Signatur:
AWI G6-98-0404
Materialart:
Monographie ausleihbar
Seiten:
XX, 438 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Ausgabe:
First published
ISBN:
1859961355
Serie:
Environmental Plant Biology Series
URL:
https://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/227055667.pdf
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Contents
Contributors
Abbreviations and symbols
Introduction
Section 1. Isotope sources, analysis and interpretation of organic composition
1. High-precision deuterium and BC measurement by continuous flow-lRMS: organic and position-specific isotope analysis / J. T Brenna, H.J. Tobias and T.N. Corso
Introduction
CF-IRMS analysis of HD/H2
Carbon isotopes: automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA)
References
2. Carbon isotope effects on key reactions in plant metabolism and 13C-patterns in natural compounds / H.-L. Schmidt and G. Gleixner
Introduction
Influence of carboxylations on the initial 13C distribution pattern
Influence of aldol reactions and decarboxylations on secondary distribution patterns
Ester and aldol reactions during secondary metabolism
Effect of other lyase reactions
Reactions involving C1-metabolism
Isotope effects on reactions introducing hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in biological compounds
Conclusion
References
3. Interpretation of oxygen isotope composition of leaf material/ G.D. Farquhar, M.M. Barbour and B.K. Henry
Why are we interested in the oxygen isotope ratio of organic matter?
Oxygen isotopes in plant organic matter: a historical perspective
On the enrichment of 18O in water within the plant
Variation within the leaf 30
Isotopic exchange of oxygen during metabolism
Isotopic history of oxygen in organic molecules
The potential for oxygen isotopes in evaluating plant water use
Oxygen isotope composition of organic matter: methodology and analysis
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
4. lntramolecular deuterium distributions and plant growth conditions / J. Schleucher
Introduction
Methodology
Variation of intramolecular D distributions
Discussion and outlook
References
Section 2. Soils, nutrients and plants
5. Stable isotope studies of soil nitrogen / D.W. Hopkins, R.E. Wheatley and D. Robinson
Introduction
Transformations of soil nitrogen
Distribution of soil nitrogen
Spatial variability of soil N
Use of 15N natural abundance to investigate soil processes
Conclusions
References
6. 15N at natural abundance levels in terrestrial vascular plants: a précis / L.L. Handley, C.M. Scrimgeour and J.A. Raven
Introduction
What are the patterns in the δ15N signal?
Experimental systems
Needs for research
References
7. Variations in fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in higher plants : N metabolism and partitioning in phloem and xylem / T. Yoneyama, H. Fujiwara and J.M. Wilson
Introduction
Acquisition of nitrogen
Metabolism of nitrogen
Translocation of nitrogen
C and N concentration and isotope composition in castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Conclusions and future directions
References
Section 3. Photosynthesis, plants and water
8. Carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants: carboxylations and decarboxylations / J.S. Gillon, A.M. Borland, K.G. Harwood, A. Roberts, M.S.J. Broadmeadow and H. Griffiths
Introduction
Net carbon isotope discrimination
Photosynthetic discrimination
Respiratory discrimination
Refixation of respiratory CO2
Discrimination under natural conditions
Conclusions
References
9. Carbon isotope discrimination in structural and non-structural carbohydrates in relation to productivity and adaptation to unfavourable conditions / E. Brugnoli, A. Scartazza, M. Lauteri, M.C. Monteverdi and C. Máguas 133
Introduction
Theoretical background to carbon isotope discrimination
WUE and plant productivity 1
Carbon isotope discrimination in soluble carbohydrates and productivity
Soluble carbohydrate Δ13C and CO2 mesophyll conductance
Concluding remarks
References
10. Oxygen-18 of leaf water: a crossroad for plant-associated isotopic signals / D. Yakir
Introduction
Evaporative enrichment
Source water
Atmospheric moisture and boundary layers
Bulk leaf water
2-D simulation of 18O in leaf water
18O of water in chloroplasts
Conclusions
References
11. The role of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in understanding water movement along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum / T.E. Dawson, R.C. Pausch, H.M. Parker
Introduction
Stable isotopes and our understanding of water movement along the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum
Future research on isotopes and the SPAC
References
Section 4. Integration of terrestrial ecosystems
12. Oxygen isotope effects during CO2 exchange: from leaf to ecosystem processes / L.B. Flanagan
Introduction
Discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthetic gas exchange
Oxygen isotope effects during respiratory CO2 exchange
Relative influence of photosynthesis, respiration and turbulent fluxes on the isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 in plant canopies
Regional and global variation in the influence of terrestrial ecosystems on the oxygen isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2
References
13. Carbon isotope discrimination of terrestrial ecosystems / N. Buchmann, R.J. Brooks, L.B. Flanagan and J.R. Ehleringer
Introduction
Methodology
Variation in Δe estimates
Conclusions
References
14. Assessing sensitivity to change in desert ecosystems - a stable isotope approach / J.R. Ehleringer, R.D. Evans and D. Williams
Introduction
Deserts as pulse-driven ecosystems
Water uptake patterns by aridland plants
Stomatal limitations as inferred from carbon isotope ratios
Nitrogen sources
Sensitivity of Colorado Plateau arid land ecosystems to invasions
Conclusions
References
Section 5. Integration of marine ecosystems
15. Carbon stable isotope fractionation in marine systems: open ocean studies and laboratory studies / A.M. Johnston and H. Kennedy
Introduction
Open ocean studies
Laboratory studies
Recommendations for future research
References
16. 15N and the assimilation of nitrogen by marine phytoplankton: the past, present and future? / N.J.P Owens and L.J. Watts
Introduction
The past - a short historical review
Natural abundance v tracer studies
The present - methods and techniques
The present - a discussion of results from recent studies
The future - possible developments for 15N studies in biological oceanography
Summary and conclusions
References
Section 6. The immediate past: the Holocene
17. Archaeological reconstruction using stable isotopes / A.M. Pollard
Introduction
Isotope archaeology
Dietary reconstruction using stable isotopes
Isotopes and human mobility
Summary
References
18. Stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose / R. Switsur and J. Waterhouse
Introduction
Atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon stable isotope ratios
Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios
References
Section 7. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions from Precambrian to Quaternary
19. Phylogeny, palaeoatmospheres and the evolution of phototrophy / J.A. Raven
Introduction
The phylogeny of O2-producing phototrophs and their carboxylases
Timing of origin of taxa of O2-evolving phototrophs in relation to changes in atmospheric composition
The contribution of 13C/12C measurements to our understanding of the evolution of phototrophy
Is the 13CO2/12CO2 discrimination factor of RUBISCO subject to direct natural selection?
Conclusions and prospects
References
20. Modelling changes in land plant function over the Phanerozoic / D.J. Beerling and F.I. Woodward
Introduction
Atmospheric evolution
Phanerozoic changes in leaf function
Terrestrial productivity in the Carboniferous
Global patterns of leaf carbon isotope composition
Concluding remarks
References
21. Carbon isotopes, diets of North American equids, and the evolution of North American C4 grasslands / T.E. Cerling, J.M. Harris and B.J. McFadden
Introduction
Sampling protocol and sources of material
Transition to C4 diet in equids: occurrence of C4-dominated diets, hypsodonty, and the radiation of equid genera
Geographical and temporal distribution of C4 grasses in North America
Regional patterns and variations
History of C4 grasses versus C4 grasslands in North America
Equid diversity during the Neogene
Global expansion of C4 ecosystems
Summary and implications
References
22. Carbon isotopes in lake sediments and peats of last glacial age: implicati
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