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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoradiometric and two-site assay of human parathyroid hormone (1976)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 442-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064124
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does specific dynamic action (SDA) regulate return of appetite in the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus caniculcla? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Specific dynamic action (SDA) and the return of appetite (RA) were measured in juvenile (weight range 10·9–16·3 g) and adult (weight range 588·8–802·2 g) Scyliorhinus canicula by means of respirometry and re-feeding trials respectively. Juvenile S. canicula consumed relatively more food than the adults at all times indicating faster rates of food processing in juvenile dogfish. At no time during the SDA effect was there any evidence that elevated levels of oxygen consumption completely prevented further food consumption in either adult or juvenile dogfish. The coefficient (DurationSDA/DurationRA) was similar for both adult (0·52) and juvenile (0·49) S. canicula suggesting that SDA metabolism was closely associated with the processes involved in appetite return.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01313.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the diel rhythms in metabolism and activity of post-hatching lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The diel rhythms in metabolic rate (MR) and activity level (AL) were measured for single post-hatching dogfish (weight range, 2.76–10.61 g) at 15° C by the indirect calorimetric method of rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) and by video-observation respectively, over a period of 72 b. The mean VO2 increased from 62.0 (s.e. 2.9) mg O2 kg−1 h−1 in the daylight hours to 85.5 (s.e. 3.1) mg O2 kg−1 h−1 during the dark (light regíme, 12 h L: 12 h D). The simultaneous measurement of AL also showed mean night elevation from 0.6 (s.e. 0.2) min h−1 in the light phase to 14.5 (s.e. 1.6) min h−1 during the darkness. Bimodal nocturnal activity (BNA) was exhibited by the post-hatching dogfish within the 12 h dark period, with VO2 increasing from 71.4 (s.e. 2.8) mg O2 kg−1 h−1 before 01.00 hours to 99.5 (s.e. 4.2) mg O2 kg−1 h−1 after 01.00 hours. Similarly, AL also increased from 8.9 (s.e. I.7)min h−1 before 01.00 hours to 21.1 (s.e. 2.8) min h−1 after 01.00 hours. The importance of the results presented to the natural behavioural ecology of the hatching dogfish are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01151.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased production of docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6 n-3, DHA) in catfish nutritionally stressed by the feeding of oxidized oils and the modulatory effect of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Production of hepatic docosahexaenoic acid in juvenile Clarias gariepinus was significantly increased (P 〈0.05) by ingestion of rancid diets and this effect was modulated by dietary vitamin E. This has not been described previously in fish. Causal mechanisms are postulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00073.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of thick-lipped grey mullet, Chelon labrosus (Risso), to diets of varied protein-to-energy ratio (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six experimental diets were designed containing two lipid levels (approximately 12% and 24%) and three protein levels (approximately 38%, 49% and 59%) with protein-to-energy ratios ranging from 19.72 to 29.83 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy. At both lipid levels, an increase in the protein content of the diet was achieved by decreasing the carbohydrate input. After 84 days of feeding to appetite, the fish (juvenile thick-lipped grey mullet, Chelon labrosus (Risso)) fed the high-oil diets of low and medium protein content were significantly larger than those fed low-lipid diets containing similar amounts of protein. The greatest weight gain and optimum apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) were recorded for the fish fed the diet with a P:E ratio of 19.72 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy. At both lipid levels, increasing dietary protein supplementation led to a decrease in voluntary feed consumption and ANPU. Whole-body lipid appeared to increase in response to a higher dietary oil component. At low levels of dietary lipid, the carcass protein content increased in response to elevated protein supply. This trend was less obvious at the higher level of lipid supplementation. Hepatic glycogen deposition was significantly lower amongst the fish fed the low-carbohydrate diets at both levels of supplemental oil. A significant increase in hepatosomatic index was also recorded which was not directly correlated with either dietary carbohydrate or protein:energy level. It can be concluded from the present experiment that the optimum protein-to-energy ratio for C. labrosus juveniles is in the order of 19.72 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy when fed the present diets containing 37.9% crude protein and 22.8% lipid. Additionally, for this species, lipid was seen as a more effective source of non-protein energy than a corn starch/dextrin mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01293.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin C status and physiological response of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., to stressors associated with aquaculture (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., fed diets of equal vitamin C content were exposed to three different stressors–hyposalinity, shallow water and handling–and the effect of each on the internal homeostasis of the fish was evaluated. The individuals subjected to hyposaline stress exhibited no significant changes in plasma osmolality. Na+. Cl- K+, glucose, protein and triglyceride concentrations. Hepatic glycogen content was significantly lower in the fish subjected to the lower salinity (12%o), while the red muscle glycogen was unaltered. Amongst the challenged individuals, tissue ascorbate content was not significantly altered. Shallow water stress significantly diminished the liver and red muscle glycogen content, and lowered the liver. kidney and spleen vitamin C concentrations in the stressed fish. No significant changes were recorded in the plasma glucose, protein and triglyceride concentrations. In response to handling stress, no significant differences were detected in any of the measured parameters, with the exception of plasma glucose levels and the splenic L-ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-sulphate (vitamin C2) contents. The lack of existing standardization of both experimental designs and analytical methods made comparisons of the present data with the work of other authors difficult, thus highlighting the necessity of coordinated research in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01269.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial substitution of fish meal and full-fat soya bean meal with wheat gluten and influence of lysine supplementation in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 65-day study was undertaken to evaluate the utilization of lysine-supplemented wheat gluten meal as a protein source for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The performance of the trout fed wheat gluten was compared to that of trout where protein was principally supplied using fish meal and full-fat soyabean meal. Six isonitrogenous diets (approximately 45% crude protein) were formulated. Thus, the reference diet (FS) was based on fish meal and full-fat soya bean meal while a further five diets were formulated with a mixture of wheat gluten and wheat middlings used to isonitrogenously replace approximately 75% and 57% of the full-fat soya and fish meal respectively. Crystalline l-lysine representing 0.00%, 0.29%, 0.58%, 0.87% and 1.16% of the complete diet was then added to the wheat-gluten-based diets. Optimal performance in terms of weight gain and apparent net protein utilization was achieved by the fish fed a wheat-gluten-based diet supplemented with lysine (0.58%) yielding a digestible lysine level of 1.9% of the complete feed. Within the range of supplements provided, lysine digestibility was high. However, at the highest levels of supplemental lysine the relationship between uptake and supplement level was not linear. Additionally, arginine digestibility was not affected by the level of lysine supplementation. However, amongst the wheat-gluten-based diets, optimal performance was associated with a lysine: arginine ratio of 1.1: 1.Despite a lysine: arginine ratio of approximately 1.1: 1, the overall performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet was poorer than expected. The results are discussed with respect to optimal patterns of gross and digestible amino acids, lysine-arginine antagonism and the possible relationship between antinutritional factors and the poor performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.t01-1-00861.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotinic acid supplementation of diets for the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Semi-purified diets containing 39% crude protein and 5% lipid were used to identify the qualitative requirement of African cattish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), for niacin and to characterize the pathologies associated with a deficiency of this vitamin. After 48 days of feeding, C. gariepinus supplied with the unsupplemented diet had developed severe deficiency symptoms and were subsequently withdrawn from the growth study. Niacin deficiency was characterized by feed refusal, listlessness, weight loss, poor feed utilization and high mortality. The skin overlaying the lateral line of the deficient fish became haemorrhagic and this clinical sign was accompanied by severe anaemia. After 126 days of feeding, fish fed diets containing 17.0 mg niacin kg−1 had also developed a dermopathy. but without anaemia or high mortality. The feeding of diets containing less than 33.1 mg niacin kg−1 resulted in suboptimal feed efficiency and poor protein utilisation. Allometric analysis of proximate composition indicated that carcass moisture, protein and ash were influenced by fish size, and not by dietary niacin content. However, significantly more lipid per unit of weight gain was deposited in the carcasses of fish fed the unsupplemented diet than in fish fed diets containing 17.0mgkg−1. The indicators used in the present study could not be applied to accurately determine a value for niacin requirement. However, until a more accurate assessment is performed, it is recommended that diets for C. gariepinus contain not less than 33.1 mg nicotinic acid kg−1 feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1998.tb01105.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of multiple amino acid supplementation on the performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fed soya based diets (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), of approximately 50 g, a 63 day feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of individual and multiple amino acid supplements in diets where soyabean meal was used as the principle protein source. Iso-nitrogenous diets (45% crude protein) were formulated where the control diet (F) contained fishmeal as the reference protein and a solvent extracted soyabean meal (S) replaced approximately 66% of this protein source. The soyabean containing diets were then supplemented with crystalline amino acids thus; methionine only, dual supplemented with two methionine and lysine levels and finally, a supplement comprising methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine and histidine. The results showed that soyabean meal (SBM) was inferior to the reference protein when SBM was used to replace 66% of the fishmeal and that no significant restoration in growth, feed efficiency and apparent net protein utilization was obtained by either methionine only or dual methionine and lysine supplementation. However, by comparison with the fish fed the unsupplemented, single and dual supplemented diets, multiple amino acid incorporation was associated with significantly improved percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and marginal improvements in apparent net protein utilization. However, performance was not equal to that of the fish fed the fishmeal based control diet. The results are discussed with respect to the level of each of the essential amino acids (EAA) as a proportion of the total EAAs (A/E index) of test diets by reference to the whole body tissue amino acid profile of rainbow trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.t01-1-00836.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of tissue α-tocopherol in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), fed oxidized oils, and the compensatory effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), of mean initial weight 15 g, were fed practical diets containing fresh or rancid oil (1:1 cod liver:corn oil) supplemented with either 20 or 100 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg dry diet, at 0.03 × body weight per day for 8 weeks. After this time, catfish had grown by at least four times in body weight. Significant (P 〈 0.05) inter-treatment differences in final body weight were noted. Clarias fed low-tocopherol: oxidized-oil diets performed least well with regard to growth, though elevated dietary vitamin E partially abrogated this effect. Growth of fish fed fresh-oil diets did not benefit from increased dietary α-tocopherol content. Muscle, liver, plasma, heart and spleen all responded significantly (P 〈 0.05) to dietary vitamin E dose. Inclusion of oxidized oil in catfish diets decreased tissue α-tocopherol concentration. Hepatic α-tocopherol concentration (μg α-tocopherol per g liver) was observed to be lowered by 90% by the rancid oil diets. When fish previously fed fresh-oil diets were switched to oxidized: low-tocopherol diets, hepatic α-tocopherol concentration was significantly (P 〈 0.05) lowered within 2 weeks. The results highlight the importance of dietary oil quality in modulating tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in African catfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00078.x
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