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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 65 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe information which has been obtained on point defects detected in various types of GaAs materials using electron paramagnetic resonance as well as electrical and optical techniques. From a comparison of their characteristics and those of simple intrinsic defects (As and Ga interstitials, vacancies and antisites) it is concluded that native defects are not simple intrinsic defects, with the exception of the antisites, but complexes formed by the interaction of such defects between themselves or with impurities. Particular emphasis is given to the As antisite complexed with an As interstitial, the so-called EL2 defect which plays a major role in the electrical properties of bulk materials. Differential thermal analysis, positron annihilation, and x-ray diffraction demonstrate that bulk materials contain a large concentration of vacancy-related defects and As precipitates located along dislocations which play the role of gettering centers. Presumably, bulk materials also contain other As clusters of various sizes although only the smallest ones (EL2) have been detected. All these As clusters are sources of As interstitials which play an important role in thermal treatments. As to semi-insulating materials, their electrical properties result mainly from the compensation between the double donor, called EL2, associated with the As antisite and the double acceptor ascribed to the Ga antisite.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 532-533 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using deep level transient spectroscopy we have observed electron emission in a 50–50 A(ring) uniformly n-type doped GaAs-GaAlAs superlattice placed in the space-charge region of a Schottky barrier. This emission arises from carriers localized in the wells by the electric field above the barriers. This observation demonstrates that electric field induced localization in superlattices can be monitored using capacitance techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of the capture cross section of the Si-SiO2 interface states is analyzed when metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors are stressed by Fowler–Nordheim injection of electrons from the n-type substrate. The capture cross sections of the energy distribution of the states are measured by a trap filling method using deep level transient spectroscopy. We found that the capture cross sections of near-midgap states increase by a factor 10, while they remain unchanged for the states localized near the conduction-band edge. The capture cross sections are temperature dependent and their associated activation energies increase with the stress from 30 to 100 meV. The exponential prefactor in the temperature-dependence law of the capture cross section is increased from 10−16 to 10−14 cm2 , and we suggest that the Fowler–Nordheim degradation induces new interface states of donor type in the upper part of the silicon band gap.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3530-3534 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and capacitance-voltage measurements at various temperatures have been used to characterize defects in Si-doped (Ga1−xAlx)1−yInyAs materials for x=0.3 and different values of y (0, 0.005, and 0.07). We only detect DX centers, those associated with the doping impurity (Si), but also others associated with Te and, eventually, Sn not introduced intentionally. When the experimental conditions are chosen to obtain exponential transients, the shape of the DLTS spectrum and its variation with the filling pulse duration can be accounted for by this contamination; i.e., no sign of the so-called alloying effect is detected.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2673-2679 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Defects in monocrystalline silicon have been studied in the past, in particular, defects induced by room-temperature electron and proton irradiations on both n- and p-type materials, and most of the corresponding defects have been tentatively identified. However, there are still several questions which remain to be answered such as the nature and behavior of the defects introduced in the range 4–300 K. In this work Czochralski-grown p-type material has been irradiated at three different temperatures (90, 200, and 300 K) and characterized by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and lifetime measurements. The data show that the defects created after irradiations at 90 and 200 K are different from those reported in the literature for irradiations at 4, 77, and 300 K, showing that three annealing steps exist between 4 and 300 K. These defects are characterized and a tentative identification of them is made. Finally, an attempt to detect the defects responsible for the lifetime, i.e., the recombination centers, not observed by DLTS, using spin-dependent recombination is described.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1406-1408 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature photoluminescence of the DX center in the near band edge and in the near-infrared region is interpreted within the small lattice relaxation model. The 1.5 μm luminescence band is attributed to an internal transition between the excited DX state and its ground-state level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 68-69 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using deep level transient spectroscopy we characterized the shallow native traps in n-type doped Ga1−xAlxAs layers (with x=0.30 and 0.36) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A trap lying at 0.18 eV below the conduction band is detected which exists in large concentration within 0.2 μm from the surface and is responsible for the freeze out of free carriers at low temperatures.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6951-6953 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Traps are commonly characterized in semi-insulating materials using a thermally stimulated current technique that cannot discriminate between electron and hole traps. We describe a combination of several thermally stimulated techniques that allow us to distinguish electron traps from hole traps. It is applied to semi-insulating GaAs where the EL2 defects present in this material introduce holes in the valence band when they are transformed into their metastable states. The nature, donor or acceptor, of the traps detected by thermally stimulated current has been verified by thermally stimulated Hall mobility and thermoelectric effect current measurements. The results obtained allow us to precisely determine the role of acceptor defects in the compensation mechanism of this material. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1006-1008 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of electron irradiation on the electronic transport through GaAlAs barriers has been studied. A drastic change in the current voltage characteristics has been observed. At low-temperature scattering by the introduced defects induces tunneling via X band states. At high temperature the transport is dominated by electric field enhanced electron emission from defect levels.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 442-444 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We analyze the kinetics associated with the concentration and the growth of As precipitates during annealing in low-temperature-grown GaAs layers. We correlate them with that associated with the annealing of the As antisite related defect. This allows us to deduce that all these kinetics are governed by the mobility of the As interstitial whose migration energy is 0.44 eV. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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