Publication Date:
2020-12-14
Description:
In this study, we present global climatological distribution of ionospheric plasma irregularities based on measurements by the Swarm satellites. These first global statistics obtained by direct, in‐situ measurements of plasma variations with Swarm confirm the presence of three main regions of strong ionospheric irregularities: the magnetic equator extending from postsunset to early morning, in the auroral ovals (from dayside cusp to nightside), and inside the polar caps. At equatorial latitudes, ionospheric irregularities form two bands of enhanced plasma fluctuations centered at ±10° magnetic latitude. Due to different plasma processes, ionospheric irregularities at high and low latitudes show different distributions. Though the averaged intensity of plasma irregularities is weaker at the equatorial latitudes than at high‐latitudes, the occurrence rate of significant plasma fluctuations (corresponding to extreme events) is much higher at the equator than that at high latitudes. Equatorial irregularities display clear seasonal and longitudinal variations, i.e., they are most prominent over South America during the December solstice, and are located over Africa during the June solstice. The magnitude of ionospheric irregularities at all latitudes is strongly controlled by the solar activity. Ionospheric irregularities become significantly weaker after 2016 during the current declining phase of solar activity. The interplanetary magnetic field B z modulates the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities at both high and low latitudes.
Language:
English
Type:
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Format:
application/pdf
