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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 27 (1954), S. 179-189 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A comparison of the diurnal range of fog and visibility conditions at Milano and Roma, the station near the coast, showed that at Roma good seeing occurs much more often than at Milano, the inland station, whilst conditions are vice versa in case of low visual range and fog at every daytime. The monthly variation of fog frequency was mapped out for the northern and central part of Italy. Centres of fog frequency are prevalent in winter, the most outstandig of which is to be found near Bologna with 15 days with fog in December. Summer shows some very unimportant and single centres with up to 2 days with fog only. Further tests were made on the frequency and variation of humidity at Venezia in their monthly course as well as on days with continuous fog in December at Pavia and on the distribution of frequency along one meridional section. The annual conditions of fog are pointed out in a map of the annual average sum of days with fog. The plain of the Po shows an average sum of 30–40 days p.a. The absolute maximum of 86 days, caused partly by cloud barrage, is situated near Bologna. The average number of days with fog per year amounts to 57 at Venezia and 19 at Roma. Finally the frequency of fog was studied in connection with the prevailing weather conditions. It has been found, that at any rate wind distribution has to be considered for the explanation of fog frequencies. At Venezia moist seawinds, blowing nearly throughout the year, account for the occurence of mixing fog. In winter the Apennins often are causing cloud barrage which explains the relatively high number of days with fog in that region. In winter or spring Genova and the area of the Riviera often have low visual range which is bound up withV b-activity. At Roma and Ancona the frequency of fog is low because the local winds often blow from land to sea.
    Abstract: Riassunto Si esamina dapprima l'andamento giornaliero della nebbia e della visibilità in alcune località dell'Italia settentrionale e centrale. Risulta fra l'altro che le condizioni migliori della visibilità presentano la massima frequenza lungo le coste del Lazio, mentre esse si verificano con frequenza minima nella pianura padana, attorno a Milano. Circa la distribuzione mensile, rappresentata graficamente, risalta il numero di 15 giorni di nebbia che si ha in media a Bologna nel mese di Dicembre. Vengono anche indagati i rapporti fra la frequenza mensile della nebbia e l'umidità dell'aria a Venezia ed a Pavia. Le condizioni annuali sono quindi esaminate con una cartina delle medie del totale annuo dei giorni di nebbia. La pianura padana accusa un totale medio di 30–40 giorni. Il massimo assoluto si ha a Bologna con 86 giorni, da ascriversi all'azione di sbarramento degli Appennini. Il numero medio annuo dei giorni di nebbia a Venezia è di 57, si riduce per Roma a soli 19. Infine, vengono discussi i rapporti esistenti fra la frequenza della nebbia e le situazioni meteorologiche dominanti, dal che risulta la notevole importanza che rivestono i venti. Così a Venezia i venti umidi che soffiano in gran parte dell'anno dal mare verso terra dànno origine a nebbia di mescolamento. La nebbia sugli Appennini o presso questi è determinata dal loro effetto di sbarramento. Nella Riviera Ligure le condizioni di scarsa visibilità sono spesso legate a situazioni baricheV b. A Roma e sulle coste dell'Adriatico (Ancona) la nebbia è assai scarsa perchè i venti soffiano prevalentemente da terra verso il mare.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dertägliche Gang der Nebel- und Sichtverhältnisse zwischen Mailand und Rom wurde verglichen. Es ergaben sich sehr ausgeprägte Merkmale. Gute Sichten traten viel häufiger an der küstennahen Station Rom und viel seltener an der oberitalienischen Binnenstation Mailand auf, während bei schlechten Sichten und Nebel zu allen Tageszeiten die Verhältnisse umgekehrt liegen. Dermonatliche Verlauf der Nebelhäufigkeit wurde für Ober- und Mittelitalien kartiert. Im Winter ergaben sich Nebelzentren, deren auffallendstes mit 15 Nebeltagen im Dezember bei Bologna zu finden ist. Der Sommer weist einzelne, sehr schwache Nebelzentren bis nur 2 Nebeltage im Juni auf. Im monatlichen Verlauf werden dann weiterhin Nebelhäufigkeit und Feuchteverlauf in Venedig, Tage mit anhaltendem Nebel im Dezember in Pavia und Häufigkeitsverteilung auf einem Meridionalschnitt untersucht. Die Nebelverhältnisseim Jahr zeigt eine Karte dermittleren Jahressumme der Nebeltage. Die Poebene weist eine mittlere Jahressumme von 30–40 Tagen auf. Das absolute Maximum mit 86 Tagen liegt bei Bologna, es ist zu einem Teil durch Stau bedingt. Diemittlere Anzahl der Nebeltage beträgtim Jahr in Venedig 57 und in Rom nur 19. Abschließend wird noch die Nebelhäufigkeit mit der vorherrschenden Wetterlage in Zusammenhang gebracht. Es ergibt sich, daß unbedingt die Windverhältnisse bei der Erklärung von Nebelhäufigkeiten herangezogen werden müssen. In Venedig geben die fast das ganze Jahr wehenden feuchten Seewinde Anlaß zu Mischungsnebel. Im Winter befinden sich die Apenninen oft im Wolkenstau, daher tritt dort eine relativ hohe Zahl von Nebeltagen auf. Genua und der Raum an der Riviera haben öfters im Winter und Frühjahr schlechte Sichten, die durch dieV b-Tätigkeit bedingt sind. In Rom und Ancona tritt die Nebelhäufigkeit wegen oft ablandiger Winde stark zurück.
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