Publication Date:
2006-11-04
Description:
Changes in gene regulation likely influenced the profound phenotypic divergence of humans from other mammals, but the extent of adaptive substitution in human regulatory sequences remains unknown. We identified 992 conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) with a significant excess of human-specific substitutions. These accelerated elements were disproportionately found near genes involved in neuronal cell adhesion. To assess the uniqueness of human noncoding evolution, we examined CNSs accelerated in chimpanzee and mouse. Although we observed a similar enrichment near neuronal adhesion genes in chimpanzee, the accelerated CNSs themselves exhibited almost no overlap with those in human, suggesting independent evolution toward different neuronal phenotypes in each species. CNSs accelerated in mouse showed no bias toward neuronal cell adhesion. Our results indicate that widespread cis-regulatory changes in human evolution may have contributed to uniquely human features of brain development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Noonan, James P -- Paabo, Svante -- Rubin, Edward M -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Base Sequence
;
Brain/physiology
;
Cell Adhesion/*genetics
;
Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
;
Cognition
;
*Conserved Sequence
;
DNA, Intergenic/*genetics
;
*Evolution, Molecular
;
Genome, Human
;
Humans
;
Mice
;
Neurons/*physiology
;
Pan troglodytes/genetics
;
*Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
