Publication Date:
2013-09-24
Description:
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that have an essential role in human physiology, yet the molecular processes through which they bind to their endogenous agonists and activate effector proteins remain poorly understood. So far, it has not been possible to capture an active-state GPCR bound to its native neurotransmitter. Crystal structures of agonist-bound GPCRs have relied on the use of either exceptionally high-affinity agonists or receptor stabilization by mutagenesis. Many natural agonists such as adrenaline, which activates the beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2AR), bind with relatively low affinity, and they are often chemically unstable. Using directed evolution, we engineered a high-affinity camelid antibody fragment that stabilizes the active state of the beta2AR, and used this to obtain crystal structures of the activated receptor bound to multiple ligands. Here we present structures of the active-state human beta2AR bound to three chemically distinct agonists: the ultrahigh-affinity agonist BI167107, the high-affinity catecholamine agonist hydroxybenzyl isoproterenol, and the low-affinity endogenous agonist adrenaline. The crystal structures reveal a highly conserved overall ligand recognition and activation mode despite diverse ligand chemical structures and affinities that range from 100 nM to approximately 80 pM. Overall, the adrenaline-bound receptor structure is similar to the others, but it has substantial rearrangements in extracellular loop three and the extracellular tip of transmembrane helix 6. These structures also reveal a water-mediated hydrogen bond between two conserved tyrosines, which appears to stabilize the active state of the beta2AR and related GPCRs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ring, Aaron M -- Manglik, Aashish -- Kruse, Andrew C -- Enos, Michael D -- Weis, William I -- Garcia, K Christopher -- Kobilka, Brian K -- GM08311806/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS02847123/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083118/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008294/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 24;502(7472):575-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12572. Epub 2013 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24056936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/*pharmacology
;
Benzoxazines/pharmacology
;
Binding Sites/drug effects
;
Crystallography, X-Ray
;
Directed Molecular Evolution
;
Epinephrine/*pharmacology
;
Humans
;
Hydrogen Bonding/drug effects
;
Isoproterenol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
;
Ligands
;
Models, Molecular
;
*Protein Engineering
;
Protein Stability/drug effects
;
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/drug effects/*metabolism
;
Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics/*pharmacology
;
Tyrosine/chemistry/metabolism
;
Water/chemistry/pharmacology
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
