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  • 1
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    The genetic contributions of SNCA and LRRK2 genes to Lewy Body pathology in Alzheimer's disease (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-22
    Description: The molecular genetic basis that leads to Lewy Body (LB) pathology in 15–20% of Alzheimer disease cases (LBV/AD) was largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein ( SNCA ) and Leucine-rich repeat kinase2 ( LRRK2 ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the prototype of LB spectrum disorders. We tested the association of SNCA variants with LB pathology in AD. We then stratified the SNCA association analyses by LRRK2 genotype. We also investigated the expression regulation of SNCA and LRRK2 in relation to LB pathology. We evaluated the differences in SNCA -mRNA and LRRK2 -mRNA levels as a function of LB pathology in the temporal cortex (TC) from autopsy-confirmed LBV/AD cases and AD controls. We further investigated the cis- effect of the LB pathology-associated genetic variants within the SNCA and LRRK2 loci on the mRNA expression of these genes. SNCA SNPs rs3857059 and rs2583988 showed significant associations with increased risk for LB pathology. When the analyses were stratified by LRRK2 -rs1491923 genotype, the associations became stronger for both SNPs and an association was also observed with rs2619363. Expression analysis demonstrated that SNCA- and LRRK2- mRNA levels were significantly higher in TC from LBV/AD brains compared with AD controls. Furthermore, SNCA -mRNA expression level in the TC was associated with rs3857059; homozygotes for the minor allele showed significant higher expression. LRRK2 -transcript levels were increased in carriers of rs1491923 minor allele. Our findings demonstrated that SNCA contributes to LB pathology in AD patients, possibly via interaction with LRRK2 , and suggested that expression regulation of these genes may be the molecular basis underlying the observed LB associations.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Massively Convergent Evolution for Ribosomal Protein Gene Content in Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: Plastid and mitochondrial genomes have undergone parallel evolution to encode the same functional set of genes. These encode conserved protein components of the electron transport chain in their respective bioenergetic membranes and genes for the ribosomes that express them. This highly convergent aspect of organelle genome evolution is partly explained by the redox regulation hypothesis, which predicts a separate plastid or mitochondrial location for genes encoding bioenergetic membrane proteins of either photosynthesis or respiration. Here we show that convergence in organelle genome evolution is far stronger than previously recognized, because the same set of genes for ribosomal proteins is independently retained by both plastid and mitochondrial genomes. A hitherto unrecognized selective pressure retains genes for the same ribosomal proteins in both organelles. On the Escherichia coli ribosome assembly map, the retained proteins are implicated in 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit assembly and initial rRNA binding. We suggest that ribosomal assembly imposes functional constraints that govern the retention of ribosomal protein coding genes in organelles. These constraints are subordinate to redox regulation for electron transport chain components, which anchor the ribosome to the organelle genome in the first place. As organelle genomes undergo reduction, the rRNAs also become smaller. Below size thresholds of approximately 1,300 nucleotides (16S rRNA) and 2,100 nucleotides (26S rRNA), all ribosomal protein coding genes are lost from organelles, while electron transport chain components remain organelle encoded as long as the organelles use redox chemistry to generate a proton motive force.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Botany. State transitions--a question of balance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. john.allen@plantbio.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Plastoquinone/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thylakoids/*enzymology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid coordination compounds of alkali metal salts with a neutral aromatic amine. I. Molecular structure and bonding (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 13 (1974), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50131a022
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Film Transfer in He II (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 831-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been found, especially at temperatures in the neighbourhood of 1-3 K. where most of the measurements have been made, that the rate of transfer out of a narrow cylindrical beaker of, say, 1 -5 mm. diameter is dependent on the history and condition of the liquid in the beaker and is no longer ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/185831a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forces Associated with Heat Flow in Helium II (1939)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 144 (1939), S. 475-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It was discovered some time ago1 that when heat flowed in helium II down a narrow capillary or through a tube filled with powder, liquid was forced up the tube in the oppo­site direction. It was con­sidered at the time that the phenomenon, which has been called the ‘fountain ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/144475a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow of Liquid Helium II (1938)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 141 (1938), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A SURVEY of the various properties of liquid helium II has prompted us to investigate its viscosity more carefully. One of us1 had previously deduced an upper limit of 10−5 C.G.S. units for the viscosity of helium II by measuring the damping of an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/141075a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid Helium (1939)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 143 (1939), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE properties of liquid helium can best be considered under two headings: (a) properties in thermal equilibrium, (b) transport effects. The equilibrium properties, which have been the subject of many careful investigations in Leyden and elsewhere, may be regarded as fairly well established. These ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/143227a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow Phenomena in Liquid Helium II (1938)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 142 (1938), S. 643-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENT measurements on the flow of liquid helium II through capillaries have yielded very varied results. We reported earlier1 that the flow through long capillaries bore no relation to a normal laminar or turbulent condition of the liquid, and that the velocity depended only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/142643a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat Conduction in Liquid Helium (1937)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 140 (1937), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT was found by Rollin1 and by Keesom and Keesom2 that liquid helium II shows an extra-ordinarily high heat conductivity, of the order of 190 cal./deg.cm.sec. We have measured the heat conductivity with the following method, which is essentially a combination of a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/140062a0
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