Call number:
AWI A5-96-0611
In:
Environmental fluid mechanics
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
299 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Edition:
1st edition 1982, reprinted 1984
ISBN:
9027712476
Series Statement:
Environmental fluid mechanics 1
Language:
English
Note:
Table of Contents:
FOREWORD. -
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION. -
1.1. Definitions. -
1.2. Practical Scope. -
a. The Water Budget. -
b. The Energy Budget. -
1.3. Global Climatology. -
1.4. The Transfer of Other Admixtures at the Earth-Atmosphere Interface. -
CHAPTER 2. HISTORY OF THE THEORIES OF EVAPORATION - A CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH. -
2.1. Greek Antiquity. -
2.2. The Roman Period and the Middle Ages. -
2.3. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Initial Measurements and Experimentation. -
2.4. Foundations of Present Theories in the Nineteenth Century. -
CHAPTER 3. THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE. -
3.1. Moist Air. -
a. Some Parameter Definitions. -
b. Useful Forms of the First Law of Thermodynamics. -
c. Saturation Vapor Pressure. -
3.2. Hydrostatic Stability of Partly Saturated Atmosphere. -
a. Small Adiabatic Displacements. -
b. Potential Temperature. -
3.3. Atmospheric Transport of Water Vapor. -
a. Conservation of Water Vapor. -
b. Other Conservation Equations. -
c. Solution of the Transport Equations . -
3.4. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. -
CHAPTER 4. MEAN PROFILES AND SIMILARITY IN A STATIONARY AND HORIZONTALLY UNIFORM ABL. -
4.1. The Dynamic Sublayer. -
a. The Logarithmic Profile. -
b. The Power Law Approximation. -
4.2. The Surface Sublayer. -
a. The Mean Profiles. -
b. Some Flux-Profile Functions. -
4.3. Bulk Parameterization of the Whole ABL. -
a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles in the Outer Sublayer. -
b. Bulk Transfer Equations for the ABL. -
4.4. The Interfacial Sublayers. -
a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles. -
b. Interfacial Bulk Transfer Equations for Scalar Admixtures. -
c. Smooth Surfaces: The Viscous Sublayer. -
d. Surfaces with Bluff Roughness Elements. -
e. Surfaces with Permeable Roughnesses: The Canopy Sublayer. -
CHAPTER 5. THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERIZATION. -
5.1. The Momentum Roughness. -
a. Land Surfaces. -
b. Water Surfaces. -
5.2. The Scalar Roughness. -
a. Calculation from Interfacial Transfer Coefficients. -
b. Values Over Water. -
CHAPTER 6. ENERGY FLUXES AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE. -
6.1. Net Radiation. -
a. Global Short Wave Radiation. -
b. Albedo. -
c. Long-Wave or Terrestrial Radiation. -
6.2. Energy Absorption by Photosynthesis. -
6.3. Energy Flux at Lower Boundary of the Layer. -
a. Land Surfaces. -
b. Whole Water Bodies. -
c. Water Surfaces. -
6.4. Remaining Terms. -
a. Energy Advection. -
b. Rate of Change of Energy Stored in the Layer. -
CHAPTER 7. ADVECTION EFFECTS NEAR CHANGES IN SURFACE CONDITIONS. -
7.1. The Internal Boundary Layer. -
a. Equations for the Mean Field. -
b. Methods of Closure for Disturbed Boundary Layers: A Brief Survey. -
c. Some General Features of Local Momentum Advection. Fetch Requirement. -
7.2. Evaporation with Local Advection. -
a. Analytical Solutions with Power Laws. -
b. Numerical Studies. -
CHAPTER 8. METHODS BASED ON TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS. -
8.1. Direct or Eddy-Correlation Method. -
a. Instruments. -
b. Requirements on Instrumentation. -
8.2. The Dissipation Method. -
a. The Direct Variance Dissipation Method. -
b. The Inertial Dissipation (or Spectral Density) Method. -
CHAPTER 9. METHODS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS OF MEAN PROFILES. -
9.1. Mean Profile Method With Similarity Formulations. -
a. Measurements in the Surface Sublayer. -
b. Measurements in the Dynamic Sublayer. -
c. Upper-Air Measurements: The ABL Profile Method. -
9.2. Bulk Transfer Approach. -
a. Over a Uniform Surface. -
b. Evaporation From Lakes. -
9.3. Sampling Times. -
CHAPTER 10. ENERGY BUDGET AND RELATED METHODS. -
10.1. Standard Application. -
a. With Bowen Ratio (EBBR). -
b. With Profiles of Mean Wind and of One Scalar (EBWSP). -
10.2. Simplified Methods for Wet Surfaces. -
a. Some Comments on Potential Evaporation. -
b. The EBWSP Method With Measurements at One Level. -
c. Advection-Free Evaporation from Wet Surfaces. -
10.3. Simplified Methods for Actual Evapotranspiration. -
a. Adjustment of Penman's Approach With Bulk Stomatal Resistance. -
b. Complementary Relationships between Actual and Potential Evaporation. -
c. Extensions of Equilibrium Evaporation Concept. -
CHAPTER 11. MASS BUDGET METHODS. -
11.1 Terrestrial Water Budget a. Soil Water Depletion and Seepage. -
b. River Basins and Other Hydrological Catchments. -
c. Lakes and Open-water Reservoirs. -
d. Water Budget-Related Instruments; Evaporimeters. -
11.2. Atmospheric Water Budget a. Concept and Formulation b. Application of the Method . -
HISTORICAL REFERENCES (PRIOR TO 1900). -
REFERENCES. -
INDEX.
Location:
AWI Reading room
Branch Library:
AWI Library
