control system (ETCS) via two, single-barrier interface heat exchangers (IFHX). The ITCS and ETCS are closed-loop systems which utilize water and anhydrous ammonia, respectively, as heat-transfer fluids. There is approximately 1200 lbs. (208 gallons) of anhydrous ammonia in the ETCS circulating through the two heat exchangers, transferring heat from the ITCS water lines. At the amounts present in the ETCS, anhydrous ammonia is one system chemical that can easily overwhelm the station atmosphere scrubbing capabilities and render the ISS uninhabitable in the event of a catastrophic rupture. Although safeguards have certainly minimized the risk of an ammonia release into the Station atmosphere, credible release scenarios and controls to manage these scenarios are examined.
    Keywords: Chemistry and Materials (General)
    Type: 07ICES-276 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 09, 2007 - Jul 12, 2007; Chicago, IL; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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