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1

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Productivity, carbon isotope discrimination and leaf traits of trees of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in relation to water availability (2004)

MACFARLANE, C. ; ADAMS, M. A. ; WHITE, D. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The stand basal area, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in tree rings and leaves, leaf area index and leaf traits of trees were measured in 6- to 8-year-old stands of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. across a gradient of rainfall of 600–1400 mm year−1 in south-western Australia to better understand the importance of leaf traits and gas-exchange as determinants of stand productivity. Δ ranged from 17‰ to 21‰. Δ and basal area were highly, positively correlated with each other and the ratio of mean annual rainfall to potential evaporation (P/PE). Leaf area index, soil water holding capacity and leaf nitrogen content were only weakly correlated with basal area. Δ and P/PE were negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen content. Δ was negatively correlated with leaf density but positively correlated with specific leaf area. This is consistent with the theory that larger leaf nitrogen content and smaller specific leaf area are associated with increased photosynthetic capacity and increased leaf-scale water-use-efficiency, and that Δ is influenced by mesophyll conductance. It is concluded that canopy conductance is a more important determinant of growth in water-limited conditions than either leaf area index or leaf traits in fertilized stands of E. globulus. Water availability was dictated more by rainfall than soil type.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01260.x

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Control of transpiration in an irrigated Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation (2000)

White, D. A. ; Beadle, C. L. ; Worledge, D.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Stomatal conductance and transpiration were measured concurrently in an irrigated Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation. Canopy stomatal conductance, canopy boundary layer conductance and the dimensionless decoupling coefficient (Ω) were calculated (a) summing the conductance of three canopy layers (gc) and (b) weighting the contribution of foliage according to the amount of radiation received (gc′). Canopy transpiration was then calculated from gc and gc′ for Ω = 1 (Eeq), Ω = 0 (Eimp) and by weighting Eeq and Eimp using Ω (EΩ). Eeq, Eimp and EΩ were compared to transpiration estimated from measurements of heat pulse velocity. The mean value of Ω was 0·63. Transpiration calculated using gc and assuming perfect coupling (12·5 ± 0·9 mmol m−2 s−1) significantly overestimated measured values (8·7 ± 0·8 mmol m−2 s−1). Good estimates of canopy transpiration were obtained either (a) calculating EΩ separately for the individual canopy layers or (b) treating the canopy as a single layer and using gc′ in a calculation of Eimp (Ω = 0). The latter approach only required measurement of stomatal conductance at a single canopy position but would be unsuitable for use in combined models of canopy transpiration and assimilation. It should however, be suitable for estimating transpiration in forests regardless of the degree of coupling.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00530.x

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3

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The apparent feed-forward response to vapour pressure deficit of stomata in droughted, field-grown Eucalyptus globulus Labill (2004)

MACFARLANE, C. ; WHITE, D. A. ; ADAMS, M. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: This study tested a multiplicative model of stomatal response to environment for drought-affected trees of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. growing in southern Australia. The model incorporates a feed-forward response to vapour pressure deficit of ambient air (δea) and performed well if evaluated using reduced major axis regression and log-transformed data. There was strong evidence from gas-exchange data, leaf water potentials and sapflow measurements of the feed-forward response by stomata to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (δel). The response of stomata to δel was irreversible. Stomatal conductance and the rate of net photosynthesis were highly correlated and declined, together with the rate of transpiration, throughout the afternoon as δea increased despite increasing leaf water potentials. The concentration of CO2 inside leaves (ci) increased as stomatal conductance declined indicating increasing non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis. The stomatal response to δel of E. globulus in the field is best described as an ‘apparent feed-forward response’ that probably results from both slowly reversible depression of net photosynthesis and abscisic acid accumulation in guard cells. We suggest that the stomatal response to ci may strengthen the link between photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance during leaf drying as a result of either drought or large δ el.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01234.x

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4

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Effect of esterification on the absorption of astaxanthin in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (2002)

White, D A ; Page, G I ; Swaile, J ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2109

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Gastrointestinal and serum absorption of astaxanthin was studied in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (217 ± 2 g) fed diets supplemented with either esterified astaxanthin (from Haematococcus pluvialis) or free astaxanthin (synthetic, as 8% w/w beadlets) at similar levels (50 mg kg−1). After 56 days of feeding, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0582) between steady-state serum astaxanthin concentrations for fish fed free (2.0 ± 0.3 μg mL−1) or esterified astaxanthin (1.3 ± 0.1 μg mL−1) at the 90% confidence level. However, following ingestion of a single meal supplemented with free or esterified astaxanthin, the rates of astaxanthin absorption into serum were not significantly different (P 〉 0.1) (0.8 ± 0.2 µg mL−1 h−1 and 1.0 ± 0.4 µg mL−1 h−1 respectively). In fish fed both free or esterified astaxanthin, higher absorption (P 〈 0.05) of astaxanthin by the ileal (0.8 ± 0.14 μg g−1 and 0.9 ± 0.15 μg g−1 respectively) compared with the posterior (0.2 ± 0.01 μg g−1 and 0.3 ± 0.14 μg g−1 respectively) intestine was recorded. This confirmed the role of the anterior intestine in carotenoid absorption. Non-detectable levels of esters in digesta taken from the hind intestine suggest the anterior intestine is also the primary region for ester hydrolysis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00680.x

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5

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Terminal Velocities of Balls dropping through Dilute Colloid Solutions (1970)

WHITE, D. A. ; BOND, J. A.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 226 (1970), S. 72-72

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] The kinematic viscosities of a 360 p.p.m. and a 650 p.p.m. gel were about 1-1 and 1-65 centistokes respectively. These values depend on the actual molecular weights of the gel micelles, which are affected by quantities of impurities such as alcohols. In the present experiments ethanol was used to ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/226072a0

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6

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Drag Coefficients for Spheres in High Reynolds Number Flow of Dilute Solutions of High Polymers (1966)

WHITE, D. A.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 212 (1966), S. 277-278

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. This method allowed a check on whether the ball had accelerated to its terminal velocity during the first 6 ft. of its descent; it was found that 1 in. and f in. brass balls never attained terminal velocities, and these were discarded. Results in pure water are shown in Fig. 1 and are ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/212277a0

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