ALBERT

Description: Protium Pullei Swart n.sp. Arbor circ. 12 m alta. Ramuli robusti 4 mm diam. teretes glabri fusci lenticellis oblongis ferrugineis muniti. Folia trifoliolata 17 (16—21) cm longa glabra, petiolis robustis semiteretibus 4.5 cm longis basi incrassatis demum transverse rimosis, petiolulis semiteretibus robustis utrinque subincrassatis 1 cm longis sed terminalibus 2.25 cm longis, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis II (7.5—13) cm longis 5 (3.75—5.5) cm latis, apice abruptius acuminatis, acumine sublineari 8 (5—10) mm longo 2.5 (2—3) mm lato, basi cuneata, margine integro, coriaceis utrinque nitidis laevibus supra glaucescentis infra viridis, nervis secundariis utrinque II, nervis prim. et sec. utrinque prominentibus. Inflorescendae axillares breves pauce ramosae pauciflorae circ. 1 cm longae. Ramuli teretes striati cum pedicellis teretibus flore aequilongis bracteis bracteolisque triangularibus obtusis densiuscule puberulis. Flores 5-meri glabri. Calyx cupuliformis lobis oblongo-triangularibus acutis tubo aequilongis. Petala valvata oblongo-triangularia acuto apiculo inflexo carnosa. Stamina 10. Discus 10-lobis glaber. Pistillum glabrum, ovario late ovoideo stigmate 5-lobo coronato. Type: Maguire 24784 in herb. NY, 17 Sept. 1944, Suriname, Tafelberg, mixed transition high-low bush, 5 km S.W. of Savanna I.

Description: Zeer geachte Toehoorderessen en Toehoorders, Bij het beginnen van een wetenschappelijk onderzoek zal meestal degene die zich daaraan gezet heeft, allereerst het antwoord dienen te vinden op enkele fundamentele vragen. Zijn deze primaire vragen beantwoord, dan is de weg gebaand voor verder onderzoek en voor algemene theoretische beschouwingen. Deze fundamentele vragen zijn echter niet voor elke onderzoeker en ook niet voor elk onderzoek in een zelfde tak van wetenschap steeds gelijk. Dit hangt af van vele factoren, zoals: uiteindelijk doel van de studie, aard van het materiaal, geaardheid vooral van de onderzoeker, enz. Vandaag wil ik met U behandelen de hoofdvragen, die zich bij mij, voor de aan mij toevertrouwde onderdelen van de botanie steeds op de voorgrond plaatsen en de wijze waarop ik die beantwoorden pleeg te interpreteren voor het verdere onderzoek. Hierdoor zal ik tevens de gelegenheid hebben, om aan te stippen in welke richting wij op het gebied van de bijzondere plantkunde en de plantengeografie nog onderzoekingen kunnen verrichten, die ons inzicht in het geheel aanmerkelijk kunnen verruimen. Voor ik met mijn eigenlijke onderwerp begin, moet ik toch iets zeggen over wat „bijzondere plantkunde” is. Ik zal er niet te veel over uitweiden, daar, zoals Koningsberger en Reinders in het voorwoord van het eerste deel van het Leerboek der Algemeene Plantkunde terecht opmerken, de scheiding tussen „algemene” en „bijzondere” plantkunde uiteraard onscherp is. Volgens de letter van de gebruikelijke terminologie zou eigenlijk alles wat niet „algemeen” is thuis horen onder de bijzondere plantkunde. Zover wil ik niet gaan, want dat zou mijn taak wel heel omvangrijk maken en afgezien van het feit dat het buiten mijn kunnen zou komen te vallen, denk ik ook dat mijn collega voor de algemene plantkunde ernstige bezwaren zou maken indien ik datgene van de plantenphysiologie dat zeker niet algemeen is te noemen, voor mijzelf zou gaan opeisen. Ik wil daarom beginnen de physiologie, hoe bijzonder deze hier en daar ook moge zijn, maar onmiddellijk in zijn geheel bij de algemene plantkunde te plaatsen. Voor de rest zou ik mijn bovengenoemde definitie, dus „bijzonder” is alles wat niet „algemeen” is, in grote trekken willen volgen, met dien verstande dat ik mij natuurlijk wil houden aan de veelal gebruikelijke taakverdeling, zodat b.v. de „algemene” morphologie en anatomie van de Angiospermen, die in feite in het plantenrijk als geheel, „bijzonder” is, bij de „algemene plantkunde” wordt ondergebracht. De speciale en vergelijkende morphologie van deze groep reken ik echter zeer zeker tot de mij toegewezen tak van wetenschap. Ook de afgrenzing met de genetica is niet scherp. Indien men elk onderzoek waarbij niet uitsluitend op het phaenotype maar ook op het genotype gelet wordt, tot de genetica wil rekenen, dan zal de betrekkelijk jonge experimentele plantensystematiek of biosystematiek geen deel kunnen uitmaken van de bijzondere plantkunde. De genetici zullen het mij wel niet euvel duiden, dat ik ook deze tak van onderzoek laat staan bij de bijzondere plantkunde, waaruit zij is voortgekomen en waarvoor zij van zoveel betekenis is.

Description: Xylopia surinamensis R. E. Fr. n. sp. — Ramuli novelli dense aureo-ferrugineo-sericei, vetustiores plus minus glabrescentes et cortice densissime lenticellifero punctato vestiti; internodia 0,5—1 cm longa. Foliorum petiolus sericeo-tomentosus, 5—7 mm longus; lamina rigida, anguste lanceolata, basi rotundato-truncata, apicem versus sensim longeque attenuata, summo apice obtusa, supra ab initio glaberrima sed densissime verruculoso-punctata, subtus dense argenteosericea, 8—11 cm longa et 2—2,5 cm lata; costa supra valde impressa glaberrima, subtus prominens teres; nervi secundarii cum venulis vix conspicui. Flores in inflorescentiis densis nonnulli; bracteae numerosae, late ovatae, 1,5—2 mm longae. Sepala fere omnino coalita, calycem cupuliformem semiglobosum argenteo-sericeum 2—3 mm altum et 5—6 mm latum formantia. Petala exteriora linearia obtusa, extus argenteo-sericea, circ. 13 mm longa et 2 mm lata, prope basin subito dilatata; interiora linearia, acuta, quadrangulari-prismatica, utrinque cinereo-puberula, 12 mm longa et 1—1,2 mm crassa. Staminum filamenta 0,2 mm longa; antherae circ. 1 mm longae, locellatae, connectivi discus glaber; stamina exteriora plus minus sterilia. Pistilla numerosa (fere 30); ovaria dense sericea, circ. 1 mm longa, styli 1 mm et stigmata 1 mm longa. (Fructus ignotus). Suriname: Boschreserve, Sectio O (florifera Junio 1944. — Wood Herbarium Surinam No. 139). Typus speciei in Herb. Utrecht).

Description: Dames en Heren, In een universitair blad kwam onlangs de mededeling voor, dat aan een hoogleraar, die zich in dezelfde moeilijkheid bevindt als ik, nl. dat hij in de loop van deze cursus 70 jaar is geworden, een afscheidscollege zou worden aangeboden. Ik vond dat een sympathiek plan. Als men met college geven, ondanks de daaraan verbonden bezwaren, de 70-jarige leeftijd heeft gehaald, is het werkelijk geen overbodige weelde dat een ander de taak voor deze laatste keer van hem overneemt.

Description: It is the fate of most historic personalities that in the course of time their work sinks almost completely into oblivion, and that the few lingering reminiscences of their achievements are transmitted to later generations in the form of second- or third-hand quotations, usually mixed with more or less anecdotic episodes from their life. It must be admitted that LINNÉ occupies in this respect a comparatively favourable position, for most educated people will remember that they heard in their school days of at least three things which are credited to him, in the first place that he produced a classification of the plant kingdom which is based on the number of stamens and carpels, the so-called sexual system, in the second place that he was the first who consistently applied the binomial nomenclature, i.e. the custom to designate an organism by a combination of two names, viz. a generic and a specific one, and thirdly that he was the originator of the pronouncement “Species to numeramus quot diversae formae in principio sunt creatae” (We count so many species as in the beginning different forms were created). Other achievements of LINNÉ may have been of greater importance, but it are these three things for which he is most generally remembered. The pronouncement quoted above, which means that the groups of individuals which form the species are descended from ancestors that owed their origin to an act of creation, derives its historic importance from the part it played in the debates on the theory of evolution. As it implies that the species are constant, it became the watchword of the antagonists. It is, however, rather strange that this pronouncement has so often been quoted, for it is found in LINNÉ’s earlier works only, and was in the later ones replaced by another statement that flatly denies the constancy of the species.

Description: Erismadelphus Mildbr. is remarkable because it is the only African genus of the Vochysiaceae, a family represented in tropical America by no less than 5 genera and 180 species. Erismadelphus was discovered in 1913 by Prof. J. MILDBREAD and has hitherto been represented by only one species: E. exsul Mildbr. Recent examination of the African collections has, however, revealed the existence of two other taxa. Unfortunately the type of E. exsul (Mildbraed s.n. from Elon, French Cameroons) was destroyed at Berlin during the 1939-45 war and no duplicates or cotypes are known to exist. In response to an enquiry Prof. MILDBREAD, to whom we are very grateful, informed one of us that in his view Corbisier 1362 from Eala in Belgian Congo was identical with his original type. Prof. MILDBRAED and KEAY have, in fact, together examined Corbisier 1362 in the Herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l’Etat at Bruxelles through the courtesy of Prof. ROBYNS. Duplicates of Corbisier 1362 are at Kew and Paris, they agree in every respect with MILDBRAED’s original description and figure and we therefore propose that this specimen be adopted as the neotype (lectotype).

Description: The subject of this study are soil samples taken in the “Makkumer Waard”, a wide expanse of low-lying land, which follows the Frisian coast. Stratigraphical and palynological investigations showed that in the beginning of the Atlanticum the area lay below the level of the sea, but that gradually the influence of the sea decreased and peat formation became possible. From the transition from marine deposits to Sphagnum peat (— 4,55 m to — 3,50 m) we must conclude that there has been a temporary standstill in the transgression, or even a regression, in the middle of the Atlanticum. Towards the end of the Atlantic period a sudden marine transgression followed, which deposited a layer of sand and clay on the Sphagnum peat (— 3,50 m to — 3,30 m). Shortly before the beginning of the Subboreal (which probably sets in at — 3,10 m) an important regression began and an Eriophorum peat was formed directly on the clay (—3,30 m to —3.00 m). It is probable that the peat formation went on in the Subatlanticum, but the younger Sphagnum peat is no longer present, for a third marine transgression, which lead to the formation of the “Zuiderzee”, washed away the peat and deposited the younger sea sand. The data obtained from the Makkum profile proved to agree very well with the results of other investigators who worked in the area round the North-sea.

Description: What KIAERSK wrote in 1893 in the preface of his “Enumeratio Myrtacearum Brasiliensium” is still largely valid. It is often most difficult to define a species belonging to this family, not only because, in the absence of ripe seeds, the genus is not easily ascertainable, but also because of the strong variability shown by the vegetative characters. Thanks to the examination of the rich Guiana material preserved in the herbaria of Genève, Kew, Leiden, New York, Paris and Utrecht, I have usually been able to delimit the species in a satisfactory way; their allocation to a definite genus, however, is often a difficult problem. During the preliminary stage of this investigation, which was interrupted by the war, it was of great advantage to me that I could study the Guiana specimens of the Leiden herbarium. In order to avoid misinterpretations, I have tried to base my conclusions as far as possible on an examination of either the types themselves or of duplicates of the latter. Several of these types, especially those that form part of the earlier collections of Guiana plants, e.g. of the collection Aublet, and of the collections Desfontaines (herb. Florence) and De Candolle (Genève) had never before been reexamined, and BERG, the last monographer of the South American Myrtaceae (in Linnaea XXVII (1855—56), XXIX (1858) and XXX (1861) has either neglected these species or given an, often incorrect, interpretation based on the description alone. For this reason the second part of this paper will be devoted to a short survey of these earlier types. My best thanks are due to the directors of all herbaria mentioned. Moreover, I have to thank the “Van Eedenfonds”, whose financial aid enabled me to pay a visit to Kew and to the British Museum.

Description: In my first paper (1951) a part of the tribe Eupodostemeae was revised, viz. the genera Apinagia, Marathrum, Rhyncholacis, Lophogyne, Monostylis, Jenmaniella, Wettsteiniola and Macarenia. The second part deals with the subfamily Tristichoideae, which comprises the genera Tristicha and Weddellina, and the tribe Mourereae of the subfamily Podostemoideae, which consists of the genera Mourera, Lonchostephus, and Tulasneantha.

Description: Among the material collected by LANJOUW and LINDEMAN during the Suriname Expedition 1948—’49 a specimen of Mabea taquari Aubl. was found whose flowers showed some interesting deviations from the normal structure. In the “Flora of Suriname” vol. II, part 1 (1932), p. 78 LANJOUW states that the female flower of the genus Mabea Aubl. is apetalous and provided with a 5- or 6- partite calyx. In a re-investigation of the specimens preserved in the Utrecht Herbarium this could as a rule be confirmed.

Description: Dr J. Hutchinson retired after 44 years of service in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew (May 31, 1948), as Keeper of the Museum. He will devote his time mainly to the writing of some general handbooks especially his Genera Plantarum. He was succeeded by F.N. Howes, D. Sc. Mr H.K. Airy Shaw was appointed Principal Scientific Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on Dec. 31st, 1948.

Description: Some news was received on the revegetation of Krakatau, and the small new cone, Anak Krakatau (Krakatau Jr) as visited by a party in August 1951. Krakatau. The camp was made in the SE.corner of the island. In several places the old substratum has been traced, and in the basal layer of the ash covers, which attain sometimes 30 m thickness, remains are found of former woody share vegetation. Bases of tree trunks have partly been buried in their upright position. Some of these are charred, and have apparently been burned during the eruption; others are not charred, or have been charred only very superficially.

Description: A growing interest in the Flora Malesiana was a chief characteristic of 1950. The number of free subscriptions increased to over 320 and the total of subscriptions, therefore, to over 620 as the Government of Indonesia receives 300 copies for official purposes. The first volume of series I, the Cyclopaedia of Botanical Exploration in Malaysia, which contains the main bibliographical and biographical data of all collectors in Malaysia, accompanied when advisable by an itinerary and information concerning the collections, has now been printed. It is expected that the volume will appear before the end of the year thus bringing Mrs.M.J. van Steenis-Kruseman’s patient and devoted work during more than 12 years to a conclusion.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. van: Een teratologisch novum (Chron. Naturae 105, 1949, 150-152, 3 fig.). Peculiar polyconal monstruosity of Pinus merkusii. Anonymous: Lijst van boomsoorten verzameld in de Afd. Kapoeas-Barito, Z. Borneo. Ditto, in de Afd. Bandjermasin, Hoeloe Soengel, Z.O. Borneo. Ditto, in de Afd. Samarinda, O. Borneo. Rapport v.h. Bosbouwproefstation Buitenzorg no. 2, 3 & 5, 76, 61 & 48 pp. March, April 1949. Mimeograph. Lists of tree species collected, arranged both by native names and Latin names; of each species the number of specimens and durability class is added.

Description: Centenary of the Kew Herbarium and Library. If we are well informed the centenary of the Herbarium” and Library of the famous Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, occurs in 1953 and will be informally celebrated by an Exhibition in the Herbarium on the 8th and 9th of May, 1953, which will, we assume, be attended by many of the countless friends of this Mekka of Botany and in honour of the unsurpassed service which it renders to botanists all over the world. Indonesian timbers. A sample proof sheet was received of a book to be issued by the Indonesian Forest Research Station at Bogor. This will comprise a botanical treatment of about 400 of the most important timbers of Indonesia. Each species is to occupy 4 pages, viz a full page drawing, and one page for the text in 3 languages: Indonesian, Dutch, and English. Each description consists of the name and synonyms, preferent vernacular name, other vernacular names, geographical distribution, habitat circumscription, habit description, technical-botanical description, and notes. No mention is made of the anatomical characters of the wood; these will be published in a separate book which is prepared simultaneously. The book will probably be finished in 1956.

Description: Dr R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, Leyden, made a provisional revision of the genus Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae). Onwards of 1953 he will be working on the completion of Backer’s Flora of Java. Dr M.J. Baumann-Bodenheim who made a big collection of plants in New Caledonia during the past two years has been temporarily appointed at the Bot. Garden Zürich for the working out of this collection.

Description: It is advised to address all mail with destination Royal Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, in future as ’Royal Botanic Gardens, Bogor (Buitenzorg)’ The present number, Flora Malesiana Bulletin No. 6, concluded the 1st volume. The second volume of the Flora Malesiana Bulletin begins with no. 7.

Description: In Madroño (1936) Herre has lamented the disappearance of lichen species through the disastrous interference of man. Unavoidably, the advance of civilised modern life is linked with destruction of the vegetation. This applies all the more as the endangered area is more densely populated and it certainly applies most alarmingly to the lichen flora of the Netherlands. Here, every way-side tree felled is an irreparable loss to the epiphytic lichen communities, every acre of heath burnt or turned into arable land is a blow to our stock of terrestrial lichen species, whereas the use of dry fertilisers and the spraying of orchards are very effective in killing any lichen in the neighbourhood that otherwise might have survived. A comparison of the material preserved in the older collections with what can be found nowadays, clearly shows what has gone lost. It is sad to think that an ever increasing number of species are on their way to total extermination. However, from a thorough investigation of the epiphytic communities of cryptogams latterly started by Mr J. J. Barkman, it becomes apparent that at least to some extent the losses may be compensated by the discovery of species hitherto overlooked or not recognised. It is on such and other finds that I intend to report from time to time.

Description: A revision of the species, comprised in the section Eu-Protium of the genus Protium from the region from Asia to Australia incl., might., in view of the elaborate publications by H. J. Lam (The Burseraceae of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula etc., Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg, S. 3, 12, 1932, p. 318—324) and J. J. Swart (A Monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera, Rec. Trav. bot. néerl., 39, 1942, p. 211—146), seem superfluous. However, an examination of the Clemens material from New-Guinea of 1939 and of the type material of the thusfar mysterious Bursera tonkinensis Guill. justified the publication of some notes thereon. To these some remarks concerning observations on other species have been added. I am much indebted to the directors of the following herbaria for the loan of material: the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum, Berlin; the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. (A); the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; the herbarium of the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; the herbarium of the Botanical Institute, Wroclaw (BRSL); the “Rijksherbarium”, Leiden (L).

Description: Argostemma Wall. (type species: A. verticillatum Wall.). This large Old World genus, comprising about 240 binomials of which, ca 70-80 will prove to be distinct species, has been almost unanimously left undivided. Exceptions are Reinwardt who in 1825 created the genus Pomangium, independently of Wallich (1824) and Ridley who in 1927 based the genus Argostemmella on two Bornean species of Argostemma. My revision (in msc.) of Argostemma occurring in Malaysia confirmed the common view that there is no reason for splitting up this genus. However, several subdivisions (sections) can reasonably be accepted. As those sections mostly represent well-delimited taxa in connection with a rather evident distribution of their own, I propose here the following 5 sections for Argostemma. It should be borne in mind that I have examined almost all extra-Mallaysian species too.

Description: Trees; leaves with caducous stipules; tertiary nervation descendant, but usually lax and irregular; inflorescences clustered, axillary, manyflorous; calyx with two rows of four lobes each; corolla 8-merous, each lobe with 2 dorsal segments as long as itself; stamens epipetalous, 8, in the same row as the 8 alternipetalous staminodes; ovary usually 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled, ovules anatropous, attached at the base; fruit a berry, 1—2-seeded; seeds with a small, circular, basal scar, in which the hilum and the micropyle are placed close to one another; albumen abundant; cotyledons thin, foliaceous; radicle long, cylindrical, exsert — About 80 species in all tropical countries, except in America. In 1925, Lam (Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, sér. 3, 7, 1925, 235—237) described of M. elengi three varieties, var. typica, var. parvifolia and var. brevifolia and a forma longepedunculata in the type-variety. As was pointed out already by him, the differences between the two new varieties are slight, if existing at all. As those between M. elengi and M. parvifolia were obscured by many intermediate stages Lam was forced to consider the latter a variety of the former. Studying the more abundant material at our disposal it becomes clear that M. elengi is an extremely variable species in which it is impossible to distinguish varieties or forms. However, it must be pointed out that in the western parts of the Archipelago the leaves are large (up to 18 cm long), whereas they are decreasing in size towards the east, ending in the small leaves of the former species M. parvifolia (up to 6 cm long).

Description: The vegetative characters — especially those which are important for identification of the species — together with the distribution of the Polysiphonia species occurring in Netherland’s waters were subject of the following study. The material used consisted for the greater part of dried specimens, present in the following collections: Rijksherbarium (Leiden), herbarium Van Goor, Zoological Station (Den Helder), herbarium of the “Koninklijke Nederlandse. Botanische Vereniging” (Rijksherbarium, Leiden) and the herbaria of the Universities of Amsterdam, Groningen and Utrecht.

Description: Of this series of preparations to the definite publication of the Burseraceae in “Flora Malesiana”, the present part is giving an additional note on VI. Garuga and dealing with the genera VII. Triomma, VIII. Dacryodes and IX. Santiria (and a new combination in Protium). The present paper gives only additions to and alterations of Lam’s monograph (H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., Sér. 3, 12, 1932, 281— 561); descriptions, synonyms, litterature, specimens cited, ecological and other notes are only mentioned insofar as they are not given by Lam.

Description: This paper on the Philippine species of Argyreia forms an addition to that published by the same author in Blumea V, 2, (1943) p. 352—383. As to the description of the genus, the limitation of it against Rivea and the inclusion in it of Lettsomia may be referred to what has been said on p. 353—356 of that publication.

Description: Dr Van Ooststroom’s revision of the genus Argyreia in this series (Blumea V, 2, 1943, p. 352) did not include the collections from the Philippines and the Malay Peninsula. The species from the Philippines have been treated later on by Van Ooststroom (Blumea VI, 2, 1950, p. 337), whereas further additions were given in Blumea V, 3, 1945, p. 686 and Blumea VII, 1, 1952, p. 170. The representatives from the Malay Peninsula remained uninvestigated so far. The present paper should be considered an addition to Van Ooststroom’s papers. Consequently I have not repeated the lists of literature, descriptions, or remarks, unless important additions or changes were necessary.

Description: In the course of my study on the wood-anatomy of Javan woods (Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten), I examined also many woods from mangrove-trees. Mangrove has been the subject of much investigation; the community is usually described as xeromorphic. Mangrove woods proved to be different from woods belonging to species growing in other stations even if those species belonged to the same family or even genus. The data may be traced in my “Mikrographie” but it seems more convenient to review them here.

Description: A study has been made of the Indo-Malaysian species of Cnestis. The mutual length ratio of sepals and petals, — brevi- and aequipetaly —, is the main differentiating character for the species; there are no transitions. The areas of distribution overlap in the Malay Peninsula (fig. 1); brevipetalous types are known from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes, aequipetalous types from Burma, Siam, Indo-China and the Andaman Islands, the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines. Fruits are of two different shapes: beaked in aequipetalae of the Andamans, Burma, Siam, and Indo-China, pear-shaped in remaining aequipetalae and in brevipetalae. Leaves tend to be longer and jugae more numerous in brevipetalae than in aequipetalae. Other characters do not have so clear a separating value, such as texture and indumentum of leaflets, indumentum of inflorescence, texture and indumentum of petals, length of stamens, type and length of pistils, length ratio of stamens and pistils. However, even on the strength of these characters there is some reason to distinguish both groups mentioned above. As to the indumentum of petals there is a remarkable cline in a decreasing sense from the Philippines to continental Asia, the Andamans and the Malay Peninsula and back to the east through the brevipetalae of Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes. Brevi- and aequipetalae have been considered to represent two species, viz Cnestis platantha Griff. and Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merrill. The latter one has been divided into two subspecies, viz subsp. palala with beaked fruits and subsp. diffusa (Blanco) Andreas with pear-shaped fruits. For their area of distribution see fig. 1. In many respects some plants of the Andamans, Burma, Siam, Indo-China (and the Malay Peninsula) are different from the remaining aequipetalae, but not in a uniform way as to the various characters. Although there are some arguments for a further taxonomic subdivision, we did not think it advisable to introduce such a division at present. Our classification differs from the division as given by Schellenberg (1938). This was caused by the material on one hand, being more heterogeneous than Schellenberg described it, and, on the other hand, by the fact that some of the diagnostic characters used by him, in our opinion were not fit for use as such. Therefore a revision of Schellenberg’s system of the genus Cnestis seems desirable.

Description: Thusfar the genus Dacryodes, as far as the Australasian area is concerned, was only known to occur in Western Malaysia (including the Philippines), with a centre in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Only one, out of 13, species is extending towards Cochin China in the West and the Philippines and N. Celebes in the East and another is known from the Malay Peninsula, British N. Borneo and the Philippines (cf. the senior writer’s paper in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. III, Vol. XII, 1932, 334—366). Thus, Dacryodes was so far considered one of the many exclusively or preponderantly west-malaysian genera which do not or hardly cross Wallace’s line.

Description: The Dalskog Dais-Rostock area lies in the Swedish province of Dalsland, to the west of lake Vänern. It lies entirely within the Upperud sheet of both the topographic (1926) and geological map (1870) and comprises parts of the parishes Gunnarsnäs, Dalskog and Ör. As shown by the outline map (fig. 1), the investigated region is situated in an area of gneiss-granites and supracrustal formations, which lies to the west of lake Vänern as an island in the great, highly metamorphic complex of gneisses of southwestern Sweden. In the adjoining table the geological events wich left their marks in the rocks of the Dalskog Dals-Rostock area are listed in chronological order. For the sake of clearness the table has been completed with data known from the adjoining regions, but these are placed in parentheses.

Description: While engaged on working out the beautiful pycnogonid material dredged by Dr Th. Mortensen in shallow waters near the Virgin Islands, I thought it useful to compare this dredged material with material collected between the tide marks, or just below the low tide line. So I was very glad to meet Dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, who has made extensive collections of littoral marine animals during his various trips to the West Indies, and who kindly entrusted me with about 50 lots of pycnogonids which had already been sorted from his material. A definitive paper will be published as soon as his entire marine material has been searched for the presence of sea spiders.

Description: Faisant suite aux levés géologiques dans la zone Nord-Pyrénéenne et dans la zone axiale des Pyrénées ariégeoises et de la haute-Garonne, le Val d'Aran et le Haut-Pallaresa ont été incorporés dans la cartographie depuis 1952. Néanmoins les résultats provisoires ont déjà une importante influence sur notre conception de la structure générale de la zone axiale centrale. Il paraît utile d'en esquisser une première ébauche, quoiqu'il paraîsse certain que beaucoup de détails seront corrigés par les levés postérieurs. Le Val d'Aran depuis el Puente del Rey jusqu'au Puerto de Bonaigua constitue un vaste bassin dans lequel naît la Garona, alimentée par une dizaine d'affluents venant du Sud, de l'Est et du Nord. Sa situation au centre de la grande chaîne paléozoique des Pyrénées en fait le lieu le plus propice pour étudier le développement stratigraphique du Primaire et sa déformation structurale accompagnée de deux phases magmatiques, datant de la fin de cette époque.

Description: Several samples of asphaltic marls from the Island of Buton have been analysed on diatoms. These samples after their treatment with solvents to eliminate the asphalt content appeared to consist of greyish or yellowish white marls. Despite the vigorous treatment with several solvents, by which the asphalt content was reduced to a small fraction of a percent, it proved to be impossible to prepare and wash the samples in the usual way. Only after heating them to about 800° F. for several hours, they could with much care be washed and cleaned adequately for final examination. The samples were labelled: Waisioe and Kaboengka.

Description: The description of the Foraminifera of the type-locality of the Maestrichtian and its stratigraphical value is the object of this thesis. This type-locality is found in the Southern part of the Dutch province of Limburg.

Description: Miopliocene marls from the island of Buton yield a large marine foraminiferal fauna and some calcareous algae. Three-hundred and thirthy-three species have been identified. Two genera, twenty-three species and four varieties are described as new. The existence of mud-volcanoes in young neogene time is advocated.

Description: The numbers (St. ...) quoted in the present systematic part, are the registration numbers of specimens in the Geological Museum at Leiden. The molluscan collection from Poeloe Boenjoe comprises the numbers St. 41757—’61 (inclusive), ’63—’70, ’73—’97, ’99—41802, ’04—’09; Tarakan: St. 41742—’50, ’98. Other organisms: Boenjoe: St. 41762, ’71, ’72, ’95, 41803; Tarakan: St. 41751, ’52, ’53, ’54, ’55.

Description: Depuis longtemps on trouve dans la littérature sur la géologie des Pyrénées des discussions sur les lherzolites et les ophites, concernant leur origine, leur âge et leur mode de formation. En général ces discussions ont rendu difficile l'éclaircissement de ce problème et un résumé de toute la littérature manque jusqu'ici. Dans un rapport inédit de l'Institut géologique de l'Université de Leyde M. H. Heetveld a rassemblé toutes les données sur les lherzolites et ophites, et en vérité il est difficile d'en tirer une conclusion. C'est pourquoi nous ferons dans cet article une proposition quant à leur définition et leur âge et mode de formation. Les deux termes lherzolite et ophite sont bien définis: la lherzolite est une roche consistant essentiellement en olivine ,parfois serpentinisée, et en plus de diallage ou diopside, bronzite et picotite. En réalité une lherzolite est une péridotite avec un caractère spécial. L'ophite est une roche composée de plagioclase, An 40—70, pyroxène, souvent ouralitisé, et quelques minéraux accessoires, avec une texture ophitique.

Description: Depuis 1948 des groupes d'étudiants en géologie de l'Université de Leiden sous ma direction, plus tard assisté par M. Zwakt, se sont occupés de la géologie du Primaire des Pyrénées centrales. Le levé s'est déplacé graduellement du Nord vers le Sud et de l'Est vers l'Ouest, de sorte qu'en 1953 nous avons dépassé la frontière franco-espagnole et entrepris la cartographie du Val d'Aran et de la Haute Pallaresa. Evidemment nous nous sommes basés largement sur les travaux de nos prédécesseurs, français surtout, et sur les feuilles au 80.000ième de la carte géologique, dont surtout les nouvelles éditions des feuilles de Foix et de Bagnères de Luchon ont été un precieux appui. Tous les noms des grands géologues pyrénéens, de Leymerie, Caralp, Mussy, Dalloni, Léon Bertrand, Raguin, Casteras, sont associés à ces cartes et je crois qu'il est superflu de rappeler à chaque instant leur rôle individuel dans ce court exposé. Le manque presque total de fossiles oblige chaque géologue de terrain de notre région à opérer par comparaisons de facies lointains et considérations générales et l'oblige à cartographier la totalité d'une grande région afin d'aboutir à une conception générale. Chaque lacune du levé de terrain se venge irrévocablement par des raccordements faux, il faut tout suivre sur le terrain, autrement on tombe dans des erreurs graves puisque les facies ne sont pas très constants.

Description: Last year Prof. Dr. I.M. van der Vlerk brought to my attention a collection of fossil remains of mammals dredged up in the East Schelde, province of Zeeland, Netherlands. The fossils were obtained by the Schot brothers of the ZZ 8 from the bottom of a through ca. 1500 m long, 200 m wide, and 35 to 45 m deep along the South coast of Schouwen island North of the Roggenplaat, and belong to the municipal museum of Zieriksee. The keeper, Mr. P. van Beveren, suggested that they be identified. Prof. Van der Vlerk kindly arranged a short visit to Zieriksee to enable me to select the specimens described in the present contribution, and Prof. Dr. B.G. Escher, director of the Geological Museum at Leiden, had the photographs taken at his institution by Mr. W.F. Tegelaar. This cooperation is here gratefully acknowledged. The fossils dredged from the East Schelde, as might be expected, are of various ages. Besides remains of mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, and red deer, there are teeth of bunomastodontids and of primitive elephantines. Very similar teeth from the East Schelde have already been described by the late Miss Dr. A. Schreuder (1944, 1945a, 1949), who identified them as Anancus arvernensis (Croizet et Jobert) and Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley) respectively. The fossils thus identified are stained jet black, and for this reason have been referred to as “black fossils” in the Dutch literature (Van der Vlerk, 1938, p. 10; Van der Vlerk and Florschütz, 1950, p. 63; Van der Vlerk, 1951, p. 119/120; 1952, pp. 156, 157). They are taken to represent a fauna somewhat older than that of Tegelen in Limburg province (= Upper Villafranchian: Schreuder, 1945b), and have been correlated with the Red Crags of England, Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleistocene according to one’s own favoured definition of the Plio-Pleistocene boundary.

Description: In the collections of the Leyden Geological Museum is a set of fossiliferous clay-stones which was long ago collected by the mining engineer Hulshoff-Pol in the coal quarries of Batoe Panggal 1), Eastern Borneo. He presented the collection in 1902 to Dr M. Schmidt, who at that time was making geological investigations in Borneo. After Dr Schmidt’s appointment to a professorship in Stuttgart, the fossil collections made by him in Borneo were acquired by the Leyden Geological Museum (1920). Fig. 1 roughly indicates the locality of Batoe Panggal, while Fig. 2 depicts the delta area of the Mahakkam or Koetei river and its neighbouring areas. The dotted area is again represented in Fig. 3 below.

Description: Seit 1949 ist das Geologisch-Mineralogische Institut der Reichsuniversität Leiden, (und zwar dessen Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Leitung Prof. Dr. E. Niggli) mit Untersuchungen am Granitmassiv von Sept-Laux (Belledonne-Massiv, Frankreich) beschäftigt. Diese haben als Ziel, einen kleinen Beitrag zu liefern zum Versuche der Lösung eines der wichtigsten petrogenetischen Probleme, nämlich der Frage nach der Entstehung von granitischen Gesteinen und Massiven. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde ein Teil des zentralen Granites des Belledonnemassivs im Masstabe 1:10000 kartiert, wobei besonders interessante Stellen mit dem Messtisch im Masstabe 1:100 bis 1:1000 aufgenommen wurden. Mehr als 800 Handstücke wurden gesammelt und untersucht; von 100 Handstücken wurden chemische Analysen angefertigt, um ein so genau mögliches Bild der petrochemisehen Verhältnisse zu erlangen. Tausende von Kluftmessungen wurden ausgeführt und an zahlreichen Proben gefügekundliche Untersuchungen angestellt. Ueber diese und andere Terrainund Laboratoriumsarbeiten wird später von meinen Mitarbeitern ausführlich berichtet werden. In der vorliegenden ersten Mitteilung soil nur ein Detailproblem behandelt werden, nämlich die Anwendung stereometrischer Kriteria bei der Lösung der Frage, wie die Aplit- bis Pegmatitgänge des Sept-Laux-Gebietes entstanden sind. Die Wahl des Arbeitsgebietes für unsere Granit-untersuchungen fiel aus den folgenden Gründen auf die hochalpine Region von Sept-Laux (± 2000 m über Meer) : die Aufschlüsse sind im allgemeinen hervorragend und ausgedehnt, da Vegetation kaum stört; ferner sind die Gesteine im allgemeinen sehr frisch und wenig verwittert. Als Nachteil muss in Kauf genommen werden, dass die alpine Gebirgsbildung nicht spurlos an den Gesteinen vorbeigegangen ist. Der wohl herzynische Granit von Sept-Laux zeigt mikro- und makroskopisch zahlreiche Erscheinungen der spateren alpinen Dislokations-metamorphose und Orogenese. Immerhin ist zu bemerken, dass die alpine Gesteinsumwandlung hier bedeutend geringere Ausmasse als in den schweizerischen Zentralmassiven annahm.

Description: Un des plus grands phénomènes structuraux des Pyrénées est sans doute la faille Nord-Pyrénéenne qui longe la zone axiale depuis la Méditerranée jusqu'à la côte atlantique. Elle est caractérisée par plusieurs particularités exceptionelles, dont le métamorphisme des terrains jurassiques et crétacés inf., accompagné d'intrusions de roches basiques est le plus important.

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: 1. This paper deals with a pollenanalytical investigation of holocenic peat-layers in Central Friesland. 2. One diagram shows a praeboreal spectrum with Betula in the dominant position, the first appearance of thermophilous trees (Corylus, Alnus) and a high percentage of Gramineous and Cyperaceous pollen. 3. Originally in all diagrams the percentages of Ericaceous pollen are low. 4. During the boreal time the peat formation was of little importance. A maximum of Corylus pollen in the boreal period has not been found here. 5. In the Atlanticum a thick layer of peat has been formed; the percentage of Alnus pollen remains high, the Quercetum-mixtum fluctuates between 10 and 25 per cent and there is also much Corylus pollen. 6. Two narrow clay-bands are present in the peat. They contain many pollen grains of halophytic plants, which indicates that there must have been two marine transgressions in the Atlanticum. These transgressions will have reached their farthest point in this region. 7. In the upper atlantic and subboreal peat-layers there are many fragments of Ericaceae and also a high percentage of Ericaceous pollen. 8. The Young Sphagnum peat consists of Sphagnum species of the Cymbifolia section. The presence of Fagus pollen never reaches a level of 10 per cent. 9. During the subatlantic transgression the Young Sphagnum peat has locally been washed away and was replaced by clay with many Phragmites rests. The author wishes to express his thanks to “It Fryske Gea”, the Frisian association for the protection of nature, president Mr. M. WIEGERSMA, Drachten, for the permission to take samples at “Het Princehof” and for the assistance to this work. He is also highly indebted to Dr. F. P. JONKER for his assistance and interest during the investigation and to Prof. Dr. C. E. B. BREMEKAMP for correcting the English text.

Description: The data on which this study is based, were gathered during a scientific expedition which lasted from September 1948 to May 1949. The author had accepted an invitation to join Prof. J. LANJOUW who on this expedition was entrusted with the botanical part of the investigations. They worked in close contact with the other staff members, the zoologists Dr D. C. GEIJSKES and P. H. CREUTZBERG, and the geo-morphologists Prof. J. P. BAKKER and Dr A. BEOUWER. Especially the cooperation with the latter group proved to be of prime importance for the study of the vegetation. For more general Information with regard to the aims and scope of this expedition the reader is referred to the preliminary report (26).

Description: The list of Araceae published in 1906 by A. A. PULLE in his “Enumeration of the Vascular Plants known from Surinam” comprises 39 species belonging to 14 genera, the largest genera being Anthurium with 7 species and Philodendron with 12 species. It was found that one of these 39 species was included by mistake, for the specimen Wullschlaegel n. 1764, which is the type of Spathiphyllum blandum Schott, was erroneously assumed to have been collected in Suriname. Already in 1908 TRESLING had collected a species that was not listed by PULLE, viz. Dieffenbachia picta (Lodd.) Schott.

Description: In deze publicatie is een deel der Amerikaanse Podostemaceae van de onderfamilie Podostemoideae opgenomen nl. de nauw verwante geslachten Apinagia, Marathrum, Rhyncholacis, Wettsteiniola, Lophogyne, Monostylis, Jenmaniella en het nieuwe geslacht Macarenia. Nagegaan wordt waarom deze geslachten verwant zijn. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat de geslachten Apinagia en Oenone, zoals die beschreven werden door Tulasne in 1852, niet als twee afzonderlijke geslachten gehandhaafd kunnen blijven. De indeling van de onderfamilie Podostemoideae, zoals Engler die in 1930 gaf, is gewijzigd in die zin dat de subtribus Mourerinae tot tribus is verheven en de subtribus Apinagiinae en Marathrinae met de tribus Eupodostemeae tot één tribus Eupodostemeae verenigd zijn. In het beschrijvende deel zijn de beschrijvingen van de soorten opgenomen met gegevens over type, verspreiding en vindplaatsen. Tabellen ter determinatie van de soorten zijn opgenomen. 1 Nieuw geslacht, 30 nieuwe soorten, 8 variëteiten en 2 vormen zijn beschreven. Aan deze beschrijvingen zijn de Latijnse beschrijvingen toegevoegd terwijl 16 pagina’s afbeeldingen van de nieuwe soorten en van enige oudere soorten geven. Een literatuurlijst welke alleen de Amerikaanse en de algemene literatuur omvat maken een nadere studie van deze familie mogelijk op die gebieden die in deze publicatie niet behandeld zijn.

Description: The genus Callisthene is found in the Extra Amazonian part of the Brazilian mainland, particularly in the zone of the campos and in the adjacent parts of Bolivia. The genus comprises eight species, as defined in this paper. It shows its greatest diversity on the central plateau of the Brazilian state of Minas Geraes. Most of the species are typical trees of the campos of the interior Brazilian plateau, which is characterized by a climate with a severe dry season. The genus was first described by MARTIUS in 1824. He mentioned all important characters and placed it in the Vochysiaceae, a family which had been described only four years earlier by A. DE ST. HILAIRE (1820). It was named after Callisthenes (360—327 B.C.), the Greek naturalist and historian of Alexander the Great, relative and pupil of Aristotle. MARTIUS (l.c.) described 3 species, WARMING (1875 in the “Flora Brasiliensis”) 7, while BRIQUET (1919) added several others, only one of which — in the opinion of the present author — can stand after careful studies of the complete type material.

Description: Protium Bangii Swart n. sp. Arbor. Ramuli satis robusti teretes striati fuscescentes lenticellis ellipticis sparsis. Folia 2-juga circ. 15 cm longa ubique glabra juvenilia pilis nonnullis munita, petiolis semiteretibus basi subincrassatis 3,5 cm longis, interjugis teretibus supra carinatis 2 cm longis, petiolulis foliolorum lateralium semiteretibus subalatis 2—3 mm longis sed terminalibus teretibus carinatis 15 mm longis, foliolis elliptico-oblongis subovatis apicem versus valde angustatis 8 cm longis 3,75 cm latis lateralibus leviter asymmetricis basalibus in super brevioribus, omnibus apicem versus gradatim acuminatis, acumine attenuato 7,5 mm longo 5 mm lato, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, margine integro, pergamentaceis laevibus, nervis secundariis utrinque circ. 12 apicem versus prope marginem conjunctis, nervis primariis supra sulcatis infra cum sec. et tert. prominentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares pauciramosae floribus satis numerosis compositae, rhachibus teretibus sparse puberulis, pedunculis usque ad 9 cm longis, ramulis sec. ad 3 cm, tert. ad 0,5 cm longis. Pedicelli teretes 0,5—1 mm longi cum bracteis bracteolisque late triangularibus 0,5 mm longis calycibusque sparse puberuli. Flores 5-meri 3 mm longi. Calyx late cupuliformis circ. 1 mm alta, lobis triangularibus obtusis tubo aequilongis. Petala oblongo-ovata inflexo-apiculata glabra. Stamina 10, filamentis subulatis 2 mm longis, antheris oblongis 0,5 mm longis. Discus annularis 10-lobis 0,5 mm altus glaber. Pistillum glabrum 1,5 mm altum basi disco cinctum ex ovario ovoideo circ. 1 mm alto, stylo brevissimo et stigmate 5-lobo compositum. Typus: Bang 2370 in U.S. Nat. Herb. 1380537. Distributio: Bolivia, dept. La Paz, flum. Yungas, Coroico, Bang 2370 (Aug. 1894, flor.).

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert has finished his work on the Labiatae of Java. Dr R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., Leyden, continued his work on Malaysian Rubiaceae and finished the genera Bikkia, Lerchea, Argostemma, Steenisia; he stated with the genus Ophiorrhiza.

Description: Blume, C. L, Bijdragen tot de kennis van de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Reprint of part 4 ( 1850). Dr M. A. DONK draws attention to the fact that part 4 of BLUME’ s Bijdragen was reprinted in 1850, at Batavia. The printers were VAN LANGE & Co, not the Landsdrukkerij this time. A copy of this second edition is in the Bibliotheca at Bogor. The letterprint is different from that of the original and the paper is of inferior quality. The numbering of the pages is kept as much as possible in agreement with the original edition. At Bogor there is an other copy of the Bijdragen in which part 4 is in MS,; this indicates that at some time no stock was available of the original edition.

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert was on short leave in Holland, Nov. 1951-April 1952; during Dr Donk’s leave he has been appointed acting Keeper of the Herbarium Bogoriense. Mr E.G. Browne assumed duty as Head of the Sarawak Forest Department, Jan. 1951.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. & F.A. Verduyn Lunel: Kweekproeven met Intsia palembanica Miq. en Intsia bijuga O.K. (Tec-Tona 40, 1950, 336-345, 5 fig.). Data on germination and seedlings.

Description: In addition to W.H. Brown’s works Dr Quisumbing has completed our knowledge of useful Philippine plants by the compilation of a big volume which contains a mine of information of over 1000 different species. Preceded by an introduction, the systematic sequence is adopted for families, genera and species. Each species is provided with a list of its synonyms, local names, a popular description, and a digestion of its phytochemical and medicinal literature. There is an appendix on miscellaneous economic algae, one on edible and poisonous fungi, one on Philippine plants reported to cause hayfever or asthma, some fungi causing skin disease, a list of cyanophoric plants, a bibliography of 630 articles and books, and several indices. This book is of great use to all students of Malaysian botany. Dr Quisumbing who wrote it mostly before the war is to be congratulated with its excellent production.

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert arrived in Holland on short leave November 10, 1951. Prof. Dr K.B. Boedijn, of the Agricultural Faculty at Bogor, Java, was on leave in Holland in 1951. He returned to Bogor November 1951.

Description: In the following the abbreviation B.Z. means ’Binnenlandsche Zaken’ or ’Ministry for the Interior’; all records referred to are preserved in the National Archives (’Rijksarchief’) at The Hague. By Royal Decree of Febr. 10, 1839, no. 101 (cf. B.Z., 5th Div., Febr. 18th, 1839, no 132) it was decided to publish a printed work at the expense of the Government. The issue was to consist of 250 copies and each of the planned 3 volumes were to contain c. 400 pp., 60 (coloured) plates and quarterly instalments were to be published. The costs were to be deducted from the funds granted to the ’Natuurkundige Commissie’ (Board for the Naturel Sciences) who had explored in the Dutch East Indies since the withdrawal of the English (1816). The work should embody the scientific results of the ’Commissie.’

Description: The death of Cyril Tenison White, Government Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland, occurred on August 16, 1950.; The news came suddenly and hit hard; we lost one of the kindest and gentlest of men and, besides, the greatest living authority on the Papuan and Melanesian flora. Mr White had been seriously ill, two years ago, but seemed to have recovered. His heart remained weak, however, and though he seemed in good health, he had to desist from mountain climbing.

Description: A short account of the establishment of the Herbarium of the Department of Forests, Papua and New Guinea appeared on p. 61, no 3, volume I of Flora Malesiana Bulletin. This Herbarium has now been firmly established and is constantly receiving collections of plants from various parts of Papua and New Guinea. As a routine measure these are being distributed to the following herbaria: The Queensland State Herbarium at Brisbane, Queensland; The Herbarium of the Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra; The Arnold Arboretum, America; The Herbarium at Kew, England; The Herbarium at Leiden, Holland; The Herbarium at Bogor, Indonesia; The Herbarium at Singapore, Malay States; The Herbarium of the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, England. Duplicates of Coniferae are also sent to M.Y. Orr at Edinburgh, Scotland and to E. Stirling Booth at Adelaide, South Australia.

Description: Koorders, Fl. v. Tjibodas 2 (1923) 32—46; Hochreutiner in Candollea 2 (1924—1926) 336—359; Ochse, Indische Groenten (1931) 719—722; Backer, Onkruidfl. Java Suiker (1930) 203—209; Aimshoff in Blumea 5 (1942—1945) 515—517. Miss Dr G. J. Amshoff started the revision of the Javanese Urticaceae, but left the definitive preparation to me. Urtica dioica L. and U. urens L. have been erroneously recorded for Java (Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 1², 1859, 227; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Java 2, 1912, 126). To my knowledge no specimens were ever collected there nor elsewhere in the Malay Archipelago.

Description: Little attention has been paid till now to the algae, transported to the Netherlands coast on drifting objects. About a century ago T. D. Vrijdag Zijnen and G. Bisschop (near Scheveningen, ± 1845), and L. H. Buse (between Wijk aan Zee and Zandvoort, ± 1840—1847) were the first to pay attention to this subject. The material collected, especially that by the first two investigators, is mentioned in the Prodromus Fl. Bat. (1853). The book of Van Goor (1923) contains a chapter on these algae, in which, however, only few new observations occur. The author is much indebted to Dr Josephine Th. Koster for her kind help, as well as to Dr S. J. v. Ooststroom. The material, collected by Vrijdag Zijnen, Bisschop and Buse is almost completely present in the collections of the ‘Rijksherbarium’ and the ‘Koninklijke Ncderlandse Botanische Vereniging’, Leiden. The material, collected during the last few years has for the greater part been brought together by the present author, and furthermore especially by K. Swennen (Den Helder), J. Stock (Amsterdam), A. Mulder (Haarlem) and P. Leenhouts (Scheveningen). This material belongs to the collection of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, but most of it is, for the time being, put under the charge of the “Comité ter Bestudering van de Nederlandse Mariene Flora en Fauna” (“Committee on the Netherlands’ Marine Flora and Fauna”) and temporarily preserved in “Het Filiaal”, Leiden.

Description: During the long years I was engaged in writing my “Mikrographie” (1), my main purpose was to give a survey of the wood-anatomy of as many representatives of the javanesc wood flora as I could lay hands on, in connection with Koorders’ and Valeton’s “Bijdragen” (2). My attention being almost exclusively absorbed by the descriptive side of my task, little attention was paid to eventual conclusions regarding family relationships, though some were incidentally pointed out. When this work of long years was completed, the need of a key for the identification of wood samples was felt. This I composed and completed just before the war. It was published in 1940 and written in German (3), as was the main work on which it was based. Immediately an English translation was prepared but though this was ready for the press as early as 1942, I was prevented from publishing it, at first because of the German occupation and later on for want of funds.

Description: Frutex volubilis ramulis teretibus, costatis, glabris, inferne nudis cicatricosis, superne dense foliosis, 4—5 mm crassis. Folia chartacea, alterna (internodiis 2—3 mm longis), brevissime petiolata, lanceolata, apice acuta mucronulataque, basi cuneata, margine integerrima vel subdentata, utrinque glaberrima, subtus nervo mediano prominenti, venis secundariis argute reticularis; petiolo 2—5 mm longo, lamina 7—10 cm longa, 2—2.5 cm lata. Capitula discoidea, multa, in apice ramulorum densissime corymbosa; pedicellis glabris, ca. 5 mm longis. Involucrum turbinatum, 12—15 mm longum, 5 mm crassum; bracteis papyraceis, glaberrimis, ca. 15, externis ovatis, acutis, margine subciliatis, 3—5 mm longis, 2—2.3 mm latis; internis lanceolatis, acutis, usque 15 mm longis, 1.8 mm latis. Receptaculum convexum. Flores 5, isomorphi, hermaphroditi, corolla tubulosa 10 mm longa, superne Pentalobata; lobulis lanceolatis ca. 4 mm longis. Achaenia (valde inmatura), leviter compressa, minute glandulosa. Pappus biseriatus, ochraceus.

Description: After the senior writer, together with W. W. Varossieau, had published a revision of this monogeneric family (Blumea III, 1938—’39 and IV, 1941), some more material has been examined by us and, moreover, some new species have been described. Thanks to the courtesy of Prof. F. Gagnepain of Paris, and the Director of the Musee d’Histoire Naturelle, Phanérogamic, we had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of Gagnepain's new species from Indo-China, All with all we felt that a new key and a brief enumeration of the species with the main literature, their synonyms and distribution, might be useful. SARCOSPERMATACEAE H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. III, 7, 1925, 248; Blumea III, 1, 1938, 184.

Description: Teucrium vesicarium Mill.; Epling, Syn. S. Amer. Lab. in Fedde, Repert., Beih. 85 (1935—1937) 3. Hab.: im Wald um Santa Cruz, 450 m alt., Jan. 1911, n. 1334.

Description: In addition to my papers on the genus Argyreia in Malaysia I can here give a few descriptions of new species, mainly from Sumatra and Borneo, and some critical notes on others. A revision of the species of Malaysia as a whole, including those of the Malay Peninsula and the Philippine Islands will be published in the near future in Flora Malesiana.

Description: En Zélande, province des Pays-Bas, l’on trouve différentes stations où croissent des algues marines. Ce sont: 1. Les digues, 2. Les canaux d’eau de mer, 3. Les parcs à huîtres, 4. Les slikkes et les schorres. La Zélande comprend une bande continentale et deux séries d’îles. Comparé aux autres provinces des Pays-Bas, le climat est assez tempéré. La température moyenne à Flessingue (Vlissingen) est de 3°C en janvier, le mois le plus froid, et de 18°C durant les mois les plus chauds, juillet et août. La température moyenne de l’eau de mer en surface est de 1— 3°C en janvier et de 19°C en juillet et août.

Description: Tn the Malaysian area proper this small genus is represented by one species only (G. floribunda), but it seemed preferable to extend this work to a revision of the whole genus. The species of this genus are not easily distinguishable when sterile and the identification of such specimens is all too often made on geographical evidence.

Description: It is a pleasant duty to announce a work to which all students of the Malaysian Flora, and I am sure, many others, have been looking forward for some time; the first issue of, it is hoped, a very long and continuous series which will ultimately lead to a complete flora of the Malaysian region, including British Malaya, the Philippines and New Guinea which, floristically speaking, forms a natural unit. The work, written in English under the auspices of the Royal Botanic Garden, Buitenzorg (now Bogor), Java, is the result of the painstaking efforts of its Editor-in-Chief, the well-known Buitenzorg botanist, Dr C. G. G. J. van Steenis. Generously supported by his wife in many respects, he has, and under the most difficult circumstances, indefatigably fought to get this extensive project started. Not ony he, but the Indonesian Government as well, are to be congratulated on the result of their efforts. It deserves our sincere and warm appreciation that the Government of this young country has understood its responsibilities and is backing the work with considerable interest, both morally and financially.

Description: Premna brongersmai, nov. spec. — Frutex? Ramuli teretes conspicue subdistanter lenticellati 0.3—0.5 cm crassi, internodia in specimine 7—11 cm longa. Folia coriacea subrigida, decussatim opposita glaberrima petiolata, ovata vel oblongo-ovata vel subovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi plus minusve late rotundata, marginibus integra, apice abrupte vel subabrupte peracute acuminata, latiora 8.5—11 X 4.7—5.7 cm, angustiora (in eodem specimine, ut apparet) 12—14.5 X 4—4.5 cm ; nervi haud prominentes, costa media subtus prominente excepta; nervi secundarii graciles utrimque 5—7, curvati, margines versus diminuti haud confluentes, tertiarii pertenues subdistanter transversi, reticulatione minutissima areolata; petioli e basi incrassata 1— 1.7 cm longi tenues. Inflorescentiae paniculatae terminales, partiales inferiores ex axillis foliorum parvorum, superiores ex axillis bractearum subulatarum 0.3—0.1 cm longarum ortae, totae 12—17 cm longae, 17—29 cm latae, partiales medianae longiores, e pedunculo gracili 10—14 cm longae, pseudodichotomice late divaricatae, ramificationes ultimae dichasiales minute pubescentes. Flores parvi tetrameri subsessiles, alabastris pyriformibus, glabris; calyx glaber cupularis subbilabiatus, c. 0.25 cm altus, labio inferiore acute integro vel leviter acuto-bidentato, superiore 2 lobis majoribus acutis suffulto, calyx intus praecipue dimidio superiore multis glandulis in sicco opacis munitus; corolla in regione staminum insertionis tantum intus pilosa, cetera glabra, 0.4—0.45 cm alta, tubo subcylindrico 0.3—0.35 cm longo, limbo aestivatione cochleata subbilabiato, labio inferiore trilobo (lobo medio in alabastro ceteros tegente, 0.15 cm longo, rotundato, lateralibus 0.1 cm longis, subtruncatis), superiore integro 0.1 cm longo subtruncato, in alabastro omnino tecto; regio pilosa sub labio superiore paulo infirmior; stamina alternipetala in regione pilosa aequa altitudine inserta, subdidynamia, filamentis sub labio superiore paulo brevioribus in alabastro sigmoideo-sinuatis 0.2 cm longis, sub labio inferiore 0.25 cm longis, omnibus vittatis apice abrupte contractis filiformibus; antherae 0.05 X 0.1 cm, subreniformes, thecae poris ovatis dehiscentes; ovarium globosum glabrum 0.15 cm altum 4-loculatum, loculis uniovulatis; ovula longa apotropa medio affixa; stylus filiformis 0.25 cm longus, stigma bilobum, lobis acutis piano mediano patentibus. Fructus ignoti. Shrub? Branchlets (all?) apparently long and drooping, 0.3—0.5 cm in diam.. Leaves decussate, entirely glabrous, ovate to ovate-oblong, base more or less broadly rounded, apex more or less abruptly and very acutely acuminate, margins entire, 8.5—14.5 X 4—5.7 cm, nerves not prominent except midrib below, secondary ones 5—7, curved, reticulation minutely areolate between the almost inconspicuous transverse tertiary ones; petioles 1—1.7 cm long, incrassate at base. Inflorescences widely paniculate, terminal, 12—17 cm long, 17—29 cm broad, the lower partial panicles in the axils of ever smaller leaves, the upper ones in those of subulate bracts; ultimate ramifications dichasial, minutely pubescent. Flowers subsessile, 4-merous, glabrous but for a hair ring inside at the insertion of the filaments. Calyx cupular, more or less bilabiate, 0.25 cm high, lower lip entire or shallowly acutely bidentate, upper one with two larger acute teeth, inside with dispersed dark glands: corolla tube suibcylindrical 0.3—0.35 cm long, aestivation cochleate, slightly 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, midlobe rounded and 0.15 cm long, lateral ones subtruncate and 0.1 cm long; upper lip entire, 0.1 cm long, subtruncate. Stamens 4, subdidynamous, those below upper lip with slightly shorter filaments; filaments ribbon-shaped, 0.2 and 0.25 cm long respectively, subabruptly narrowed below the anther and ending into a very thin apex; anthers kidney-shaped, 0.05 X 0.1 cm, with two ovate pores; ovary globose, glabrous, 0.15 cm high, 4-celled, cells uniovulate, ovules long, apotropous, attached in the middle of the cell; style filiform, 0.25 cm long, stigma with two acute lobes spreading medianly. Fruits unknown.

Description: The present paper, which gives some additions to H. J. Lam, The Burseraceae of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula (Bull. Jard. hot. Buitenzorg, S. 3, vol. 12, 1932, p. 420), is based on material, belonging to the herbaria of Leiden and Bogor. The genus is restricted to the following 2 Malaysian species, one of which is new to science.

Description: In January 1949 Professor H. J. Lam, director of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, on his way to the 7th Pacific Science Congress in New Zealand, spending some time in Fiji, was shown by Mr B. E. V. Parham, Department of Agriculture, Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, a slender tree, cultivated in the Agricultural Experimental Garden Naduruloulou. The tree was unidentified and of unknown origin. Some flowering material was collected and at our request Mr Parham was good enough to send some ripe fruits in liquid for an investigation I was entrusted with. Additional material was studied from the herbaria at Brisbane, Kew, Leiden, Melbourne and Paris. It is my pleasant duty to tender my best thanks to the directors of these institutes for the loan of this valuable material, among which the type.

Description: Casearia amplectens Sleum. sp. nov. — Arbuscula 1.5 m alta; ramulornm apicibus dense breviter flavido-pilosis, partibus vetustioribus cito glabratis corticeque cinerascenti obtectis. Folia elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, apicem versus breviter (1—2 cm) subcaudato-acuminata, apice ipso paullo falcato obtusa, basi late cuneata fere rotundata, inferiora usque ad 2 mm longe petiolata, superiora subsessilia, membranacea, arcte pellucido-punctata et -lineata, petiolo, costa nervisque subtus brevissime pilosulis exceptis glabra, in sicco brunnescentia, utrinque opaca, regulariter crenato-serrata (dentibus obtusiusculis glandula terminatis 1 mm altis et c. 3—6 mm distantibus), 9—15 cm longa, 4—4.5 cm lata, costa utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 6—8 curvato-ascendentibus praeter marginem excurrentibus supra subimpressis, subtus elevatis, venis supra obscuris, subtus parum conspicuis. Stipulae reniformes fere amplectentes, membranaceae, 4—6 mm altae, 6—8 mm latae, persistentes. Flores pro axilla. 1—2 fere sessiles, in statu nondum plane evoluto tantum visi; bracteae paucae membranaceae glabrae 1—2 mm longae. Calyx tubulosus, carnosulus, c. 3 mm longus, extus fulvo-sericeus, intus glaber, lobis oblongis c. 1 mm longis. Stamina 10, alte ad faucem inserta; filamenta glabra, medio dilatata, alternatim 0.6 et 0.3 mm longa. Staminodia rudimentaria parum pilosa. Ovarium columnare, glabrum, c. 3 mm longum, 1 mm crassum. Fructus carnosus, ruber, 1.5—2 cm longus, 1 cm diam., trivalvis, basi calycis lobis accrescentibus 4 mm longis et 1.5 mm latis fultus, 2 mm longe pedunculatus. NEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea, 4 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg Riv., rain-forest undergrowth, 850 m: L. J. Brass 13470 (A; L, typus), fl. fr. March 1939.

Description: A recent collecting trip extended the region to which these Studies originally referred in such a way that it seemed wise to change the original title, so that not only the arid area off the North coast of South America was indicated as the field of study. Although as yet these Studies are principally based on material collected by the editor on his three trips to the Caribbean, this volume proves that results obtained from material of different origin will be incorporated.

Description: Dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck entrusted me with the identification of the mosquitoes he collected during his trips to the West Indies in 1936—1937 and 1948—1949. Although dr Hummelinck told me that it was not his intention to catch representative material, the present collection is of particular hygienic and biological interest as some mosquitoes were found on islands from which they had not been reported before. This paper deals with 16 species: Wyeomyia celaenocephala — Curaçao, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis — Margarita, Curaçao, Aruba, Anopheles albimanus — St. Martin, Aëdes taeniorhynchus — Curaçao, Saba, Dog Island, Aëdes aegypti — Curaçao, Aruba, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin, Haemagogus anastasionis — Curaçao, Aruba, Psorophora confinnis — Bonaire, Curaçao, Psorophora pygmaea — St. Martin, Deinocerites cancer — St. Martin, Culex erraticus — Curaçao, Culex americanus — St. Eustatius, St. Martin, Culex bahamensis — St. Eustatius, St. Barthélemy, St. Martin, Culex maracayensis — Curaçao, Culex chrysonotum — Suriname at Zanderij, Culex coronator — Venezuela near La Guaira, Culex nigripalpus — Bahamas, on South Bimini, and Culex quinquefasciatus — Bonaire, Curaçao, Aruba, St. Eustatius, St. Martin.

Description: Among the material brought together in the West Indies by Dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck there are some coral colonies of the genus Tubastraea that are interesting from various points of view, in the first place because this genus of Madreporaria has but recently become known to occur in the West Indies. Vaughan & Wells (1943, p. 239) note as range of distribution of the genus Panamá, Indo-Pacific, Gulf of Guinea, and the West Indies. As I did not succeed in finding data in the previous literature on the occurrence of Tubastraea in the West Indian area, I wrote to Dr J. W. Wells, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, who kindly informed me that the statement given above was based on otherwise unpublished recent finds of material from off Puerto Rico, whilst later a specimen was received from Curaçao. Moreover, the genus is mentioned in the Taxonomic Key to Genera of Living Western Atlantic Corals in Smith (1948, p. 108). Vaughan & Wells (l. c., pp. 238/239) define the genus Tubastraea with the following characters: “Like Endopsammia, but producing small subplocoid clumps by extratentacular budding from the edge-zone, polyps remaining organically united and with corallites united by some coenenchyme and feeble costae. Columella feeble, but occasionally well developed.” As the authors refer to the genus Endopsammia, the characters of the latter genus also may be cited here (l. c., p. 238): “Simple, subcylindrical, nonepithecate, fixed by broad base. Wall thin, costate. Septa thin, arranged according to Pourtalès plan only in early stages, later appearing normal. Columella small and spongy or scarcely developed.”

Description: In the East of Holland, in the Province of Overijssel, there is a region that, from the point of view of landscape, is one of the most beautiful and the most interesting we know in this country: Twente. Already in glancing through this publication it will be clear that this region played an important part in our research. Apart from the fact that our personal predilection for Twente undoubtedly was of some influence, this choice was equally directed by the geological wealth of that region coupled to the fact that here, as a consequence of numerous recent excavations, the deposits were excellently exposed. Of course, our research equally extended over other provinces but, whereas there a stress was laid on pollenanalytical research, geological research was less intensive than — for the reasons explained above — in Twente. Finally the research carried out near Usselo together with that carried out in S.W. Noord-Brabant, yielded together the solution for the dating of part of the coversands.

Description: H. Buttgenbach beschrieb im Jahre 1947 eine neues, H2O-haltiges Zinnmineral aus dem Belgisch-Kongo unter dem Namen „Varlamoffit”. In den Arbeiten von N. Varlamoff (1948a, 1948b, 1949) findet man Angaben über das Vorkommen und die paragenetischen Verhältnisse. H. Buttgenbach (1950) stellt fest, dass der von R. Herzenberg (1946) beschriebene Souxit vermutlich mit Varlamoffit identisch sei; da aber letzterer genauer beschrieben und untersucht ist, schlägt er vor, das Mineral weiterhin Varlamoffit zu nennen. S. Gastellier (1950) gibt die Resultate chemiseher Untersuchungen bekannt und A. Russell und E. A. Vincent (1952) schliesslich publizierten röntgenographische Untersuchungen und stellten fest, dass Varlamoffit auch in den Zinnerzgängen von Cornwall (England) vorkommt. Bevor wir zu den Resultaten unserer eigenen Untersuchungen übergehen wollen, sei im Nachstehenden eine kurze Uebersicht über die in den genannten Publikationen mitgeteilten Befunde gegeben.

Description: The X-ray powder method for determining minerals has been applied to the important rock-forming mineral group of the pyroxenes in this thesis. The purpose of the investigation was to seek the relationship between the variations of the intensities and positions of the reflections in the powder diagram and the variations in optical properties and chemical composition. For that purpose a number of pyroxenes from different localities were investigated optically, chemically and röntgenographically. The orthopyroxenes. — The optical examination of the orthopyroxenes indicates, that the variation of the optical properties is related to the chemical composition (see Table 1). A difference between plutonic and volcanic orthopyroxenes lies in the size of the optic axial angle 2 V; this appears to be smaller with volcanic orthopyroxenes between En80 and En15 than with plutonic orthopyroxenes (see fig. 5). Further a lamellar structure can be observed in the plutonic orthopyroxenes (see figs. 2 and 3) while the volcanics do not have these lamellae but often show zoning (see fig. 1). It is seen from chemical investigation of the orthopyroxenes that both the plutonic and volcanic orthopyroxenes show about the same variation in Al- and Ca-atomic proportions (see Table 3). It is quite possible that a part of the Ca content of the plutonic orthopyroxenes is present in exsolved diopside lamellae according to the hypothesis of Hess and Philips (1938). The orthopyroxenes can be distinguished from the clinopyroxenes by X-ray powder diagrams on the ground of their characteristic reflection pattern. These powder diagrams are made by means of a camera with a diameter of 9 centimeters and FeK\u03b11 radiation (\u03bb = 1.93597 Å). All powder diagrams of the orthopyroxenes are classed as one group (Group A, see fig. 6). The variation in the relative distance between the reflections 10 31 and 0 6 0 appears to be connected with the chemical composition. These distances are measured very accurately in millimeters by means of a Cambridge Universal Measuring Machine and plotted against the chemical composition in fig. 8. Through the influence of Al and Ca, the Mg content cannot be determined unequivocally from this diagram. Therefore also X-ray powder photographs are made of a mixture of 70 % orthopyroxene and 30 % quartz (see fig. 9). The relative distance between quartz reflection 2 1 3 1 and pyroxene reflection 0 6 0 in millimeters and the distance between quartz reflection (2 0 2 3) (3 0 3 1) and pyroxene reflection 11 3 1 in millimeters depend on the chemical composition which can be seen in figs. 10 and 11, respectively. In fig. 10 two curves are shown, one for orthopyroxenes with an atomic proportion of Al of about 0.010 and one for those with an atomic proportion of Al of about 0.050 in BVI position. In fig. 11 two curves can be seen which are related to orthopyroxenes with an atomic proportion of Ca of about 0.020 and those with an atomic proportion of Ca of about 0.060. One may determine the chemical composition of an orthopyroxene from these three diagrams (figs. 8, 10 and 11). For that purpose one should measure three relative distances. In each diagram one can find two values for the Mg content. From these, a total of six values, three will lie close to each other; the average of these three values indicates the Mg content. With this Mg content one can determine the Al and Ca contents in the diagrams. This röntgenographic method meets with difficulties when there do not occur certain proportions of Al and Ca in the orthopyroxene. Then there may be present two groups of three Mg's which lie close together (see Table 9). In such cases of doubt one must use the optical method to determine the Mg content. By substitution of Fe for Mg, Nz changes strongly, the unit cell dimensions do not, however, and neither do the relative distances. The Al and Ca contents then may be determined by the röntgenographic method. By substitution of Al and Ca for Mg, the unit cell dimensions change strongly and with them the relative distances between the reflections, which are very sensitive. The variation in the relative distance between the reflections mentioned has been explained by means of a crystal model of enstatite (see figs. 12 and 13). This variation results from the substitution of Fe, Al and Ca for Mg and of Al for Si. The substitution of Fe for Mg increases the unit cell dimensions only slightly so that the shape of the unit cell also changes little. The substitution of Ca for Mg has a great influence on the a- and the c dimension, which both become much greater. The substitution of Al for Mg and of Al for Si strongly decreases the b dimension. These changes in the unit cell occur because all substituting ions have a different ionic radius from Mg and moreover because in the structure of enstatite two kinds of Mg ions occur with altogether different positions and which are linked with the tetrahedra in very different ways. Since the relative distance in millimeters between certain reflections depends on the camera and radiation used, in Tables 7a, 7b and 7c these distances are stated for a few types of camera and radiation. In addition the differences between the lattice spacings of these reflections are given in Ångström units. The clinopyroxenes. — In this thesis the optical investigation on clinopyroxenes consists of a description of the specimens, both macroscopieally and microscopically and a determination of 2 V and Z \u039b c. For a few clinopyroxenes the values of Nz and Nx have also been determined. The described clinopyroxenes are subdivided in a number of groups; this classification is based upon the chemical composition (see p. 224). It turned out that the optical properties of the röntgenographically investigated clinopyroxenes do not differ much from the data mentioned in the literature about this group of minerals (see fig. 20 and Table 10). The chemical investigation is restricted to the analysis of a few clinopyroxenes; the results are stated in Table 11. On the basis of difference in position and intensity of certain reflections in the X-ray powder diagrams a classification in four groups has been established for the clinopyroxenes. Group B 1 (figs. 21 and 23) The group includes, hedenbergite, diopside, augite and diallage. Group B 2 (figs. 21 and 23) Pigeonite belongs to this group. Group B 3 (figs. 21 and 22) This group includes, aegirite and jadeite. Group B 4 (figs. 21 and 22) Spodumene belongs to this group. No sharp limits can be drawn between these groups and transitions may exist between some of these groups, as between groups B 1 and B 2 and also between groups B 1 and B 3. Through lack of clinoenstatite and ferrosilite samples we could not check whether any more groups may be distinguished. Of each of these groups the principal features are discussed on p. 245. Each group has its own characteristic reflection pattern; the similarity between these patterns, however, is great enough to conclude that all the investigated clinopyroxenes have a similar structure. The grouping of the X-ray powder diagrams agrees in the main with the classification of the pyroxenes according to the chemical composition. The chemical composition of the different clinopyroxenes of the groups B 1 and B 2 may be determined by a combined optical and röntgenographic investigation. This combination is necessary because the substitution of Fe for Mg has practically no influence on the dimensions of the unit cell, but it does have on the refractive indices. On the other hand the substitution of Ca for Mg strongly influences the shape of the unit cell. For the different clinopyroxenes of groups B1 and B 2 the variation of the relative distance in millimeters between the reflections 2 2 0 and 2 2 1, the reflections 2 2 1 and 3 1 0 and the reflections 1 3 1 and 2 2 1 is plotted against the chemical composition in figs. 25 and 26. From these diagrams one may determine the chemical composition by measuring the relative distances mentioned, on the X-ray powder diagrams. In figs. 27, 28 and 29 the relation between the chemical composition and the difference between the lattice spacings of the reflections in question in Å can be seen. Further Tables 16a, 16b and 16c indicate the distances between these reflections for a few types of camera and radiation. The X-ray powder diagrams of the alkali pyroxenes can be distinguished from those of the other pyroxenes, while they also show great mutual differences. It may be noted, however, that transitions between these pyroxenes always are possible. The powder diagram of spodumene has its own character, so that this pyroxene can be distinguished very simply from the other pyroxenes by the röntgenographic method. The X-ray investigation on clinopyroxenes is not yet completed, because much can still be done, for instance in the jadeite-diopside-aegirite field.

Description: The present paper deals with a small collection of Neogene fossils which has been made by the geologist Dr. M. Schmidt in the Sangkoelirang area 1), East Borneo. The locality is defined in Gerth’s (1923) and Krijnen’s papers (1931, loc. no. 175, p. 535). It must be stated here that this locality has been mentioned incorrectly in literature, viz., as “Hill near Sekoerau” instead of “Coral limestone, Hill near Sekoerau”. Dr. Schmidt’s collection, which was sold to the Leyden Geological Museum in 1920 — about twenty years after being made — contains two different faunas from Sekoerau: vide infra.

Description: While studying the parasitic copepods of the Dutch Waddensea, at the Zoological Station Den Helder, I came across a species of Bomolochus from the gills of the Black Sole, Solea solea (L.). Except for the second leg, the various appendages resembled those of B. soleae CLAUS, as figured by TH. & A. SCOTT in their Ray Society Monograph (1912—13). According to them, the endopod of the second leg has narrow joints, like the exopod. They stated that the second and third leg have about the same structure. In my material, however, the endopod of the second leg has widened joints; second and third legs have, therefore, quite a different aspect. Of TH. and A. SCOTT’S material, 2 samples remained**) in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), Londen. The specimens proved to be quite distinct from the Dutch ones, differing not only in the structure of the second leg, but also in several other, less striking, characters.

Description: Compared with their New World relatives of the subfamily Cyprinodontinae, the Old World Cyprinodonts are but little known. However, some interesting accounts on Turkish species, discovered by Kosswig, Sözer and Aksiray, have recently been published. Besides the species known, several new forms and species are described. While compiling an account on these fishes suitable for the home aquarium (Hoedeman & Bronner, 1950—1951), we felt some characters need reexamination, not only of Aphanius, but also of the North African genus Tellia which is said to differ from Aphanius only in the absence of ventral fins.

Description: Voorjaar 1949 ontving ik een kleine collectie levende vissen uit Suriname (Nederlands Guiana), door een zeeman verzameld in een poel nabij Paramaribo. Helaas is de juiste vindplaats niet nader aangegeven, dan enige kilometers ten zuiden van de hoofdstad. Onmiddellijk na ontvangst werden de vissen, die hier het onderwerp van bespreking zijn, in een groot gezelschapsaquarium (150 X 60 X 50 cm. hoog) ondergebracht, dat reeds werd bevolkt door verscheidene Nannostomini, Hasemania marginata, Rivulus cylindraceus, Acanthophthalmus kuhli, Dermogenus pusillus en Nannacara anomala en N. taenia.

Description: Le processus préoral est court. L’œil migrateur dépasse le bord antérieur de l’œil fixe de plus de la moitié de son propre diamètre. La narine exhalante zénithale est présente. La lèvre mandibulare zénithale est hypertrophiée en un petit nombre de larges processus nullement ciliés. Koμψòs, élégant; μεwiaμa, sourire.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer’s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces KÖCKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FRÖSCHEL’S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4. This survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following KÖCKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: Up till now the lower deposits of peat (in Dutch: veen-op-groterediepte = peat at greater depth) have been investigated in the Netherlands mainly in the Western part of the country, viz. in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Zeeland. The analyses have shown that the development of this, now comparatively well known peat layer must have begun either in the second half of the boreal period or else in the beginning of the atlantic one, and that it must have come to an end in the first half of the latter. Among the earlier investigators the botanist Mrs VERNEER-LOUMAN and some geologists had arrived at the conclusion that the sudden transgression of the North sea which made an end to the formation of peat, took place in the boreal period, and hat the whole lower deposit of peat, therefore, was of boreal age (lit. 7). This opinion, however, was sufficiently disproved by FLORSCHÜTZ, and all subsequent analyses have confirmed the view that the peat formation must have stopped early in the atlantic period (lit. 2, 3, 4). The same conclusion was arrived at by GODWIN as a result of his investigations of the lower peat found in SE England (lit. 5, 6) and by several German investigators as a result of their analyses of the lower peat, found in NW Germany. Only one analyses of the lower peat in the province of Friesland, in the Northern part of the Netherlands, has sofar been published. The geologist VAN ANDEL found near Kiesterzijl, at a depth of only 3.50 m a thin layer of peat. He identified it with the lower peat from the W part of the Netherlands which occurs several meters deeper. His two diagrams show a boreal age for the basal layers and an atlantic age for the top ones and they confirm therefore the conclusions,obtained in the W part of the country (lit. 1).

Description: Trigonia coppenamensis nov. spec. Liana; ramulis ferrugineotomentosis; petiolis 1.2—2.2 cm longis, tomentosis; laminis subcoriaceis, ellipticis vel obovato- vel oblongo-ellipticis, circiter 6—12 X 3—7 cm, apice acute-acuminatis, basi subrotundatis usque subcuneatis, supra tomentellis, subtus pilis flavescenticanescentibus tomentosis; nervis secundariis utroque 6—8 prope margine arcuato-adscendentibus; venis reticulatis, supra impressis; inflorescentiis terminalibus et axillaribus, rhachi ramisque dense ferrugineo-tomentosis; floribus in cymis plusminusve regularibus dispositis; pedunculis circiter 0.5 cm longis; pedicellis 0.3—0.5 cm longis; alabastro 0.3—0.5 cm longo; calicis lobis circiter 0.5 x 0.3 cm, obtuse rotundatis extus tomento cano-flavo indutae, intus glabris; petalis membranaceis, glabris, inaequalibus, petalo posteriore ad faucem sacculi ferrugineo-piloso; staminis fertilibus 6, filamentis fere usque ad apicem connatis; antheris 0.1 cm longis, apice subacutis; glandulis 2 vel 3 rotundatis vel irregulariter lobatis, ovario dense tomentoso; stylo glabro, stigmate albo, 0.1 cm diametro. Type; Maguire 24857, Suriname, Coppename R. Headwaters Schmidt Mt. km 10 in mixed wallaba forest. fl. Sept., in Utrecht herbarium (U.).

Description: De moeilijkheden, die optreden bij het determineren van de Nederlandse vertegenwoordigers van het genus Centaunum (= Erythraea), waren voor mij aanleiding het Nederlandse materiaal eens aan een revisie te onderwerpen. De Franse flora’s b.v. vermelden een aantal soorten, waarvan het voorkomen in Nederland niet onmogelijk is (lit. 1, 2, 9). De bewerkingen van het Britse materiaal door WHELDON and SALMON in 1925 (lit. 15) en door GILMOUR in 1937 (lit. 4) wezen uit, dat ook in Engeland tal van soorten en variëteiten voorkomen, die voor Nederland onbekend zijn. Tenslotte verscheen in 1940 een bewerking van het Scandinavische materiaal van C. vulgare door STERNER (lit. 12), waarbij eveneens tal van vormen voor de dag kwamen en ook een voor Nederland onbekende soort. De Zweed WITTROCK heeft zich het meest intensief met het genus bezig gehouden. Hij gaf een aantal exsiccaten uit onder de naam „Erythraeae exsiccatae” en was van plan een monografie van het genus te publiceren. Dit laatste is door zijn dood in 1914 verhinderd, zodat we van zijn resultaten niets anders weten dan het gepubliceerde in enkele referaten (lit. 16) en de niet geldig gepubliceerde manuscriptnamen van de exsiccatae. WITTROCK’s exsiccaten zijn in de Nederlandse herbaria niet aanwezig.

Description: The genus Qualea is found in tropical South America, particularly in the Hylaea and in the Extra Amazonian part of the Brazilian mainland (see fig. 3); it comprises 59 species as defined in this paper. Many species are forest trees occurring in the Amazonian basin, a number are found in the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forests, whereas other species are typical trees of the campos of the interior plateau. The genus was first described by AUBLET in 1775; its name is a latinization of the vernacular name “Qualé” used by the “Caribbean” inhabitants of French Guiana. AUBLET described O. rosea (type species) and Q. coerulea; the first exhaustive and morphologically correct description was given by A. DE ST. HILAIRE (1820) who placed the genus in his newly established family of the Vochysiaceae.

Description: March 1951 Dr J.C. Koningsberger, Director of the Botanic Gardens, Bogor, 1910 – 1918, died at The Hague, aged 84. Dr J. Mattfeld, well-known to Malaysian botanists by his excellent work on Papuan Compositae, commissioned Director of the Botanic Gardens and Herbarium at Berlin-Dahlem died Jan. 19, 1951, aged 57.

Description: Abbayes, H. des: Traité de Lichénologie. 217 pp., 109 fig., 8°. Paris 1951. Akamine, E.H.: Viability of Hawaiin forest seeds in storage at various temperatures and relative humidities (Pac. Sc. 5, 1951, 36-46).

Description: Scope, organization, and purpose of Series III, Flora Malesiana (Musci and Hepaticae) are explained. Collaboration is asked on the following points: (a) To collect Mosses and Hepaticae in Malaysia and to add extensive and detailed data to the specimens (directions available on application to the Editor). (b) To send on loan or donate existing collections. (c) To forward data concerning collectors, travels, and collections made. (d) To name (if necessary provisionnally) all unnamed specimens. (e) To collect data from literature (and to forward reprints). (f) To join the team of bryologists revising groups of Malaysian Bryophyta and to write the Editor about planned research.

Description: Flora of Okinawa, Riukius. Dr E.H. Walker made a collecting trip in the Riukiu islands; associated with him were the Japanese botanists S. Tawada, T. Amano and S. Sonohara. This collection was obtained to help substantiate a MS-Flora of Okinawa prepared by these Okinawan botanists. Duplicate specimens of the collection will be distributed by the Smithsonian Institution of Washington. Address lists of botanists. In the Yearbook 1950-1951 of the American Botanical Society, Misc. Per. Publ. 138, 1951, an address list of American botanists has been published.

Description: Dr E.D. Merrill is working on a MS index to William Jack’s papers. Mr R.D. Hoogland, Leiden, has finished his research on Dilleniaceae. The results will be embodied in a revision of the family in Flora Malesiana, a revision of Indo-Malaysian Tetracera, and a monograph of Dillenia (incl. Wormia) the latter serving as a thesis at Leiden University. He finished a revision of Malay Peninsular Argyreia and has started work on a monograph of the genus Erycibe (Convolv.). His work on Convolvulaceae is to be added to Dr S.J. van Ooststroom’s who will compile the revision of Gonvolvulaceae for Flora Malesiana.

Description: Among the main events for the Foundation in 1951 was the completion of the Trustees which now consist of: Prof. Ir Kusnoto, Bogor, president Prof. Dr H.J. Lam, Leyden, 1st deputy president Dr M.A. Donk, Bogor, 2nd deputy president Prof. Dr E.D. Merrill, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A., member Prof. Dr C. Skottsberg, Stockholm, member Drs C.A.C.M. van Oppen, Djakarta, member The Trustees of Leyden University officially recognized the Foundation to work in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden. In addition to the Constitution a draft has been prepared of the By-Laws. In December 1951 the third part of volume four of Flora Malesiana was issued.

Description: On request of the Army, several voluminous bibliographies nave been published in Japan during the war. Advanced scientists accomplished the work in collaboration with teams of students by using Japanese libraries. The first of these bibliographies appeared in 1942, the last in 1944. They were apparently already planned before the war and intended to form one of the sources of information for the Intelligence Service. They were published under the general title ’Bibliographic Index for the study of the natural resources of the Great Asia co-prosperity sphere’ and compiled by the Department of Education, Dai Nippon.

Description: The second instalment of the Flora Malesiana was published in December 1949. It contains pp. xli – clxi ana 41-140, and c. 160 illustrations. The total issue is fixed at 1000 copies of each instalment. At the present moment more than 550 subscriptions have been received. It seems that the future of Flora Malesiana is assured. The second instalment of volume 4 contains the final part of the ’General Considerations’, by the general editor, ’A short history of Malaysian phytography’, by Dr H.C.D. de Wit, and revisions of Malaysian, plant families by Dr C.A. Backer, Dr P. Buwalda. and by Dr C.G.G.J. van Steenis.